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1、StoryvA man got on a train and sat down in a compartment which was empty except for one lady. She took her gloves off. A few hours later the woman was found dead and the man was arrested by the police. They held him for 24 hours and were then legally forced to let him go free.vKEYWORDS: garden, love
2、r, 30 years, disappear,jail The solution to the storyv Thirty years before, the gloved lady had been married to the man on the train. She and her lover had disappeared and left the country. Before vanishing they had cut off the two middle fingers of her left hand and buried them in the garden. The p
3、olice found the fingers while investigating her disappearance and accused the man of murdering his wife and burying the rest of her elsewhere. He was jailed for 30 years for a crime he had not committed. He did not recognize her at first on the train. When she took off her gloves he did. He killed h
4、er. The police had to release him as he had served his life sentence before committing the crime it was for.So from the story we know thatv1.The woman whose fingers were cut off was the mans wife. 2.The man whose wife had run away with another man was jailed for 30 years. v以上是由 whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,而定語從句可歸
5、納為我們今天要講的句子種類當(dāng)中的一種.英語語法英語語法:句子的種類句子的種類按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。祈使句和感嘆句。v1) 陳述句(陳述句(Declarative Sentences):說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳):說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。述一種看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。光比聲速度快。 (說明事實(shí))(說明事實(shí)) The film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。(說明看法)這部電影很乏味。(說明看法)v2) 疑問句(疑問句(Interrogative Sentence
6、s):提出問題。):提出問題。 有以下四種:有以下四種:va.一般疑問句(一般疑問句(General Questions):): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎?你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎?vb. 特殊疑問句(特殊疑問句(W Questions; H Questions):): Where do you live?你住那兒?你住那兒? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?你怎么知道那件事?vc.選擇疑問句(選擇疑問句(Alternative Questions):): Do you want tea or coffee?
7、你是要茶還是要咖啡?你是要茶還是要咖啡? vd.反意疑問句(反意疑問句(Tag-Questions):): He doesnt know her, does he? 他不認(rèn)識(shí)她,對(duì)不對(duì)?他不認(rèn)識(shí)她,對(duì)不對(duì)?v3) 祈使句(祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出請(qǐng)求,):提出請(qǐng)求,建議或發(fā)出命令,建議或發(fā)出命令, Sit down, please.請(qǐng)坐。請(qǐng)坐。 Dont be nervous!別緊張!別緊張!v4) 感嘆句(感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示說):表示說 話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒,話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒, What good new
8、s it is!多好的消息啊!多好的消息啊!(二)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類:(二)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類:簡(jiǎn)單句, 并列句, 主從復(fù)合句v1) 簡(jiǎn)單句(簡(jiǎn)單句(Simple Sentences):只包含一個(gè)主):只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句,謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句, v She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。她喜歡集郵。 (主主) (謂謂)v2) 并列句(并列句(Compound Sentences):包含兩個(gè)):包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句,句與句之間或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句,句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來連接,例如:通
9、常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來連接,例如:vThe food was good, but he had little appetite. (主主) (謂謂)(主主) (謂謂) 食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口。食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口。3)復(fù)合句()復(fù)合句(Complex Sentences):包含一個(gè)主):包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句,從句由句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句,從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)從屬連詞引導(dǎo)The film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句主句 從句從句我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開演了。我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開
