1、初中英語國際標準音標練習初中英語國際標準音標練習元音 (20個)單元音12個前 元 音(4個)i:ie后 元 音(5個):u:u中 元 音(3個):雙元音8個合口雙元音(5個)eiuaiaui集中雙元音(3個)iu輔音 (28個)清 輔 音(11個)ptkfsttrtsh濁 輔 音(17個)bdgvzd drdzlmnjwr/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/be

2、st/ text/tekst/ help/help/ fat/ft/ have/hv/ cat/kt/ back/bk/ hat/ht/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ :/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ corn/k:n/ course/k:s/ salt/s:t/ / dog/dg/ pot/pt/ cost/kst/ what/wt/ honest/nist/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book

3、/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / must/mst/ does/dz/ money/mni/ ugly/gli/ come/km/ /:/ nurse/n:s/ bird/b:d/ burn/b:n/ turn/t:n/ girl/g:l/ / better/bet/ never/nev/ worker/w:k/ welcome/welkm/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid/u/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ wrote/rut/ n

4、ote/nut/ pose/puz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ baut/ south/sau/ house/haus/i/ boy/bi/ toy/ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ coin/kin/i/ ear/i/ near/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ mere/mi/ spear/spi/ / air/ tear/t/ care/k/ dare/d/

5、 fair/f/ there/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ moor/mu/(停泊) your/ju/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tp/ cap/kp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blk/ bear/b/t/ let/let/ sat/st/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/sd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/k/ lack/lk/ take/teik/

6、 clock/klk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/g/ big/big/ lag/lg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s:f/ favorite/feivrit/v/ very/veri/ five/faiv/ fever/fi:v/ serve/s:v/ never/nev/ bath/ba:/(v洗澡) thick/ik/ mouth/mau/ breath/bre/(n呼吸) thought/:t/ author/ t

7、ruth/tru:/ / the/ / they/ei/ that/t/ mother/m/thus/ s/ then/en/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stps/z/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t/ catch/kt/ cheep/ti:p/ rich/rit/ watch/wt/ child/taild/ question/kwestn/ teach/ti:t/ challenge/tlind

8、/ /d/ orange/rid/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/ job/db/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/trk/dr/dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ she/i:/ sharp/a:p/ fish/fi/ shock/k/ shoe/u:/ pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ television/telivin/ts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp:ts/ put

9、s/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hndz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h:d/ half/ha:f/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/wain

10、d/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ long/l/ beautiful/bju:tfl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ excuse/ikskju:z/ /w/ work/w:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rud/ write/rait/ wrong/r/ problem/prblm/ 音

11、標綜合練習1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill/pet/ /pk/ /gp/ /kg/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /setl/ /tr/ /dipend/settle trash depend2

12、./a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /d/ /l:n/ /n:t/ /p:z/ /fks/ /sk/ ask mask past france odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ /l:d/ /t:/ /st:m/ /pt/ /krp/ /t/ /prmis/ far large mark lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/

13、 /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3./ / /bz/ /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk america soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b:lesk/ /m:d/ burlesque

14、 murder3./ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster4./i/ / /u/vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/veer affair dare scare bourn g

15、ourd rural appear colombia/mtiril/ /mistiris/material mysterious5./ /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselvesthe sun tongue twister(繞口令)(1)there are thirty-three trees there. (, )(2)a big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. the big bl

16、ack bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)(3)she sells seashells on the seashore,and the shells she sells are seashells. im sure because if she sells shells at the seashore,the shells she sells are seashells for sure.(/ /,/s/,/z/,/) (4)there is a kitten in the kitchen.in the kitchen,i fly the chick

17、en.a fly flies into the kitchen while im frying the chicken.( /t/)(5)you are no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.for a night,lights a slight light and tonights a night thats light.when a nights light like tonights light,its really not quit right to light night lights with th

18、eir slight lights on the light night like tonight.(/n/-/l/) (6)the sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/-/)(7)why didnt you do that what i told you to do? (/ /-/ /) (8)the doctors daughter knocked at the locked door.(9)mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.(10)is this pair of sciss

19、ors of his sisters? yes,this is the pair of scissors of his sisters . (/s/-/z/)(11)pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)(12)william wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/)初中英語一般過去時專項練習一、寫出下列動詞的過去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make

20、_ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _二、用be動詞的適當形式填空。1. i _ an english teacher now.2. she _ happy yesterday.3. they _ glad to see each other last month.4. helen and nancy _ good friends.5. the little dog _ two years old this year.6. look, there _ lots of grapes her

21、e.7. there _ a sign on the chair on monday.8. today _ the second of june. yesterday _ the first of june. it _ childrens day. all the students _ very excited.三、句型變換。there was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2 they played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_

22、四、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. i _ (watch) a cartoon on saturday.2. her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. we _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last spring festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on sunday? yes, he _.6. gao shan _ (pull) up carrots last national day holid

