1 附錄 A 四 工位組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)與研制 摘要 摘要：本文介紹了一種用于加工載重汽車(chē)輪轂的單面立式 30 軸鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸組合機(jī)床，以及機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)方法、結(jié)構(gòu)、性能特點(diǎn)和使用操作等。 關(guān)鍵詞：組合機(jī)床 ;輪轂 ;設(shè)計(jì) ;研制 四工位組合機(jī)床用于對(duì)載重汽車(chē)前、中后輪轂 10-27+0.033孔的鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸加工。此類(lèi)機(jī)床過(guò)去已有的設(shè)備相對(duì)落后，電氣系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)及機(jī)床主要部件相對(duì)過(guò)時(shí)和陳舊。本文介紹的組合機(jī)床有較先進(jìn)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)，機(jī)床的運(yùn)行采用三菱可編程控制器程序控制，程序可根據(jù)加工流程圖進(jìn)行調(diào)整，變成方便靈活。它集粗鉆、擴(kuò)加工和精鉸加用于一身，自成體系地形成一條圓形加工流水線(xiàn)。該設(shè)備占地面積小，加工精度高，性能穩(wěn)定可靠，是汽車(chē)制造工廠加工輪轂不可多得的設(shè)備。它是由專(zhuān)用底座，專(zhuān)用主軸箱，專(zhuān)用夾具及鉆模板， THL86 立柱， HY80系列滑臺(tái)及 TD80A動(dòng)力頭， AHY125A回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)等組 成。 組合機(jī)床的技術(shù)發(fā)展 1.1 組合機(jī)床 組合機(jī)床是一種專(zhuān)用高效自動(dòng)化技術(shù)裝備，目前，由于它仍是大批量機(jī)械產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)高效、高質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)性生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車(chē)、拖拉機(jī)、內(nèi)燃機(jī)和壓縮機(jī)等許多工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域。所以說(shuō)組合機(jī)床的技術(shù)性能和綜合自動(dòng)化水平，在很大程度上決定了這些工業(yè)部門(mén)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)效率、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)組織的結(jié)構(gòu)，也很大程度上決定了企業(yè)產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 現(xiàn)在組合機(jī)床作為機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，它是控制、驅(qū)動(dòng)、測(cè)量、監(jiān)控、刀具和機(jī)械組建等技術(shù)的綜合反映。近 年來(lái)，這些技術(shù)有長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步，同時(shí)作為組合 機(jī)床組要用戶(hù)的汽車(chē)和內(nèi)燃機(jī)等行業(yè)也有很大的變化，其產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)壽命不斷縮短，品種日益增多且質(zhì)量不斷提高。這些因素有力地推動(dòng)和激勵(lì) 2 了組合機(jī)床的不斷發(fā)展。 1.2 組合機(jī)床品種的發(fā)展 在組合機(jī)床這類(lèi)專(zhuān)用機(jī)床中 ,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線(xiàn)占有很重要的地位。因?yàn)檫@兩類(lèi)機(jī)床可以把工件的許多加工工序分配到多個(gè)加工工位上 ,并同時(shí)能從多個(gè)方向?qū)ぜ膸讉€(gè)面進(jìn)行加工 ,此外 ,還可以通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)位夾具 (在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)機(jī)床上 ) 或通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)位、翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置 (在自動(dòng)線(xiàn)上 ) 實(shí)現(xiàn)工件的五面加工或全部加工 ,因而具有很高的自動(dòng)化程度和生產(chǎn)效率 ,被汽車(chē)、摩托 車(chē)和壓縮機(jī)等工業(yè)部門(mén)所采用。 根據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料 ,德國(guó)在 1990 1992 年期間 ,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線(xiàn)的產(chǎn)量約各占組合機(jī)床總數(shù)的 50 % 左右。應(yīng)指出 ,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床實(shí)際上是一種特殊型式的小型自動(dòng)線(xiàn) , 適合于加工輪廓尺寸 250mm 的中小件。與自動(dòng)線(xiàn)相比 , 在加工同一種工件的情況下 ,回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機(jī)床所占作業(yè)面積要比自動(dòng)線(xiàn)約小 2/ 3 。 1.3 組合機(jī)床柔性化進(jìn)展迅速 十多年來(lái) ,作為組合機(jī)床重要用戶(hù)的汽車(chē)工業(yè) ,為迎合人們個(gè)性化需求 ,汽車(chē)變型品種日益增多 ,以多品種展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已成為汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)競(jìng) 爭(zhēng)的特點(diǎn)之一 ,這使組合機(jī)床制造業(yè)面臨著變型多品種生產(chǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)。為適應(yīng)多品種生產(chǎn) ,傳統(tǒng)以加工單一品種的剛性組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線(xiàn)必須提高其柔性。在 70 年代 ,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的可靠性有了很大的提高 ,故到 70 年代末和 80 年代初 ,像 Alfing 、 Hller2 的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性曲線(xiàn)。