10、演了。(三)基本句型(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):):英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化來的:基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化來的:I 句子成分句子成分v句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,詞句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系,按照不同的關(guān)與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系,按照不同的關(guān)系,可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子系,可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。 英語的基本成分有六英語的基本成分有六種:主語(種:主語(subject)、
11、謂語()、謂語(predicate)、)、表語(表語(predicative)、賓語()、賓語(object)、定)、定語(語(attribute)和狀語)和狀語(adverbial) II 基本句型v基本句型一:基本句型一: (主謂)(主謂)v Im standing.v基本句型二:基本句型二: (主謂表)(主謂表)v The dinner smells good. v基本句型三:基本句型三: (主謂賓)(主謂賓)v Who knows the answer? v基本句型四:基本句型四: (主謂間賓直賓)(主謂間賓直賓) He brought you a dictionary. v基本句型五
12、:基本句型五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))(主謂賓賓補(bǔ)) saw them getting on the bus. v注意:以上只是五個(gè)基本句型,但是我們?cè)陂喿x中注意:以上只是五個(gè)基本句型,但是我們?cè)陂喿x中碰到的是更為復(fù)雜的句子。英語中任何復(fù)雜的句子碰到的是更為復(fù)雜的句子。英語中任何復(fù)雜的句子都是在這五個(gè)句型都是在這五個(gè)句型 上的延伸。下面以上的延伸。下面以基本句型五基本句型五為為例的一個(gè)句子來擴(kuò)充一個(gè)基本句型。通過加上適當(dāng)例的一個(gè)句子來擴(kuò)充一個(gè)基本句型。通過加上適當(dāng)?shù)亩ㄕZ,狀語等,我們可以使句子更血肉豐滿:的定語,狀語等,我們可以使句子更血肉豐滿:v注意:注意: 定語:定語對(duì)名詞或代詞加以修飾或限定。定
13、語:定語對(duì)名詞或代詞加以修飾或限定。 狀語:狀語主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。狀語:狀語主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告的學(xué)生和教
14、師。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告的學(xué)生和教師。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listeing to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告的學(xué)生和教師。歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告的學(xué)生和教師。 1、簡(jiǎn)單句、簡(jiǎn)單句不管是我們閱讀還是寫作,構(gòu)造和理解簡(jiǎn)單句都是
15、最基本不管是我們閱讀還是寫作,構(gòu)造和理解簡(jiǎn)單句都是最基本的技能。在這個(gè)技能中,記住一點(diǎn)是十分重要的。也就是的技能。在這個(gè)技能中,記住一點(diǎn)是十分重要的。也就是說:在英語簡(jiǎn)單句中,只能有而且(一般情況下)必須有說:在英語簡(jiǎn)單句中,只能有而且(一般情況下)必須有一個(gè)謂語部分。英語的簡(jiǎn)單句只有五種基本句型,也就是一個(gè)謂語部分。英語的簡(jiǎn)單句只有五種基本句型,也就是我們上面提到的五中基本句型,所有的英語句子都不能離我們上面提到的五中基本句型,所有的英語句子都不能離開這五種基本句型,所以我們把它們諳熟于心是非常重要開這五種基本句型,所以我們把它們諳熟于心是非常重要而且大有裨益的。再重復(fù)一下,這五種句型是:而
16、且大有裨益的。再重復(fù)一下,這五種句型是:SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。其中其中S = Subject,也就是主語;,也就是主語;V = Verbal phrase,也,也就是謂語部分;就是謂語部分;C = Complement ,表示跟在系動(dòng)詞之后,表示跟在系動(dòng)詞之后的補(bǔ)語;的補(bǔ)語;O = Object,也就是句子的賓語,在最后一種句,也就是句子的賓語,在最后一種句型中包括間接賓語和直接賓語。型中包括間接賓語和直接賓語。2、并列句(、并列句(compound sentence) 英語的并列句一般情況下引不起巨大的閱讀英語的并列句一般情況下引不起巨大的閱讀障礙,因
17、為在分句之間往往有固定的連接詞障礙,因?yàn)樵诜志渲g往往有固定的連接詞說明前后分句的關(guān)系。這樣的連接詞有以說明前后分句的關(guān)系。這樣的連接詞有以and為代表的表示意義延伸的并列連詞、以為代表的表示意義延伸的并列連詞、以or為代表的表示選擇概念的并列連詞、以為代表的表示選擇概念的并列連詞、以but為代表的表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞和表示原因的為代表的表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞和表示原因的for四個(gè)類型。對(duì)此我們分別舉例句來說明問四個(gè)類型。對(duì)此我們分別舉例句來說明問題:題:v第一種第一種 and型型, ( and, both A and B, not only A but also B, neither A nor
18、B ) 1.The camera takes good pictures, and the price is reasonable. 2.He doesnt care for money, nor does he care for fame.v第二種第二種 or型型 ( or, either . or ) 1.The children can go with us , or they can stay at home. 2.Take a map with you, or you will be lost.第三種第三種 but型型 ( but, while )1.He doesnt earn m