23、ay.7. i _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. what _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? she _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. it _ (be) bens birthday last friday 10. we all _ (have) a good time last night.11. he _ (jump) high on last sports day. 12. helen _ (milk) a cow on friday.1

24、3. she likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)14. he _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)15. jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.16. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on sunday? no, they _.17. i _ (watch) a cartoon on monday. 18 we _ (go) to school on sunday.19. it _ (be)

25、the 2nd of november yesterday. mr white _ (go) to his office by car.20. gao shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21. dont _ the house. mum _ it yesterday. (clean)22. what _ you _ just now? i _ some housework. (do)23. they _ (make) a kite a week ago.24. i want to _ apples. but my dad _ all

26、of them last month. (pick)25. _ he _ the flowers this morning? yes, he _. (water)26. she _ (be) a pretty girl. look, she _ (do) chinese dances.27. the students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.28.what _ mike do on the farm? he _ cows. (milk) 初中英語語法-介詞 1、介詞的主要用法： 介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或

27、代詞(賓格)或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構成的短語介詞,如：out of(從中出來), because of(因為), away from(距離), on top of(在頂上), ever since(自從), next to(在隔壁), according to(根據), in front of(在前方)等。2、介詞的分類表： 地點(位置、范圍)介詞： above在前, about在附近, across在對面, after在后面, against倚著., along在近旁, among在中間, around在周圍, round在.周

28、圍, at在處, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁邊, between在.之間, by在.旁, down在.下面, from來自., in在.里面, inside在.里面, near靠近., of在.之中, on在.上面, out of在.之外, outside在.外面, over在.上方, under在.下方, up在.上面, on top of在.頂部, in front of在.前, close to靠近., in the middle of在.的中間, at the end of在.的末端,等等。方向(目標趨向)介詞： across橫越

29、., against對抗., along沿著., around繞著., round環繞., at朝著., behind向后面, betweenand從到.,by路過/通過., down向下, for向., from從/離., in進入., into進入., inside到.里面, near接近., off脫離/除., on向.上, out of向.外, outside向.外, over跨過., past經過/超過., through穿過., to向/朝., towards朝著., on to到.上面, onto到.上面, up向.上, away from遠離. 時間介詞： about大約.,

30、after在以后, at在 (時刻), before在以前, by到為止, during在期間, for有(之久), from從(時)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past過了(時), since自從(至今), through 貫穿(期間), till直到時, until直到時, to到(下一時刻), ever since從那時起至今,at the beginning of在.開始時 ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.當中 ,at the time of在.時 方式介詞： as作為/當作., by用/由/乘坐/被., i

31、n用(語言), like與一樣, on騎(車)/徒(步),通過(收音機/電視機), over通過(收音機), through通過., with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼), without沒有涉及介詞: about關于., except除了, besides除了還. for對于/就而言, in在(方面), of的,有關., on關于/有關., to對而言, towards針對., with就而言 其它介詞: 【目的介詞】 for為了., from防止, to為了 【原因介詞】 for因為., with由于, because of因為. 【比較介詞】 as與一樣,like象一樣,than比.

32、,to與相比, unlike與不同 【伴隨/狀態介詞】 against和一起(比賽),at在(上班/休息/上學/家,etc.),in穿著(衣服/顏色),into變成.,on在(值日), with與一起,有/帶著/長著., without沒有/無/不與一起3、重要注釋： this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構成的時間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：every year travelers from abroad come to visit pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮)/ he had a b

33、ad cold that week.(那個星期他患重感冒) for有時用來引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成“對于而言”。如：its too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區區一個小時內完成這項工作太難了)/ the house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個人住) of有時用來表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語的邏輯主語。如：its very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了) 介詞有時會與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。

34、 當賓語是疑問詞時。who are you talking about?(你們在談論誰？) 賓語在從句中當連接詞時。he has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一個需要他照顧的小弟。) / do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎？) 動詞不定式作定語且該動詞為不及物動詞,后面有介詞。i finally found a chair to sit on.(我最終找到了一張椅子坐。)5記住一些固定詞組：arrive at

35、/in(到達),on foot(步行),notat all(根本不),to the north of(在以北),in the east of(在的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿.),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿.),be good/bad for(對有益/有害),be made of(由做成),be made from(由制造),play with(玩耍),look out of(朝外面看),at the end of(在末梢/結束時),by the end of(不遲于

36、/到末為止),with the help of或with ones help(在的幫助下),look after(照料),look for(尋找),on a bike(=by bike)騎車, help sb. with(幫某人做),get on (well) with(與某人相處融洽),等等。 4、某些介詞的用法辨析： 時間或地點介詞in、on、at的用法區別：表示時間時, in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間； 表示地點時, in表示在某個范圍之內, on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸,at則