由于電液比例閥控制系統(tǒng) Hille 和 Ex2cell2o 等公司相繼開(kāi)發(fā)出數(shù)控加工模塊和柔性自動(dòng)線(xiàn) (F TL) ,從此數(shù)控組合機(jī)床和柔性自動(dòng)線(xiàn)逐年增多。在 1988 年至 1992 年間 ,日本組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線(xiàn) (包括部分其它形式的專(zhuān)用機(jī)床 ) 產(chǎn)量的數(shù)控化率已達(dá) 32 % 39 % , 產(chǎn)值數(shù)控比率達(dá) 35 % 51 % ; 德國(guó)組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線(xiàn)產(chǎn)量的數(shù)控化，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)變型品種日益增多的趨向率為18 % 62 % , 產(chǎn)值數(shù)控化率達(dá) 45 % 66 % 四工位組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì) 3 .1 工藝方案的確定 組合機(jī)床是針對(duì)某種零件或某道工工序而設(shè)計(jì)的，工藝方案又是組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵，它是根據(jù)被加工零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、加工部位、加工的尺寸精度、粗糙度以及其他技術(shù)要求來(lái)確定設(shè)計(jì)的。 被加工件是汽車(chē)輪轂零件，在前道立車(chē)工序上已加工出 280-0.1的定位圓，要求在 375 的圓周面上加工出 10 個(gè) 27+0.033的孔，其位置公差為 0 0.12，粗糙度為 3.2。根據(jù)以上要求，工藝方案應(yīng)確定粗精加工分開(kāi)進(jìn)行，即先鉆 25的孔，然后擴(kuò)孔到 26.6，再精餃孔到 27，考慮到零件的加工精度和工序集中原則，粗精加工合并成一道工序在一臺(tái)機(jī)床上進(jìn)行。由此確定機(jī)床的鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸三個(gè)工位，加之裝卸工件工位，故命名為四工位組合機(jī)床。 .2 配置型式及其結(jié)構(gòu)方案 機(jī)床的配置型式主要取決于被加工零件的加工精度和工藝方案，既要考慮能實(shí)現(xiàn)工藝方案以保證零件的加工精度、技術(shù)要求和生產(chǎn)效率；又要考慮操作方便，易于維 修，冷卻和排屑情況良好。該機(jī)床的配置型式屬于大型組合機(jī)床，總重量約為 21t，總功率 17.5kW四套專(zhuān)用夾具安裝在直徑 1250m 的回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)上，形成四個(gè)工位，與之對(duì)應(yīng)的立柱上安裝 HY80標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滑臺(tái)，滑臺(tái)上安裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)力頭和專(zhuān)用主軸箱，主軸箱的加工中心與回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)的回轉(zhuǎn)中心對(duì)中，成垂直立式布局。裝卸工件和加工工件可同時(shí)進(jìn)行，互不干擾，既機(jī)床的切削時(shí)間和輔助時(shí)間重合，從而提高機(jī)床的工作效率。 組合機(jī)床的主要組成部分 .1 床身 床身部件必須有足夠的承載能力和足夠的剛度動(dòng)態(tài)性能及過(guò)載儲(chǔ)備稀疏，以保證各部件之間能長(zhǎng) 期保持其正確的相對(duì)位置。組合機(jī)床的剛度和部件之間的精度保持性要由床身部件來(lái)保證。本機(jī)床的床身不見(jiàn)主要由回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)底座、立座底座、立柱和立柱墊等構(gòu)成。它們起著組合機(jī)床的基礎(chǔ)骨架作用。床身部件包括配重在內(nèi)的重量達(dá)組合機(jī)床總重量的 70%以上，因而具有良好 4 的剛性和抗振性能，為保證機(jī)床的加工精度奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 .2 滑臺(tái) 滑臺(tái)之用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力部件，它主要由滑臺(tái)，滑臺(tái)座和液壓油缸三部分組成。滑臺(tái)座固定在立柱上，液壓油缸體固定在滑座上，活塞桿與滑臺(tái)相互連接，工作時(shí)，液壓油缸固定，活塞桿帶著滑臺(tái)在滑座的導(dǎo)軌上作往返運(yùn)動(dòng)。本機(jī)床液壓滑臺(tái)屬于大型滑臺(tái)，有足夠的能量?jī)?chǔ)備。滑臺(tái)的工作有快進(jìn)、共進(jìn)和快退三種狀態(tài)。其動(dòng)作是由電氣系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)共同控制的。在滑臺(tái)上安裝有動(dòng)力頭和主軸箱，滑臺(tái)頂部裝有鋼絲繩滑輪組，另一端在立柱中裝有配重塊，目的是使滑臺(tái)在滑座上移動(dòng)輕便，并可防止滑臺(tái)端過(guò)重而下滑。 .3 動(dòng)力頭及主軸箱 動(dòng)力頭是主軸運(yùn)動(dòng)的驅(qū) 動(dòng)裝置，它帶動(dòng)主軸箱的各個(gè)輸出主軸使刀具作主體運(yùn)動(dòng)。本機(jī)床鉆、擴(kuò)、餃孔刀具直徑分別為 25mm、 26.6mm和 27mm，被加工零件材料為 35CrMoV，硬度 HRC28 32， 考慮到扭矩儲(chǔ)備系數(shù)，機(jī)床采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) TD80A 型動(dòng)力頭，主電機(jī)為 15KW。轉(zhuǎn)速為 970r/min，輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速為 475r/min。主軸箱是組合機(jī)床重要部件之一，其作用是根據(jù)被加工件的加工要求，安排各主軸的位置，并將電機(jī)的動(dòng)力按不同的轉(zhuǎn)速比輸出分配給各工作主軸，使主軸得到要求的轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)向，以滿(mǎn)足對(duì)零件的加工。主軸箱主軸的排列根據(jù)被加工零件的工藝要 求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，并與回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)上的夾具工位向?qū)?yīng)，主軸箱的傳動(dòng)齒輪及傳動(dòng)軸可選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。 .4 主軸及鉆模板 主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)取決于零件的加工工藝以及主軸的受力情況。