19、uch, but he spends money freely.2.Some people waste food, while others have none.第四種第四種 for型型1. He must have done something wrong, for the teacher called him to the office.2. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.3、復(fù)合句(、復(fù)合句( complex sentence )v如果一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)另一個(gè)句子的組成部分,如果一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)另一個(gè)句子的組成部分, 如
20、主語、如主語、 賓語、賓語、 表語、同位語、定語、表語、同位語、定語、 狀語等,狀語等, 具有這樣具有這樣結(jié)構(gòu)的句子稱為主從復(fù)合句。充當(dāng)某一成分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的句子稱為主從復(fù)合句。充當(dāng)某一成分的句子稱為從句,稱為從句, 帶著從句的句子稱為主句。從句對(duì)主句帶著從句的句子稱為主句。從句對(duì)主句的關(guān)系是從屬關(guān)系。主句和從句之間有一定的連接的關(guān)系是從屬關(guān)系。主句和從句之間有一定的連接詞加以連接。從屬關(guān)系的復(fù)合句包括名詞性從句詞加以連接。從屬關(guān)系的復(fù)合句包括名詞性從句(Nominal Clauses)(包括主語從句、表語從句、(包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)、定語從句(賓語從句、同位語從句)、
21、定語從句(Relative Clauses)、狀語從句()、狀語從句(Adverbial Clauses)。)。v下面我們分別來探究一下什么是名詞性從句,下面我們分別來探究一下什么是名詞性從句, 定語定語從句,從句, 狀語從句。狀語從句。4.名詞性從句:在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、名詞性從句:在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語與同位語的句子分別叫做主語從句、賓表語與同位語的句子分別叫做主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,語從句、表語從句和同位語從句, 這些從句這些從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。 v(一)主語從句(一)主語從句 在復(fù)合句中用作主語的從句叫主語從句。在復(fù)合句中用作主語的從句叫
22、主語從句。 vThat you are leaving is a pity. 你要走,真遺憾。你要走,真遺憾。vWhat matters is how you live. 重要的是你如何生活。重要的是你如何生活。vWhere he lives is not clear. 他住哪兒不清楚。他住哪兒不清楚。vWho will stay makes no difference. 誰留下來都一樣。誰留下來都一樣。 vWhether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定
23、注意:注意:(三大點(diǎn)三大點(diǎn)) v 主語從句中的連接詞的問題主語從句中的連接詞的問題v從屬連詞從屬連詞 that ,whether v連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what v連接副詞連接副詞 when ,where ,how ,whyva. 所有所有wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句不僅起連接主句疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句不僅起連接主句與從句的作用,與從句的作用, 而且還在從句中而且還在從句中擔(dān)任各類成分及具擔(dān)任各類成分及具有詞匯意義有詞匯意義, 而而that在從句中僅起連接作用,在從句中僅起連接作用, 沒有沒有詞匯意義,詞匯意義,但但 that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)主語
24、從句時(shí),that不可以省不可以省.vb. 主語從句主語從句表示是否只能用表示是否只能用whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)。 主語從句的語序是主語從句的語序是陳述句陳述句的語序的語序it 作形式主語的問題作形式主語的問題大部分主語從句都可以用大部分主語從句都可以用it作形式主語,作形式主語, 這主要是為了保持句這主要是為了保持句子平衡,主語從句常用子平衡,主語從句常用it作形式主語,將主語從句后置。用作形式主語,將主語從句后置。用it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種:作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種:va.It is + 名詞名詞 + that從句從句 It is a fact that English
25、 is being accepted as an international language. 英語正在被人們接受為一英語正在被人們接受為一種國際語言,這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。種國際語言,這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。vb.It is + 形容詞形容詞 + that從句從句 1.It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。毫無疑問她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 It is important, natural, necessary, funny, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, no wo
26、nder etc. + that從句的句型也可歸為從句的句型也可歸為a.It is + 名詞名詞 + that從句從句 b.It is + 形容詞形容詞 + that從句的從句的句型中句型中,謂語部分常用謂語部分常用should + 動(dòng)詞原形,動(dòng)詞原形,should常被常被省略。省略。1.It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature. 我們要維持生態(tài)平衡,這是重要而且必不可少的。我們要維持生態(tài)平衡,這是重要而且必不可少的。2. It is a pity that you (should) mi
27、ss such a good chance. 真遺憾你竟然失去這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。真遺憾你竟然失去這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。 c.It + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + that從句從句1.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. 艾麗絲似乎不來參加晚會(huì)。艾麗絲似乎不來參加晚會(huì)。2.It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。碰巧我那天外出了。 (= I happened to be out that day.)d.It is + 過去分詞過去分詞 + that從句從句 1.It is said that Mr.
