口語大賽培訓教案（一）-現場描述（看圖說話）一、圖表描述應注意的問題1) 總趨勢的描述必須準確，要看出總的規律、趨勢，抓住特征。2）要突出重點,抓住圖表中的極端點。如：最大或最小、最多或最少、最好和最差。3）圖表往往提供大量數據，選手應該仔細觀察分析，從中選擇有效信息，圖表上資料、數據的描述必須選擇重點，不能事無巨細，一一列出。4）充分利用圖表中提供的文字或說明。同樣，圖表中沒有的信息不能憑主觀任意捏造。5）說明、描述圖表時應該注意動詞時態，屬于過去發生的應該用一般過去時，屬于經常發生的應該用一般現在時。6）句子結構要力求有變化，不要總是一個句型，尤其要注意分詞短語和其它小短語的穿插運用。7）應該熟練掌握一些固定句型和表達方式。并要將這些表達練熟，不要出錯。8）文章的結構應該規范。即：introduction, main body and conclusion三個部分。通常開頭30個字左右，中間100個字左右，結尾20到30個字。二、 圖標描述常識1、圖形種類及概述法數據圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 餅圖：pie chart 表格圖：table 直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram 趨勢曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram 流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序圖：processing/procedures diagram 圓柱圖：column chart 描述：Show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict 2、圖表中的數據（Data）具體表達法1）數據（Data）在某一個時間段固定不變：fixed in time在一系列的時間段中轉變：changes over time持續變化的data在不同情況下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up 減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave 穩定：remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的兩種表達法：動詞+副詞形式（Verb+Adverb form）形容詞+名詞形式（Adjective+Noun form）2）表示數據變化的單詞或者詞組rapid/rapidly迅速的，飛快的，險峻的dramatic/dramatically戲劇性的，生動的significant/significantly有意義的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply銳利的，明顯的，急劇的steep/steeply急劇升降的steady/steadily穩固的，堅定不移的gradual/gradually漸進的，逐漸的slow/slowly緩慢的，不活躍的slight/slightly輕微的、略微地stable/stably穩定的3）其它在描述中的常用到的詞significant changes圖中一些較大變化noticeable trend明顯趨勢during the same period在同一時期grow/grew增長distribute分布，區別unequally不相等地in the case of adv.在的情況下in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast相反，大不相同government policy政府政策market forces市場規率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，調節forecast n.先見，預見v.預測三、我們已經提過圖表作文可細分為表格、曲線圖、柱形圖和圓形圖。弄懂這四種圖在寫作方面的各自特點，我們才可以寫好這種類型的作文：1）表格形式要求考生對表格中所給出的大量數字進行比較分析，從中找出其變化規律。2）曲線圖形式要求考生認真觀察坐標系所顯示的數據信息，并且密切注意交匯在坐標橫軸和縱軸上的數字及單位。3）柱形圖形式要求考生通過寬度相等的柱形的高度或長度差別來判斷事物的動態發展趨勢，因此考生應密切關注坐標線上的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說明與文字。4）圓形圖形式旨在要求考生準確理解并闡述一個被分割成大小不等切片的圓形圖所傳達的信息。考生應清楚掌握部分與整體，部分與部分之間的相互關系，這種關系通常是以百分比的數字形式給出的。四、一些較常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, Figures/statistics shows (that). It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics Table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that)The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsTable/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how1. As is shown by the graph, （概述圖表）in the table.e.g. 正如曲線所示，最近54年來該國人口飛速增長。As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that （得出結論）shown graph; concluded figures; estimated statisticse.g. A. 從表中所給的統計數字可以看出，從1985年到1990年中國的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 從曲線圖可以得出結論，最近5年來中國人口的出生率已經大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3. amount to （數量總計）add up to come to sum up toe.g. 全部費用合計200美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. increase from to （數量增減） decrease /rise / fall /drope.g. A. 這個工廠生產的彩電已由1986年的5000臺增加到1990年的21000臺。The number of color TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose, grew, climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.參加者的人數增加到30萬。The number of participants grew up to persons = increased, reaching persons).C. 這個學校的教職工人數已減少到700人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5.（be）three times as + 形容詞 + as 總產量 total output 鋼的年產量 the annual output of e.g. 上升17% rise by 17per cent steel日產量 the daily output 導致產量下降 result in a diminished output 現在我們地區的糧食產量相當于1970年的3倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.Compared with , e.g. 與去年相比，今年13項主要產品的產量都有大幅度增長。Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.7.There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the rise/ has been sharp increase on the increase/ sudden decrease on the decline/ steady decline/ gradual fall/ slow drop/ slighte.g.最近幾年來這個地區的棉花產量有了迅速增長。The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.