1、精品文檔the passive voice一、被動語態的構成形式被動語態1.被動語態的基本時態變化1) am/is/are +done ( 過去分詞) 一般現在時 2） has /have been done 現在完成時3） am/is /are being done 現在進行時4） was/were done 一般過去時5） had been done 過去完成時6） was/were being done 過去進行時7） shall/will be done 一般將來時8） should/would be done 過去將來時2.被動語態的特殊結構形式1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情

2、態動詞be過去分詞。例 the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓 語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。例 his mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當“動詞 +賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中 的主語，其余不動。例 someone caught th

3、e boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為 the boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役動詞 have, make,let 以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式 to 要省略， 但變為被動結構時，要加 to。例 someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 a stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動

4、詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也 可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也 不能省略。例 the meeting is to be put off till friday.3.非謂語動詞的被動語態 ving形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態。例 i dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被動語態1.講話者不知道動作的執行者或不必說出動作的執行者(這時可省by 短語)。例 my bike was stolen last night. 精品文檔精品文檔2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執行者。例 i

5、 was given ten minutes to decide whether i should accept the offer.3.為了更好地安排句子。例 the well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了）三、 it is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如 believe, consider, expect, report,say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分

6、詞to do sth.”。有： it is said that 據說, it is reported that據報道， it is believed that 大家相信，it is hoped that大家希望， it is well known that 眾所周 it is thought that大家認為， it is suggested that據建議。四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時， 常用其主動形式 表達被動意

7、義,主語通常是物。例 this kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態則強調外界作用造成的 影響。試比較：the door wont lock （指門本身有毛?。﹖he door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人 的原因）2.表示“發生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 ho

8、w do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何印出來的呢？3.系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的系動詞feel, sound,精品文檔精品文檔taste, look, feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例 your reason sounds reasonable.五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義，在某些句型中可用動名詞和 不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在 need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例 the house needs repairing（t

9、o be repaired）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞 worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy 后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例 the picture-book is well worth reading （the picture-book is very be read）worthy to3.在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時這，時常用不定式的主動 形式表達被動意義。有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，int

10、eresting 等。例 this problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）. 4 在 too to結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。例 this book is too expensive (for me) to buy.被動語態練習及答案1、( ) 1 the peoples republic of china _ on october 1, 1949.a. found b. was founded c. is founded d. was found( ) 2 english

11、_ in canada.a. speaks b. are spoken c. is speaking d. is spoken( ) 3 this english song_ by the girls after class.a. often sings b. often sang c. is often sang d. is often sung( ) 4 this kind of car _ in japan.a, makes b. made c. is making d. is made精品文檔精品文檔( ) 5 new computers _ all over the world.a.

12、 is used b. are using c. are used d. have used2、 ( ) 1 our room must _ clean.a. keep b. be kept c. to be kept d. to keep( ) 2 -id like to buy that coat.-im sorry. _.a. it sold b. its selling c. its been sold d. it had been sold( ) 3 a new house _ at the corner of the road.a. is building b. is being

13、built c. been built d. be building( ) 4 the key _ on the table when i leave.a. was left b. will be left c. is left d. has been left( ) 5 doctors _ in every part of the world.a. need b. are needing c. are needed d. will need( ) 6 his new book_ next month.a. will be published b. is publishing c. is be

14、ing published d. has been published3( ) 1 japanese _ in every country.a. is not spoken b. are spoken c. is speaking d. is not speaking( ) 2 these papers_yet. a. have not written b. have not been written c. has not written d. has not been written( ) 3 the sports meet _ be held until next week.a. didn

15、t b. wont c. isnt d. doesnt4( ) 1 -my shoes are worn out.a. cant they be mended? b. let me have a look at it.c. how much do they cost? d. cant they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? i badly need it.a. does b. has c. is d . are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed?a. will b. are c. has d. do5( ) 1