28、 Green has arrived in Beijing. (=Mr. Green is said to have arrived in Bijing.) 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。 2.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。據(jù)報(bào)道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。下列使用虛擬語氣的主語從句下列使用虛擬語氣的主語從句 也可歸在這一類也可歸在這一類It is+過去分詞過去分詞+that從句從句 在在It
29、is suggested, ordered, requested, insisted, etc. + that從句中,謂語部分用從句中,謂語部分用should + 動(dòng)詞原形,動(dòng)詞原形,should常被省略。常被省略。 1.It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time. 有人建議我們?cè)僮鲆淮螌?shí)驗(yàn)。有人建議我們?cè)僮鲆淮螌?shí)驗(yàn)。 用形式主語用形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句相當(dāng)多,有引導(dǎo)的主語從句相當(dāng)多,有些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有:些已形成固定的語法和譯法。常見的有:It is said that. 據(jù)說據(jù)說 It
30、 is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) It is well known that. 眾所周知眾所周知 It is announced that. 據(jù)宣布據(jù)宣布 It is believed that. 人們相信人們相信 It is thought that. 人們認(rèn)為人們認(rèn)為 vIt is understood that. 自不待言 vIt must be pointed out that. 必須指出 vIt must be admitted that. 必須承認(rèn) 其他情況vIt doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無
31、關(guān)緊要。vIt makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們?cè)谀睦镩_會(huì)毫無區(qū)別。vIt suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. 她突然想到她忘記鎖門了。v并且當(dāng)并且當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí),引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí),宜宜用用it作形式主語,作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。而把主語從句后置。1.Is it possible that they may complete the task ahead of time? 他們
32、有可能提前完成任務(wù)嗎?他們有可能提前完成任務(wù)嗎?2.Does it matter much that he wont be able to come tomorrow? 他明天來不了很要緊嗎?他明天來不了很要緊嗎?v此外連接代詞此外連接代詞what, whoever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)等引引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)等引導(dǎo)的主語從句導(dǎo)的主語從句不宜用不宜用it作形式主語。作形式主語。1.Is what he told us really true? 他所告訴我們他所告訴我們的的確是真的嗎?的的確是真的嗎?v(二二)賓語從句賓語從句 v賓語從
33、句賓語從句 The Object Clause,在復(fù)合句中,在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語,它屬于名詞性從句。作主句的賓語,它屬于名詞性從句。它可以它可以作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語,也可以作介詞的賓作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語,也可以作介詞的賓語語。v 連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞)相同于主語從句連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞)相同于主語從句 從屬連詞從屬連詞 that ,if ,whether 連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what 連接副詞連接副詞 when ,where ,how ,why 語序:語序: 從句的詞序用陳述語序(主從句的詞序用陳述語序(主+ 謂)謂)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法虛擬語氣在賓
34、語從句中的用法. suggest, order, request, require, demand, insist, askthatshould doThe teacher sugggested that we should carry out the plan as quickly as possible. 使用賓語從句還有一個(gè)要注意的問題是在使用賓語從句還有一個(gè)要注意的問題是在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語中,如等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語中,如果從句謂語是否定的,一般要將否定詞移到主句謂果從句謂語是否定的,一般要將否定詞移到主句謂語上,而將從句的謂語變
35、為肯定形式。語上,而將從句的謂語變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问健?1).I dont think he has time to play football with you. 我想他沒有時(shí)間和你踢足球。我想他沒有時(shí)間和你踢足球。 2).I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet. 我估計(jì)現(xiàn)在未到(交通)高峰時(shí)間。我估計(jì)現(xiàn)在未到(交通)高峰時(shí)間。 (三)表語從句(三)表語從句 表語從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語。表語。v 1可接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有可接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, seem,sound, appear等。
36、等。 1)China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中國不再是過去的中國了。今日的中國不再是過去的中國了。 2)The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問題還是他們能否幫我們。問題還是他們能否幫我們。 注意 連接詞連接詞 表語從句中的連接詞如主語從句,表語從句中的連接詞如主語從句, 賓語從句,賓語從句,但是同主語從句一樣但是同主語從句一樣,連詞連詞that引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句中中that不可以省,表語語從句表示是否只能用不可以省,表語語從句表示是否只能用whethe
37、r 使使用虛擬語氣的表語從句用虛擬語氣的表語從句 在表示建議、勸在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句,謂語動(dòng)告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞需用詞需用should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形表示,表示,should可可省略。常見的詞有:省略。常見的詞有:advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。等。1)My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。2)His proposal was that they (s