對(duì)于鉆削加工的主軸，受軸向切削力較大，應(yīng)采用推力球軸承或滾錐軸承定位。主軸與刀具的連接方式采用莫氏 3#導(dǎo)向套接桿，刀具的長(zhǎng)短比例可視加工情況調(diào)整接桿。用于鉆、擴(kuò)孔加工的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速為 175r/min。切削速度 V=13.7m/min,進(jìn)刀量 S=0.17mm/r.鉸孔加工的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速為 50r/min，切削速度 V=4.24m/min，進(jìn) 5 刀量 S=0.6mm/r，進(jìn)刀速 度 Sv=30mm/min。 鉆模板主要起對(duì)刀具的輔助定位作用，防止刀具在加工時(shí)擺動(dòng)，從而提高被加工件的精度。 .5 回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái) 回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)是多工位組合機(jī)床的輸送部件。本機(jī)床的回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)分四個(gè)工位， 1 工位用于裝、卸工件， 2.3.4 分別是鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸工位。回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)作單方向的回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于一條圓形自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)，其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，生產(chǎn)效率高，可以方便的實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣自動(dòng)控制。該機(jī)床是齒盤(pán)定位回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)，其主要組成有：花盤(pán)、工作臺(tái)體、多齒定位盤(pán)、集屑槽、呼吸器、卡緊油缸、活塞、轉(zhuǎn)位齒輪、轉(zhuǎn)位離合器、液壓閥、轉(zhuǎn)位齒條等。回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái) 的齒盤(pán)是圓周分布的一對(duì)相互嚙合的端面齒輪，靠圓周多齒嚙合定位，具有定位精度高和剛性好的特點(diǎn)，所以在轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)上無(wú)論徑向力、軸向力或切向力，都可以起到自動(dòng)定心的作用。 .6 夾具 夾具使用來(lái)防止并固定被加工零件的。正確選擇加工用定位基準(zhǔn)是確保加工精度的重要條件。夾具的尺寸精度和安裝精度的高低直接影響到零件的加工精度，本機(jī)床共有四套尺寸相同的夾具，均布在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)上并與回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)中心形成同心圓流水線(xiàn)。夾具主要有四個(gè)夾具體、定位圈、夾緊油缸等組成。每套夾具有四個(gè)夾緊油缸，等分固定在夾具體的四個(gè)方向上，夾緊工件時(shí)受力均衡， 防止零件變形。定位圈時(shí)夾具的關(guān)鍵部件，必須使四套夾具的定位圈尺寸公差相一致，而且四套夾具的回轉(zhuǎn)中心與回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)的回轉(zhuǎn)中心也應(yīng)絕對(duì)重合，才能保證零件的加工精度。 .7 液壓系統(tǒng) 機(jī)床的液壓系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)于人體的血液喜歡系統(tǒng)，被加工零件的夾緊、放松，工作臺(tái)的抬起、旋轉(zhuǎn)和落下，動(dòng)力頭滑臺(tái)的快進(jìn)、共進(jìn)和快退等都是靠液壓系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。液壓系統(tǒng)主要由液壓站集中控制，液壓電機(jī)為 22KW，液壓泵為變量葉片泵，滑臺(tái)的動(dòng)作是由一個(gè)三位五通電磁閥和調(diào)速閥來(lái)控制。回轉(zhuǎn)工 6 作臺(tái)的抬起、落下、回轉(zhuǎn)和復(fù)位，以及工件的夾緊和放松，主要由三個(gè)兩位四 通電磁閥來(lái)控制。另外專(zhuān)設(shè)一路由程序控制的對(duì)液壓滑臺(tái)自動(dòng)定時(shí)潤(rùn)滑。 .8 電氣系統(tǒng) 本機(jī)床采用 F1-60MR 三菱可編程控制器作為中央控制樞紐。它是由中、大規(guī)模集成電路組成，具有強(qiáng)大的邏輯控制功能和邏輯存儲(chǔ)功能，響應(yīng)速度快，功耗小，體積小，受命小，可靠性高，通用性強(qiáng)，可不受條件限制地對(duì)程序進(jìn)行在線(xiàn)編程、調(diào)試和修改。它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)程序的自我診斷和故障檢測(cè)，可進(jìn)行邏輯運(yùn)算和編程的控制，定時(shí)和計(jì)數(shù)的控制，可以容易地實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)、電、液一體化。電氣系統(tǒng)的交流在、輸出控制主要有主軸電機(jī)，液壓電機(jī)，冷卻電機(jī)。直流輸出主要控制液壓站的十路電磁閥。 電氣系統(tǒng)的硬件主要有可編程控制器、變壓器、接觸器、操縱按鈕和保險(xiǎn)器、整流二極管和續(xù)流二極管 、以及行程開(kāi)關(guān)等組成；軟件主要包括主程序，同時(shí)有為程序服務(wù)的各個(gè)期間的輸入輸出地址標(biāo)和程序梯形圖等。 機(jī)床的操作分調(diào)整和自動(dòng)兩種方式，調(diào)整方式為手動(dòng)控制機(jī)床的單步操作；自動(dòng)方式由程序控制按加工流程圖實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)循環(huán)。 .9 冷卻系統(tǒng) 機(jī)床外部設(shè)有專(zhuān)用的帶腳輪的冷卻箱，便于維修和清理，冷卻泵電機(jī)為0.12KW。容量為 50L/min，冷卻水到達(dá)鉆模板后分成三路，每一路有 10個(gè)導(dǎo)向水嘴，對(duì)應(yīng)于 10 把刀具，俄有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)刀具的冷卻。冷卻泵在滑臺(tái)工進(jìn)時(shí)由程序控制自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，實(shí)施對(duì)被加工工件的冷卻，工進(jìn)到終點(diǎn)時(shí)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。 