1、Electrophysiological evidence that drug cues have greater salience than other affective stimuli in opiate addiction藥物線索相比其他情感線索更敏感的電生理證據(jù)Journal of Psychopharmacologympact Factor:2.806 摘要 Previous research has demonstrated that drug cues are able to capture attentional resources in addicted populatio

2、ns. However, few studies have controlled for the possibility that drug users find all motivationally significant (i.e., affective) stimuli particularly salient. We examined this issue in opiate addiction, by exploring the impact of drug-related and affective stimuli on central attentional processes.

3、 以前的研究已經(jīng)表明，在成癮人群中藥物線索更容易吸引他們注意。然而，很少有研究去控制毒品使用者去找到所有顯著可能性的刺激(i.e., affective)、特別突出的動機。我們通過在阿片成癮來探索藥物相關(guān)的影響和在集中注意加工的情感刺激來調(diào)查這個問題 Sixteen male heroin addicts (seven on opiate pharmacotherapy and nine recently detoxified subjects) and 12 hed controls were studied. Subjects were fitted with a 32-channel e

4、lectrode cap and were instructed to passively view a series of neutral, affective and opiate-related images. 6個男性海洛因成癮者（7個是進行阿片藥物治療，9個是最近脫毒的被試）和12個匹配控制組進行研究。被試佩戴32通道的電極帽，被要求去看一系列中性、情感的和阿片相關(guān)的圖片。 The P300 elicited by drug-related stimuli was significantly larger than that elicited by affective and neu

5、tral stimuli in opiate users but not controls. Baseline ratings of craving were also found tpredict the degree of P300 facilitation to the drug-related stimuli in the addicted group. Further, the opiate group demonstrated an absence of the typical enhancement of ERP responses to non-drug affective s

6、timuli. 非控制的阿片使用者，藥物相關(guān)刺激要比情感和中性刺激誘發(fā)的P300的波幅顯著要大。在成癮組中，對藥物相關(guān)刺激渴求的基線等級被發(fā)現(xiàn)可以預(yù)測P300的程度。而且，在阿片使用組中顯示出對于非藥物情感刺激并沒有典型ERP增強反應(yīng)。 These results suggest that opiate addicts demonstrate greater cortical processing of drug cues than other types of affective stimuli. Further research is required to assess whether

7、addiction is specifically associated with reduced sensitivity to natural rewards, aversive stimuli or affective cues in general. 這個結(jié)果表明阿片成癮顯示出，藥物線索比其他類型的情感刺激有更大的皮層加工。進一步的研究應(yīng)該要求去評估成癮是否和對自然獎賞，厭惡刺激、或普通情感線索的敏感性減少之間存在聯(lián)系。 被試 Twenty male heroin addicts (10 on opiate pharmacotherapy and 10 recently detoxifi

8、ed) and 13 age- and IQ-matched male control subjects (drug treatment workers) were recruited from local drugservices in Manchester, UK. Opiate addicts met ICD-10 criteria for opiate dependence (WHO, 1992), had previously injected heroin (no use in the past two weeks), and were not dependent on any o

9、ther non-prescribed medication. 20名男性海洛因成癮者（10個在使用阿片藥物治療和10個最近進行脫毒）和13個年齡和智商匹配的男性控制組被試（藥物治療工作者），他們是從英國曼徹斯特當?shù)厮幬锷痰暾心紒淼摹τ诎⑵蕾囋\斷符合阿片成癮ICD-10的標準，以前注射過海洛因（過去兩周沒有使用），不依賴任何其他非處方藥。 The average age for first injecting heroin was 20.3 (SD 4.4) years, and the sample had been using opiates for an average of 11.

10、6 (SD 7) years. Opiate substitution prescriptions included methadone, cyclo morphine and dihydrocodeine. The median equivalent dose of methadone prescribed was 55 mg (range 20400 mg), and the detoxified participants had spent an average of 8.7 (SD 3.2) days drug-free. Non-dependentdrug use within th

11、e past two months included cannabis (7), cocaine(2), alcohol (1) and amphetamine (1), while 35% of the sample were prescribed benzodiazepines. 第一次注射海洛因年齡是20.3歲（SD=4.4），本樣本平均使用阿片藥物11.6年（SD=7）。阿片替代藥物包括美沙酮、 環(huán)嗎啡類、雙氫可待因。中等規(guī)定劑量的美沙酮是55mg(范圍20-400mg)，脫毒被試平均每天使用8.7mg（SD=3.2）。 在過去兩個月沒有使用依賴藥物如大麻，可卡因，酒精和安非他明，其中

12、樣本中35%使用了處方苯二氮。 Drug treatment workers with nolifetime history of substance use disorder or intravenous drug use were recruited as controls. All subjects were assessed by a psychiatrist (DIL), and were found to be in good general health, with no history of major mental illness, significant head injury or neurological disorder. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. 招募藥物治療工作者作為控制組，他