grammar usage unit1 nounclauses名詞性從句 一 名詞性從句概述 名詞性從句相當于一個名詞 可以在復合句中充當主語 賓語 表語和同位語 相應地稱為主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句和同位語從句 whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 主語從句 ithink that heisright 賓語從句 thatiswherehewasborn 表語從句 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 同位語從句 二 名詞性從句的構成 1 陳述型 由陳述句轉化而來 由that引導 在表語從句 賓語從句中可以省略 heisright ithinkso ithink that heisright 2 一般疑問型 由一般疑問句轉化而來 由whether if引導 但if只用于賓語從句 willitraintomorrow idon tknow idon tknowwhether ifitwillraintomorrow 3 特殊疑問型 由特殊疑問句轉化而來 引導詞即為它們的特殊疑問詞 whenwilltheystart ithasnotbeendecidedyet whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 共同特點 全部用陳述句語序 三 名詞性從句的分類 一 主語從句 1 主語從句在復合句中從當主語 2 連接詞 that whether是否 連接代詞who 誰 what which 哪一個 連接副詞when 何時 的時候 where 何地 的地方 how 如何 why 為什么 的原因 等 thatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeopleisafact that不做成分 只起連接作用 不可省 whatweneedismoretime whowillgothereisnotimportant 3 主語從句放在句首時 句子顯得笨重 可以用it作形式主語 thatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeopleisafact itisafactthatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeople 4 主語從句不可位于句首的幾種情況 1 itdoesn tmatterhow whether itdoesn tmatterwhetherhelikesornot 2 itissaid reported that itissaidthatwewillhaveanexamnextweek 3 ithappens occurstosb that ithappenstohimthathehasforgottentolockthedoor 二 賓語從句1 賓語從句在復合句中充當賓語 2 連接詞 that 一般可省 whether if連接代詞who what which連接副詞when where how why等 3 作賓語的幾種情況 1 作動詞的賓語iwish that shecouldunderstandme ithink that heisright 2 作介詞的賓語whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwecooperate 注 介詞后的賓語從句不能由that引導 但在in execpt后可由that引導 theproblemliesinthatthemistmaybecomeathickfog 介詞后的賓語從句由whether引導 不用if wetalkedaboutwhetherwewouldbuythetv 3 作形容詞的賓語iamafraidthatihavemadeamistake 4 it作形式賓語hehasmadeitclearthathewon tagreetotheplan 他說得很清楚 他不會同意這個計劃的 三 表語從句1 表語從句在復合句中充當系動詞的表語 2 系動詞 be look remain seem appear等 3 連接詞 that 一般可省 whether asif連接代詞who what which連接副詞when where how why等 itseemsthat asifitisgoingtorain thisiswhyjackgotscolded 這就是杰克受訓斥的原因 thatiswherehewasborn 那就是他出生的地方 常用結構 thereason isthat 不用because it this that isbeacuse thereason whyhedidn tcome isthatheisill iwaslateforschool thatisbecauseigotuplatethismorning 四 同位語從句1 同位語從句在復合句中充當同位語 對名詞作進一步的解釋 說明名詞的具體內容 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 2 能接同位語從句的名詞有 idea news fact promise doubt belief hope rumour suggestion information conclusion evidence problem order decision explanation opinion等 3 同位語從句一般由that引導 that在從句中不做成分 不可省略 有時也可以用whether if what which who when where why how引導 theyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain youhavenoideahowworriediwas 你不知道我是多么地擔心 thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome 注 有時同位語從句 可以不跟在它所說明的名詞的后面 而是被別的詞隔開 anideacametohermindthatshemightgoshoppingthisafternoon 4 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 從語法的角度 定語從句的that既代替先行詞 又在從句中作成分 主語 賓語 表語 that作賓語時 可以省略 而同位語從句的that只起連接主從句的作用 不充當任何成分 且不可省 itisafactthathehasdoneherbest itisafact thatwehaveheard 從語義的角度 定語從句相當于形容詞 與先行詞是所屬關系 而同位語從句相當于名詞 等同于前面的名詞 是同位關系 對名詞作補充說明 定語從句中的先行詞可以是表示抽象概念或具體概念的詞 而同位語從句中的名詞表示抽象概念的詞 1 ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem yes itcouldbe iwonder wecandoaboutit a ifb howc whatd that2 isnopossibility bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch a there thatb it whatc there whetherd it whether 3 acomputercanonlydo youhaveinstructedittodo a howb afterc whatd when4 canyoutellme a whoisthatgentlemanb thatgentlemaniswhoc whothatgentlemanisd whomisthatgentleman 5 hedidn tknowwhichroom a theylivedb theylivedinc didtheylived didtheylivein6 togetthejobstarted ineedisfromhere a whichb c whatd that 7 insomecountries iscalled equality doesn treallymeanequalrightsforallpeople a whichb whatc thatd one8 goandgetyourcoat it s youleftit a thereb wherec therewhered wherethere 9 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness a whatb whoc thatd whether10 thereason iplantogois shewillbedisappointed idon t a why because whenb why that ifc because that ifd why that whether 11 canidowithasituation take measureyouconsiderbest how whicheverb what whateverc how whateverd what whichever12 shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn tdecided togoornot a what ifb that whetherc what whetherd whether what 13 hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich a thatb ifc whatd thatif14 wouldliketodevotehiswholelifetohiscountryshouldgo thereareallkindsofdifficulties a who somewhereb whoever wherec whatever anywhered who there 15 canisitinthefrontrow yes youcantake seatyoulike a whateverb whatc whicheverd which16 theylosttheirwayintheforestand mademattersworsewas nightbegantofal