4 組合機(jī)床的安裝調(diào)試及精度檢驗(yàn) 在組裝過(guò)程中始終貫穿著對(duì)系統(tǒng)部件的不斷調(diào)試，以及對(duì)影響加工尺寸的主要部件的自身精度和結(jié)合精度進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試是根據(jù)各個(gè)系統(tǒng)的要求和機(jī)床工作循環(huán)圖的要求來(lái)對(duì)電氣系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)系統(tǒng)自身和相互之間進(jìn)行有關(guān)調(diào)整。 對(duì)主要部件自身精度和結(jié)合精度進(jìn)行調(diào)整是指以下幾個(gè)方面： 7 （ 1）機(jī)床側(cè)底座、立柱底座的安裝水平。 （ 2）機(jī)床側(cè)底座、立柱底座、機(jī)床導(dǎo)軌的扭曲。 （ 3）主軸孔軸線(xiàn)的徑向跳動(dòng)。 （ 4）主軸孔軸線(xiàn)對(duì)機(jī)床導(dǎo)軌的平行度。 （ 5）夾具襯套孔軸線(xiàn)或樣件孔軸線(xiàn)對(duì)導(dǎo)軌的平 行度。 （ 6）主軸和夾具襯套孔或樣件孔對(duì)導(dǎo)軌的等距度。 （ 7）回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)的回轉(zhuǎn)中心與主軸箱的加工中心的同軸度。 5 試車(chē) 當(dāng)工件狀態(tài)旋鈕開(kāi)關(guān)置于“調(diào)整”位置時(shí)，操作各按鈕如夾緊、放松、前進(jìn)、后退等，可進(jìn)行機(jī)床的單步動(dòng)作，此功能主要用于機(jī)床試運(yùn)行或刀具的調(diào)整等。當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)置于“自動(dòng)”狀態(tài)時(shí)，機(jī)床的動(dòng)作完全由程序自動(dòng)進(jìn)行控制，每次裝卸完工件后，只需按“夾緊”、“抬起”按鈕，機(jī)床就會(huì)自動(dòng)循環(huán)、周而復(fù)始的工作下去，直到按“停止”按鈕為止，此功能主要用于對(duì)零件的自動(dòng)加工。 經(jīng)試車(chē)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一切正常，并對(duì)零件進(jìn)行了加工試切驗(yàn)證， 經(jīng)過(guò)機(jī)械工業(yè)部第十七計(jì)測(cè)試中心檢測(cè)，尺寸公差及精度符合零件圖紙的技術(shù)要求。 6 本組合機(jī)床特點(diǎn) (1)機(jī)床上的通用部件和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件約占機(jī)床零部件總量的 以上，因此設(shè)計(jì)和制造的周期短，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好。 (2)機(jī)床采用專(zhuān)用的夾具、刀具及鉆模板，一次性調(diào)整后，其加工質(zhì)量全靠工藝裝備來(lái)保證，對(duì)操作人員的技術(shù)水平要求不高，且勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度低。 (3)該設(shè)備占地面積小，加工精度高，性能穩(wěn)定可靠，是汽車(chē)制造廠加工輪轂的專(zhuān) 用設(shè)備。 (4)機(jī)床有鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸及裝卸四個(gè)工位，裝卸及加工同步進(jìn)行，因此機(jī)床的生產(chǎn)效率高，每小時(shí)可加工零件 件以上，加工質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。 8 (5)機(jī)床采用可編程控制程序控制，因而自動(dòng)化程度高，且機(jī)床的動(dòng)作在不改變電氣線(xiàn)路的情況下可在線(xiàn)編制程序，隨機(jī)調(diào)整。 附錄 B Design and reseach of four engineering location association lathes17 ABSTRACT Abstract:This text introduce one is it process form , truck of hub vertical 30 axle get into , expand , cut with scissors and make the lathe up to use for, And lathe design method , structure , performance characteristic and uses and operates etc.ing. Keywords: Combination machine； Hub Design； Reseach Preface Four worker location association lathe use for10-27+0.033 to drill , hub of hole under truck , expand , cutting with scissors processing. This kind of existing equipment in the past of lathe lagged behind relatively, electric system , hydraulic pressure system and main part of lathe were relatively out of date and outmoded. Association lathe that this text introduce have more advanced electric control system and hydraulic pressure system, the operation of the lathe adopts Mitsubishis programmable controller procedure to control, the procedure can adjust according to processing the flow chart , become convenient and flexible. It is thick to bore , is it process and not precise to is it is it is it all over , afford to establish ones own system to used in to add to cut with scissors to expand for it 9 to collect. This equipment is small in floor space, the machining accuracy is high, it is reliable that performance is steady, it is the manufacturing plant of the automobile that processes the equipment with rare hub. It is by the special-purpose base , special-purpose main shaft case, special-purpose jig and boring the template , THL86 post, HY80 serial slippery platform and TD80A power head, AHY125A turn round workingbench ,etc. make up. 1. Make the technical development of the lathe up 1.1 Association lathe It is