38、hould) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition. 他的提議是挑戰(zhàn)別的班級(jí)進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)友誼競(jìng)賽。他的提議是挑戰(zhàn)別的班級(jí)進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)友誼競(jìng)賽。 (四四)同位語從句同位語從句 同位語從句用于對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解同位語從句用于對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句一般由釋,說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句一般由that引導(dǎo),但也可以由引導(dǎo),但也可以由whether以及以及連接代詞連接代詞和連接副詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 1 同位語從句一般跟在名詞的后面同位語從句一般跟在名詞的后面 同位語從句一同位語從句一般跟在名詞般跟
39、在名詞fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等后面等后面。注意 同位語從句一般跟在名詞的后面同位語從句一般跟在名詞的后面 同位語從句同位語從句一般跟在名詞一般跟在名詞fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statemen
40、t, problem, rule等后面等后面。1)They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。2.He asked me the question whether he could leave at five.他問我一個(gè)問題他是否能在五點(diǎn)離開他問我一個(gè)問題他是否能在五點(diǎn)離開.3)We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪
41、兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。到哪兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。 使用虛擬語氣的同位語從句使用虛擬語氣的同位語從句 在一些表示在一些表示“建議、命令、要求建議、命令、要求”的的名詞后的同位語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用名詞后的同位語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。可省略。 v This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 盡快解決這個(gè)問題,這是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求。vHe made the suggestion that we (should) go
42、by train. 他建議我們坐火車去。名詞性從句練習(xí)名詞性從句練習(xí)1Can you make sure_the gold ring? A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice put C.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put 2. _ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known. A. Which B. Although C. Since D. How3The old gentleman never fails to help_is in need of h
43、elp. A.whom B.who C.whoever D.whomever 4. The young couple were anxious and they begged the doctor to do _ he could to save their daughters life. A. that B. what C. all what D. which5. The new law will come into effect on November 1 _ no children under 18 will be allowed to buy either wine or cigare
44、tte. A. whether B. because C. that D. whenDDCBC6. Mother made a promise _ I entered a key school, she would take me to Beijing. A. that B. that if C. if D. whether7.He asked me the question _ he could leave at five. A. if B. whether C. that D. when8. It is natural _ we should go there by air. A. tha
45、t B. because C. how D. if 9. The boss ordered _ him while he was writing the report, because he was to make a speech the next day. A. us not disturb B. that we not disturb C. that we would not disturb D. that we could not disturbBBAB10. After ten years of development, Pudong New Area is not _ it use
46、d to be. In fact, it has become the most attracting area in Shanghai. A. which B. What C. that D. when11. It depends on its quality and price _ a new product sells well. A. if B. whether C. what D. that12. The young girls we met in the street corner seemed to be frightened. What do you think _ made
47、them so? A. which B.What C. that D. /13. I wont believe _ you say . A.no matter what B. whatever C. no matter how D. whenever BBDB狀語從句狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause) 從句用作狀語稱為狀語從句。從句用作狀語稱為狀語從句。根據(jù)用途,狀語從句可分為時(shí)間、根據(jù)用途,狀語從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、讓步、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、讓步、結(jié)果、目的、比較等狀語從句。結(jié)果、目的、比較等狀語從句。v(一)(一) 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句 v時(shí)間狀語從句
48、表示時(shí)間,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有 when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as soon as,whenever,no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen, the moment, every time等等。等等。v1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful. v2) The instant he saw the building on fire, he dialed 999.v3)Hardly had he arri
49、ved in Beijing when it began to snow. v(二)(二) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn),常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn),常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有where, wherever等等。1) Put it where you found it. 2) Sit down wherever you like. v(三)原因狀語從句(三)原因狀語從句v原因狀語從句表示原因或理由,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)原因狀語從句表示原因或理由,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有詞有because, as, since,for, now that, considering that(由于考慮到由于考慮到)等。