“結尾”段落中常用的句型：1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= In brief), 4. In conclusion, 5.As far as Im concerned, 6. To conclude , it seems clear that 至于說到我，我贊成前一種觀點。所以，我的結論是，只要我們堅持正確的東西，改正錯誤的東西，我們就一定能成功。As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the former view. Therefore, my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.五、英語圖表寫作套句精選1. The table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto該表格描述了在年之年間數量的變化。2. The bar chart illustrates that該柱狀圖展示了3. The graph provides some interesting data regarding該圖為我們提供了有關有趣數據。4. The diagram shows （that）該圖向我們展示了5.the pie graph depicts （that）該圓形圖揭示了6. This is a cure graph which describes the trend of這個曲線圖描述了的趨勢。7.the figures/statistics show （that）數據（字）表明8. The tree diagram reveals how該樹型圖向我們揭示了如何9.the data/statistics show （that）該數據（字）可以這樣理解10. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that這些數據資料令我們得出結論11. as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table如圖所示12. according to the chart/figures根據這些表（數字）13. As is shown in the table如表格所示14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in從圖中可以看出，發生了巨大變化。15. from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly thator it is clear/apparent from the chart that從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到16. This is a graph which illustrates這個圖表向我們展示了17. This table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto該表格描述了年到年間a與b的比例關系。18. the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in該圖以圓形圖形式描述了總的趨勢。19. This is a column chart showing這是個柱型圖，描述了20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了的波動情況。21. Over the period fromtotheremained level.在至期間，基本不變。22. In the year betweenand在年到期間23. in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 19981995年至1998三年里24. From then on/from this time onwards從那時起25.the number ofremained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的數量基本不變。26. The number sharply went up to數字急劇上升至27. The percentage ofstayed the same betweenand至期間的比率維持不變。28.the figures peaked atin（month/year）的數目在月（年）達到頂點，為29. The percentage remained steady at比率維持在30. The percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of的比例比的比例略高（低）。31. There is not a great deal of difference betweenand 與的區別不大。32. the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of該圖表表明的數目增長了三倍。33decreased year by year whileincreased steadily.逐年減少，而逐步上升。34.the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of %.的情況（局勢）到達頂（高）點，為百分點。35. The figures/situation bottomed out in 數字（情況）在達到底部。36. The figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 數字（情況）達到底部（低谷）。37. A is times as much/many as b.a是b的倍。38. A increased by a增長了39. A increased to a增長到40. high/low/great/small/ percentage 比低高（低）41. There is an upward trend in the number of 數字呈上升趨勢。42. A considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto到發生急劇上升。43. fromtothe rate of decrease slows down.從到，下降速率減慢。44.from this year on，there was a gradual decline reduction in the，reaching a figure of從這年起，逐漸下降至45. be similar to 與相似46. Be the same as 與相同47. There are a lot of similarities/differences betweenand與之間有許多相似（不同）之處48. a has something in common with b a于b有共同之處。49. The difference between a and b lies ina與b之間的差別在于50（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in 年急劇上升口語大賽培訓教案（二）-現場描述（看圖說話）一、圖表常用經典句子：圖表常用經典句子： 開頭： 1. As can be seen from the chart/graph/table. 2. It can be seen from the statistics that. 3. As revealed/shown/stated/noted in the picture. 4. The chart gives information that. 描述： 1. There was a rise/increase/upward trend from.to. 2. It has risen to an average of. 3. There was a fall/decrease/reduction/decline/drop/downward trend from.to. 4. It has fallen/dropped/declined to. 結論： 1. From the analyses above, we can draw the conclusion that. 2. From the data we gathered from the above graph, we can conclude that. 3. According to the information gathered above, we may reach the conclusion that. 4. According to what has been discussed above, we can arrive at the conclusion that. 5. The graph reflects that. 用于引言段的句子： 1. When asked about.the majority of people say. 2. Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of. 3. With the development of.great changes have taken place in. 4. There is a general discussion about. 5. Many people often ask this question. 6. There is no doubt that. 7. It is well-known/generally/said/argued/held that. 8. Some people argue/claim that. 用于擴展段的句子 1. There are several reasons for.but in general, they come down to three major ones 2. It can be easily proved that. 3. None can deny that. 4. There are many factors that may account for.but the following are the most typical ones 5. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective 6. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows 7. In many cases, however, there is something beyond our expectation, yet we can compare and contrast all the relevant factors and find a way out in between 8. We can take it for granted that. 提出與前面相反的觀點： 1. As a popular saying goes, “A coin has two sides. 2. But as most other things, it has its own problems. 3. However, it is not without shortcomings. 4. But things are changing from place to place/from time to time/from person to person, and nothing should be taken in isolation.5. Besides, we cant neglect the fact that. 6. In spite of the advantages, it also has its own disadvantages. 7. Different people have different views on. 8. When it comes to. 9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different. 10. The most striking difference is that A., while B. 提出自己的觀點： 1. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer. 2. As far as I am concerned. 3. While it is generally believed that.I argue that. 4. From my point of view. 5. In my opinion. 6. My view on it is as follows. 7. To tell you the truth. 用于結尾段的句子： 1. From/According to what has been discussed/analyzed above, we can draw/reach/come to/arrive at the conclusion that. 2. In a word/In brief/In conclusion. 3. It might be the time that some attention should be paid to. 4. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that. 5. It is high time that we put an end to the tendency of. 6. We must look for a immediate method/measure, if the current tendency is allowed to continue/proceed, it will surely/ certainly lead to/result in the heavy cost of. 7. No effective solution can be at hand to deal with the problem of.but the common/general recognition of the importance of.might be the first step towards. 8. There is no easy method to the problem of., but.might be helpful. 9. There is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of. 10. It is necessary that effective action should be taken to prevent the situation. 11. It remains to be seen whether.but the prospect is not encouraging. 12. To reverse the trend is not an easy job, and it requires a keen consciousness of.習題一：假如你是李華，在最近的研究性學習當中，受21世紀中學生英語報 （The 21st Century）之邀，你對你所在的班60名同學（男女各半）進行了上網目的的調查。現將調查結果（如下表所示）用英語給報社的編輯寫一封信，報道此事，以引起輿論的關注，并提出你的觀點和建議。習題二：下列表格為某市1996年與2006年人們度假方式的情況比較，請按表格內容寫一篇150詞左右的短文，并對度假方式變化原因加以簡要評析。年度19962006原因境外旅游11%22%收入增加海邊度假38%31%海水污染爬山野營11%34%回歸自然習題一：I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet. The girls favorite is chatting, but few boys like it. What the boys like to do most is playing games and the girls also like it. Both boys and girls like to read news or send e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think its the most convenient way to get information from keeping in touch with friends. As for studying, the numbers of boys and girls are equal, but altogether only several of them will use the Internet as a tool to study.In my opinion, useful as the Internet is, the students had better make better and wise use of it. Otherwise, its impossible for us to benefit from it. Moreover, I also hope the parents will pay enough attention to their children using the Internet in their spare time.習題二：The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1996 to 2006.The table shows that a greater number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad in 2006. The rate of 2006 (22%) doubled that of 1996 (11%). W