the automatic technical equipment of a kind of special-purpose university to make the lathe up, At present. Because it is still the key equipment that the engineering goods in enormous quantities were realized high-efficiently , the high quality and economy produced, Widely used in such a lot of industry production fields as the automobile , tractor , internal-combustion engine and compressor ,etc. So say that makes the technical feature of the lathe and comprehensive automation level up , determine these industrial department production efficiency , product quality and enterprise of product produce the structure organized to a great extent, have determined the competitiveness of the enterprise products to a great extent too. Make the lathe up as the integrated products of electromechanics now, It controls, urges, measures, control, the comprehensive reflection of technology that the cutter and machinery are set up ,etc. The past 20 years, Technology the make considerable progress, at the same time as make up lathe group want automobile and internal-combustion engine of user trade change a great deal too, Its life-span of product market is shortening constantly, the variety increases day by day and quality is being improved constantly. These factors have promoted and encouraged making the constant development of the lathe up effectively. Make the development of the variety of lathe up 10 In making the lathe up this kind of special-purpose lathe , Turning round type many workers location association lathes and transfer machine occupy very important status. Because two lathe these can is it get a lot of location , Engineer of processing , have to assign a lot of processing process of work piece, and can process several of the work piece from a lot of directions at the same time , In addition, Can also through transfer to location jig (turn workingbench round at the lathe ) or through transfer to location , upset device (at transfer machine ) realize 5 processing or processing of work piece, Therefore have very high automatic degree and production efficiency , is adopted by such industrial departments as the automobile , motorcycle and compressor ,etc. According to relevant statistical data, Germany is here 1990-1992 During annual ,Person who turn round many worker location association lathe and output of transfer machine is it is it make about 50 , lathe of total amount up to take each to invite. Should point out , Turning round type many workers location association lathes are a small-scale transfer machine of a kind of special pattern in fact, Suited to processing medium and small one of the size 250mm of outline. Compared with transfer machine, In case of processing the same kind of work pieces, person who turn round many worker location association lathe account for homework area invite than transfer machine 2/ 3little. Make the flexibility progress of the lathe up rapidly During the last ten years, Regarded as the auto industry which makes important users of the lathe up , In order to cater to individualized demands of people, Automobile person who become variety increases day by day, Is it become characteristic , automobile of market competition one of already to compete with many variety, This is it make up lathe manufacturing industry face many variety challenge of production of becoming etc. to make. In order to adapt to many variety production, With process single rigidity of variety make up the lathe and 11 transfer machine must raise his flexibility tradition. In the 1970s, the