16、why _ to talk about it yesterday?a. didnt a meeting hold b. wasnt a meeting heldc. wasnt held a meeting d. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 who was the book_?a. write b. wrote c. written d. written by( ) 3 where _ these boxes made?a. was b. were c. is d. am6( ) 1 the flowers _ often.a. must be water b. mus

17、t be watered c. must watered d. must water ( ) 2 the books may_ for two weeks.a. be kept b. be borrowed c. keep d. borrow( ) 3 the broken bike_ here by mr smith.a. can mend b. can mended c. can be mend d. can be mended精品文檔精品文檔7( ) 1 the old bridge in my hometown_ next month.a. is going to be rebuilt

18、 b. will rebuilt c. are going to be rebuiltd. are going to rebuilt ( ) 2 the play _ at the theatre next sunday.a. is going to be shown b. will shown c. will show d. is shown( ) 3 the old stone bridge _ next week.a. is going to be rebuilt b. will be rebuild c. are going to be rebuilt d. will rebuild

19、8( ) 1 now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.a. have kept b. are keeping c. have been keeping d. have been kept( ) 2 the pot _ for _ hot water.a. used; keeping b. was used; keeping c. is used; to keep d. are used; keep( ) 3 tea _ in the south of china.a. grows b. is grown c. were grown

20、 d. will grow( ) 4 the bridges_ two years ago.a. is built b. built c. were built d. was built( ) 5 wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.a. hang b. hanged c. hanging d. hung9( ) 1 the river smells terrible. people must _ dirty things into it.a. be stopped to throw b. be stopped fro

21、m throwing c. stop to throw d. stop from throwing( ) 2 the teapot _ water.a. is filled with b. filled of c. fulling of d. filled( ) 3 old people must be looked after well and _ politely.a. speak to b. spoken c. speak d. spoken to( ) 4 old people must _.a. look after well b. be looked well after c. l

22、ooked well after d. be looked after well 10( ) 1 newly-born babies_in hospital.a. are taken good care b. are taken good care of c. take good care of d. take good care( ) 2 they were_ at the sudden noise.a. frightening b. frightened c. frighten d. frightens( ) 3 these walls _ stone.a. are made of b.

23、made of. c. are made into d. made into11( ) 1 jane _ to sing us an american song last saturday.a. called b. was asked c. told d. was said( ) 2 the papers _ to them.a.were shown b. show c. shown / d. have shown( ) 3 the coat_her sister.a. made to b. were made for c. was made for d. was made to12精品文檔精

24、品文檔( ) 1 i _ five minutes to decide whether i should go or not.a. gave b. was giving c. had given d. was given( ) 2 good care_such things.a. should take of b. should be taken c. should be taking d. should be taken of( ) 3 she will_good care_.a. take; of b. be taken; of c. take; for you d. be taken;

25、of you13( ) 1 the teacher made him_ his homework.a. to do b. do c. did d. done( ) 2 the boy_ streets without pay in the old days.a. was made to clean b. made clean c. made to clean d. was made clean( ) 3 these children_dance.a. were seen to b. were seen for c. were seen d. saw to14( ) 1 these stones

26、_well.a. are fitted b. fit c. fits d. is fitted( ) 2 the bike _ 500 yuan.a. was cost b. costed c. cost d. is costed( ) 3 the important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.a. was had b. was held c. held d. had15( ) 1 great changes_ in the past ten years in china.a. took place b. have taken place c.

27、 were taking place d. had taken place( ) 2 you cant use the computer, it_.a. was broken down b. is wrong c. is bad d. has broken down( ) 3 great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.a. have happened b. happened c. have been happened d. were happened( ) 4 the watch has often _ down.a. sat

28、b. lain c. broken d. fell16( ) 1 please pass me another cup. this one_.a. is broken b. is breaking c. broke d. broken( ) 2 the story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.a. are written b. were writtenc. are writing d. were writing( ) 3 what time _ the door _ every day?a. does; closed b. does; close c. is; closed d. /; close17( ) 1 can he_ himself?a. get dress b. get dressed c. gets dressed d. instead of( ) 2 he fell from his bike an