1、賓語從句賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復合句中充當賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。用法賓語從句結構：主語+謂語+由連詞引導賓語從句（陳述語序）從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問詞（what， how， where， when .)。1）that （無詞義，不做成分）; if,whether(表達是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分)that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not引導表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。If和wh

2、ether的區別：if和whether在作“是否”理解時，引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if。少數動詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。在不定式前只能用whether。一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。2）連接代詞主要有：who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,wha

3、tever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？3）連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。注：賓語從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面。賓語從句-動賓從句大多數及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句。部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句。動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句，常見的這些詞有：make sure（確保）、make up

4、ones mind（下決心）、keep in mind（牢記）可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it（雙賓語）這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell賓語從句-介賓從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句。用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句，有時候

5、except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導的賓語從句。賓語從句-形容詞+賓從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句；例句：I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised賓語從句否定轉移注： 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine

6、,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來.否定前移的反意問句完成反意問句時，應與從句主、謂保持一致。如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否定前移。eg I dont think you are right,are you？ I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they？賓語從句時態和語序當主句為現在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態一般不受主句的時態所影響.當主句為過去時從

7、句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發生從句過去完成時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之前從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之后如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態不根據主句的時態而變化當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經常將這類引導詞置于句首無論任何時候都為陳述語序.但也有部分口語提問例外 E.G:Whats the matter?Whats wrong with you?賓語從句學習技巧學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導詞、語序和時態。一、引導詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導詞that或

8、將that省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結構中不能用 if 替換。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副詞作引導詞。 注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他。從句的引導詞有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判斷時態情況1主句是一般現在時，從句為各種時態。2主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應過去時態。 注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般

9、現在時。He answered that he was listening to me.3關系代詞：that，who，whom,whose,which1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round. A.was B. is C. were D. are2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match. A.win B. wonC. will winD. wins三、賓語從句的用法1.that引導賓語從句無意義，不充當句子成分常省略。但是在書面上最好不要省略。下列情況除外：介詞賓語從句的that

10、不能省略。 and連接的兩個從句，兩個從句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結構中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2.許多帶復合賓語的句子，賓語從句經常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結構是：主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓

11、語補足語 + 賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible

12、.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 帶有賓語從句的復合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. 主句一般過去時態，從句也要用過去時態；具體細節請看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He want

13、ed to know why he was crying in the corner.（4）賓語從句后置如果賓語從句后有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）that不可省略賓語從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略A當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get betterB當it作形式賓語時egShe mad

14、e it clear that she had nothing to do with himC當賓語從句前置時egThat our team will win，I believe(6)由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.(7)賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡單句結構。例：I dont know what I should do next.- I dont know what to do next.1 Can you see_ A.what hes reading B. what is he reading C.what does he read D. he reads what2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個句子)-Do you know_Jack _from Japa