dependability of the numerical control system was improved a lot, So with the beginning of the eighties by the end of the seventies, like Alfing , H Movement characteristic curve of ller2. Because electric liquid proportion valve control system Hille and Ex2cell2o ,etc. company develop numerical control process module and flexible transfer machine in succession (F TL), Numerical control made the lathe and flexible transfer machine up and increased year by year from then on. Between 1988 and 1992, Japan made the lathe and transfer machine (the special-purpose lathe including some other forms ) up the numerical control rate of the output has already reached 32- 39, The numerical control rate of output value reaches 35- 51; Germany make lathe and numerical control , transfer machine of output up, engine for 18 - 62 trend rate that variety increase day by day of becoming etc., the numerical control rate of output value is up to 45 %-66 % 2 The designs of four engineering location association lathes 2.1 Sureness of a craft scheme Make up lathe to a certain part or some Engineer process and design, The craft scheme is the key to making the lathe up to design, It according to process into structure characteristic of part , process position , size precision , roughness and other specification requirement that process is it is it design to confirm to come. It is an automobile hub to process one .In before whether dish set up car the processes last 280-0.1localization round already, Require that processes the hole of 10 times 27+0.033 on circumference one of 375, The persons on a public errand of its position are 0-0. 12, The roughness is 3. 2. Craft scheme should confirm crude finish machining goes on separately , Namely get into 25 hole first, then reaming reach 26. 6, precise dumpling hole reach 27, Consider the machining accuracy and process of the part concentrate the principle , thick finish machining 12 is amalgamated a process is carried on on a lathe. Therefore confirm drill of lathe , expand , cut with scissors three worker person, in addition worker of loading and unloading work piece location, so named four engineering location association lathes . 2.2 Dispose the pattern and structure scheme The disposition pattern of the lathe depends on the machining accuracy of the part and craft scheme processed mainly, Should consider that can realize the craft scheme soes as to ensure the machining accuracy , specification requirement and production efficiency of the part ; And also it is easy to operate to consider, easy to maintain, cool and arrange the bits in sound conditionly . The disposition pattern of this lathe belongs to and makes the lathe up large-scaly, Total weight is about 21t, total power 17. 5kW Four sets of special-purpose jigs are installed on the gyration workingbench of diameter 1250m, Form four pieces of engineering location , Install HY80 standard slippery platform with its corresponding post, Install the standard power head and special-purpose main shaft case on the slippery platform, Gyration centre on and cant turn machining center , main shaft of case round workingbench of to in, become the vertical vertical overall arrangement. Loading and unload the work piece and processing the work piece can go on at the same time , does not interfere each other, Already cutting time and auxiliary time of the lathe has been coincident, thus improve the working efficiency of the lathe . 