十五、倒裝句類 型情 況例 句部分倒裝（部分倒裝是把be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞放到主語之前。如果句子中沒有這些詞,要在主語之前加助動詞do/does /did等,而把原來的謂語動詞變成原形放在主語之后。）句首狀語為否定詞或半否定詞的句子。這類詞或短語主要有never, neither, nor, little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner, not only,in no way,at no time,few, not,no等Not a word did I say to him.Never have I found him so happy.Little does he care about what I said.I cant swim. Neither can he. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed when he fell asleep.only+狀語放在句首,要部分倒裝Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介詞短語)Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副詞)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (從句)注意:如果only后面不是狀語,則不用倒裝。OnlyWang Ling knows this.so或so引導(dǎo)的短語放在句首,要部分倒裝I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝“Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.但not only.but also.連接主語時,不倒裝。Not only the mother but also the children are sick.Not until放在句首,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (簡單句)Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (復(fù)合句)as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Proud as these nobles are, hes afraid to see me.Tired as he was, he kept on running.Tired though he was, he kept on running.=Though he was tired,he kept on runningChild as he is,he knows a lot.(注意：child前沒有冠詞a)在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語含有were,had 和should這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里May you succeed!完全倒裝There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動詞的動詞有:exist, seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand等There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.“Here,There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主語” 結(jié)構(gòu)說明:本句型中there是副詞,應(yīng)重讀,強調(diào)地點。而前一句型中的there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身沒意義Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.除了then引導(dǎo)的句子用過去式以外,其余的均用一般現(xiàn)在時,表示一種生動的描述。其次,如果主語是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。Here you are.There she comes.表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。In came Mr White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy. 表示地點的介詞短語 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)放在句首時,要全部倒裝On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.其它形式的完全倒裝Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.（形容詞短語）Such was the story he told me.（代詞）East of the city lies a new railway. (副詞短語)First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building. (不定式短語)Gone a