37、表示在某個具體的場所或地點。如：he was born on the morning of may 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ i usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點鐘起床) / his glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/ he is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院) after與in表示時間的用法區別：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在時刻之后”常用于一般時態；“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于

38、將來時態。如：he said that he would be here after 6：00.(他說他六點鐘之后會來這兒)/ my father is coming back from england in about a month.(我父親大約一個月以后從英國回來) since與for表示時間的用法區別：“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從起一直到現在”,“for +(一段時間)”表示“總共有之久”,都常用于完成時態；如：uncle li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/ uncl

39、e li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經工作了30多年) by、in與with表示方式的用法區別：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執行者；in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。如：we see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ please write that article(文章) in english.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)/

40、 lets go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧。)/ it was written by lao she.(那是老舍寫的) about與on的用法區別：都可以表示“有關”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關(專題/課程)”。如：tom is going to give a talk on the history of america.(湯姆要作一個美國歷史的報告)/ they are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談論著即將來到的野外旅游) through與acros

41、s、over的用法區別： through指“穿過(門洞/人群/樹林)”； across和over可以指“跨越(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過”時只能用over. 如：just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時一只老鼠跑過路面)/ there is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)/ they climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達了那里)/ the visitors went through a b

42、ig gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園)7as與like的區別：兩個詞都表示“像”,但是as譯為“作為”,表示的是職業、職務、作用等事實,而like譯為“像一樣”,表示外表,不是事實。如：let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親) / let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)8 at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區別：at

43、the end of既可以表示時間也可以表示地點,譯為“在末；在盡頭”,常與過去時連用；by the end of只能表示時間,譯為“在前；到為止”,常用于過去完成時； in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過去時；to the end譯為“到的終點為止”,前面往往有表示運動或連續性的動詞。如：by the end of last term we had learned 16 units of book iii.(到上學期期末我們已經學習了第三冊16個單元)/ at the end of the road you can find a big white h

44、ouse with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ they left for beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動身去了北京)/ in the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)/ we should go on with the work to the end.(我們應該把工作干到底)/ follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局

45、)9 for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區別：for a moment“一會兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續性動詞連用；for the moment“暫時、目前”,常用于現在時；in a moment“一會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來時；at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現在進行時。如：please wait for a moment.(請稍等)/ lets leave things as they are for the mom

46、ent.(暫時就維持現狀吧！) / ill come back in a moment.(我過會兒回來)/ i am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙) 10 but的問題：用介詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,后面的動詞要加to。如：i could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / they had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰斗) 11 in front of 與in the front of： in front of“在的前面”,

47、 與in the front of“在的前部”。如：a car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/ in the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著一個大講臺) 12 except與besides的區別：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”則表示包含,即“不僅又”。如：everyone went to the palace museum except tom.(除了tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(tom沒有去故宮)/ besides chinese

48、he also studied many other subjects.(除了漢語之外,他還學其他許多功課)(“漢語”也是他學的功課之一)初中生征服英語詞匯的十大方法上到初中，大部分學生都認為英語難學，主要原因是英語單詞難記。這是什么原因造成的呢？主要原因有三點：一、小學生在讀小學時記英語單詞沒有嚴格要求記住它們的拼寫，單詞的讀、寫方面是次要的。因為小學生學習英語的目的是培養學生學習英語的興趣和初步的英語聽說能力。英語課堂上是通過做游戲、搞活動、聽簡單的英語歌曲來學習英語。小學要求學生學英語的目的是能聽會說簡短的日常用語和用簡單的英語進行交際就很好了。但初中生的要求則不同，上到初中，學習英語的

49、目的更明確：要求初中生掌握英語聽、說、讀、寫的綜合運用能力；二、小學生在讀小學時還沒有學習英語國際音標，對記英語單詞的記憶造成了一定的困難和影響；三、學生還沒有一套行之有效的科學記憶方法。由于初中生存在以上幾種情況，所以他們覺得英語單詞難記，但初中學生英語單詞掌握的多少直接影響到學生學習英語的質量。學生要想記牢、記多英語單詞應結合以下方法來記單詞：一、在對話或短文中學習單詞，切忌死記硬背詞匯表單詞只有在句子中，才能賦予其生命力，才能體現明確的意義和用法，有助于更好的理解。 脫離詞匯賴以生存的土壤句子和文章而死記詞匯表，記憶難以持久，是學不好詞匯的。因為這只能學得單詞的個別意義，而不能對之總括了解，雖對閱讀有些幫 助，但很難把它準確地用于說寫中。比如說，一個學生在背得單詞happy有“高興”的意思后，在閱讀中能明白“i hope you are happy every day! ”的意思，但若要他把“我希望你天天快樂”這句話口頭或筆譯成英語時，他很可能會譯成“i hope you