50、等。 1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food. 2)Considering that he did not study, he did well on the test.3) Since you wont help me, Ill ask someone else.v(四)(四) 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 v條件狀語從句表示真實(shí)的或現(xiàn)實(shí)的條件,引條件狀語從句表示真實(shí)的或現(xiàn)實(shí)的條件,引導(dǎo)從句所用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有導(dǎo)從句所用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that
51、), as (so) long as,provided/providing that, on condition that等等。等等。v1.If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. v2.Youll be late, unless you hurry. 3.Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose從句必須放在主句之前從句必須放在主句之前) 我們?nèi)绻t到了,他會(huì)說什么?我們?nèi)绻t到了,他會(huì)說什么?4.In the event that our team wins, there will be
52、 a party. 5.In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨,就不要等我了。如果下雨,就不要等我了。6.He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩,他什么都愿意做。只要好玩,他什么都愿意做。v(五)(五) 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 v方式狀語從句表示動(dòng)作的方式,回答方式狀語從句表示動(dòng)作的方式,回答How的問題,的問題,常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引導(dǎo),一般置于主語之后。等引導(dǎo),一
53、般置于主語之后。1.Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我說的去做。我就是照你說的去做的。照我說的去做。我就是照你說的去做的。 2.He acts as if/as though he were the owner. 他行為舉止好象是這兒的主人似的。他行為舉止好象是這兒的主人似的。 3.They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。 4.I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我從
54、未被允許用自己想用的方式唱歌。我從未被允許用自己想用的方式唱歌。v(六)(六) 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句 v讓步狀語從句表示讓步狀語從句表示“雖然、盡管、即使雖然、盡管、即使”等概念,等概念,使句子具有對(duì)比的因素。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有使句子具有對(duì)比的因素。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有although, though, even if, even though,whether, as, however, while, no matter+特殊疑問詞,特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞,特殊疑問詞+ever v1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a comm
55、on disease. v2) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive. v3) I wouldnt go to see the new movie no matter who recommends it.v (七七) 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 v結(jié)果狀語從句表示結(jié)果,結(jié)果狀語從句表示結(jié)果, 常由連詞常由連詞sothat, such(a/an)that, so that, such that等引導(dǎo),置等引導(dǎo),置于主語之后。于主語之后。 v1)She was so frightened about the dog that sh
56、e cried.v2)The news worried him so much that he didnt sleep at all for the whole night.v3)We arrived early, so that we got good seats. v(八)目的狀語從句(八)目的狀語從句 v目的狀語從句表示目的,回答目的狀語從句表示目的,回答what for或或 for what purpose的問題,常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞的問題,常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞so that, in order that,lest等引導(dǎo),一般置于主語之后。等引導(dǎo),一般置于主語之后。目目的狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常由的狀語從句
57、中的謂語動(dòng)詞常由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 v1) We arrived early so that we could get good seats.v2) Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks. v3)They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it. v(九)比較狀語從句(九)比較狀語從句 v常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有as, than, asas, not soa
58、s, the morethe more v1)Air is to men as water is to fish.v2) The more civilized a man becomes,the less he is limited by the disadvantage of his environment.1Ill go with you as soon as I _my work. A.will finish B.shall finish C.finish D.finished 2No sooner_the news than they rushed out into the stree
59、t. A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard 3Although he is considered a great writer,_ A.his works are not widely read B.but his works are not widelyread C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read 4_he might,he failed. A.Try as B.As try C.Trie
60、d as D.As tried CDAA5. It was long _ they find out what had happened. A. until B. when C. since D. before 6. We hadnt met for twenty years, but I recognized her _ I saw her. A. the moment B. the moment when C. for the moment D. at the moment when7. _ difficulties we may meet with, we are sure to get
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