3.Make the main component of the lathe up 3.1 Lathe bed The lathe bed part must be enough bearing capacity and enough dynamic performance of rigidity and overload and store sparsly, so as to ensure that can keep its correct relative position for a long time between every part. Make up rigidity and precision keeping of part of lathe guarantee by the lathe bed part 13 Lathe this lathe bed is it turn workingbench base round , set up of base , post and post cushion ,etc. form mainly to disappear. They play a making the basic skeleton of the lathe up role. Lathe bed part including counterweight weight is it make lathe total more than 70% of weight up to reach, therefore have good rigidity and antivibration performance , settle good foundation for guaranteeing the machining accuracy of the lathe . 3.2 Slippery platform To is it is it enter give power part of sport to realize to used for slippery platform, It mainly by slippery platform, slippery pedestal and hydraulic pressure cylinder 3 part make up. The slippery pedestal is fixed on post, the cylinder block of hydraulic oil is fixed on slide , cylinder rod and slippery platform join each other, When working, hydraulic pressure cylinder regular, cylinder rod bring slippery platform make round sport at guide of slide. This slippery platform of hydraulic pressure of lathe belongs to the large-scale slippery platform, enough energy stores . Slippery work of platform is it enter , stock and soon retreat 3 kinds of states altogether soon to have. Its movement was controlled together by the electric system and hydraulic pressure system. Install power heads and main shaft case on the slippery platform , is equipped with the pulley block of steel wire rope on the slippery tops , another end contains the counterweight one in the post, the purpose is to make the slippery platform move lightly on the slide , and can prevent the slippery ends from being overweight and glide . 3.3 Power head and main shaft case The power head is the drives of sports of the main shaft , It drive each , main shaft of case output main shaft make cutter decide body sport. This lathe is got into, expanded , the diameter of hole cutter of dumpling is 25mm , 26 respectively. 6mm and 27mm, It is 35CrMoV to process the part material, hardness HRC28-32, Consider the torsion stores coefficient , the lathe adopts the power very beginning 14 of standard Model TD80A , the main electrical machinery is 15KW. The rotational speed is 970r/min, the rotational speed of the output shaft is 475r/min. The main shaft case makes one of the important parts of the lathe up , Function its according to process processing of piece require , arrange every position of main shaft, is it distribute every work main shaft to output power of electrical machinery according to different rotating ratio, make the main shaft get the rotational speed required and change direction, Israel satisfies the processing of the part. 3.4 Main shaft and boring the template The structure of the main shaft depends on receiving the strength situation of the processing technology of the part and main shaft . For get into main shaft processed to sharpen , cut strength to be relatively heavy axial , should adopt thrust ball bearing or get away the bearing of the awl orientate. Main shaft and connection way of cutter adopt 3 lead set connect pole , size proportion of cutter can is it process situation change and answer the pole to depend on. The rotational speed of main shaft that used for boring , reaming is processed is 175r/min. Cut speed V =13. 7m/min, feed amount S =0. 17mm/r. The rotational speed of main shaft of reaming and proce