高中英語-定語從句一定義及相關術語1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關系副詞有when,where,why等關系詞在定語從句中有三大作用1.連接作用連接先行詞和定語從句。2.替代作用在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。3.成分作用在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.二關系代詞引導的定語從句引導定語從句的關系代詞主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語。1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2.whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，可省略，在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來代替。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷浴ootballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.4.that指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning? 、Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer. Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesntfitherverywell.5.whose指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關系，在定語從句中做定語。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.注意：指物時，常用以下結構來代替：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.=Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?三“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句關系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that,who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的后面，使關系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.注意：1.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。2.介詞后的關系代詞不可用that和who，若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用whom指物時只可用which；關系代詞是所有格時用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.3.“介詞+關系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數詞。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.四 關系副詞引導的定語從句引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where和why等。when,where,why都在定語從句中作狀語，在意義上相當于介詞+which結構，分別代替表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞。1.when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.注意：關系副詞引導的定語從句經?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如：Illneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstmetyou.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“的”關系詞的使用上：A作賓語時可省略B可用thatC可用who代替whomTheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如果去掉，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關系詞的使用上：A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who代替whomHismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.IhavebeentoHangzhou,whichisaverybeautifulcity.（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that引導定語從句的情況1.先行詞為all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等時。Everythingthathesaidwastrue.他所說的一切都是真的。2.當先行詞被thevery（恰恰，正好）,theonly，any，few，little，no，all修飾時。Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.3當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.4.當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 5當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?6當先行詞既有人又有物時。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?7先行詞在定語從句中做表語,而關系代詞在從句中也做表語時。Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe. Heisnottheman(that)heseems.人不可貌相。（二）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句1.as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural. Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.注意：當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.1.當先行詞受such,thesame修飾時，關系詞常用as。如：Iveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（三）以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句常由inwhich或that引導，而且通常可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.（四）關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句要看關系詞在定語從句中的作用（所擔當的成分）。A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic. Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery. B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether. Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.基礎練習(1)Thisisthehotel_wewillstayat.which/that/(2)Thisisthehotel_wewillstay.where(3)Thisisthehotel_wewillstay.atwhich(4)Thisisthehotel_wewillvisit.that/which/(5)Thishotelistheone_wewillstayat.that(6)Thishotelistheone_wewillstay.where(7)Thishotelistheone_wewillvisit.That定語從句專項練習一、選擇題1.(09全國II)Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_wasverykindofhim.A.which B.that C.where D.it2.(09安徽卷)Manychildren_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillageAtheir Bwhose Cofthem Dwithwhom3.(09北京卷)Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.WhichC.When D.that4.(09福建卷)Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.that B.when C.which D.where5.(09湖南卷)IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.which B.ofwhich C.that D.whose6.(09江蘇卷)Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.if B.when C.which D.since7.(09遼寧卷)Theyvewontheirlastthreematches,_Ifindabitsurprisingactually.A.that B.when C.what D.which8.(09全國I)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.A.them B.who C.whom D.these9.(09全國II)Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_wasverykindofhim.A.which B.that C.where D.it10.(09山東卷)WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.who B.which C.when D.that11.(09陜西卷)Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhich B.withwhich C.aboutwhichD.intowhich12.(09上海卷)Mozartsbirthplaceandthehouse_hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.A.whereB.when C.there D.which13.(09四川卷)Shellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.that B.which C.where D.when14.(09天津卷)Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails. A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever15.(09天津卷)ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,_domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin. A.as B.which C.when D.though16.(09浙江卷)Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhy17.(09重慶卷)Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.why B.what C.that D.where18. (04全國卷)TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich B.atwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich19. (03北京)York,_lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisited B.whichIvisited C.whereIvisited D.inwhichIvisited20.(02北京)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_othervisitorsseldomgo.A.what B.which C.where D.when二、翻譯訓練：1.我們在醫院一直照顧takecareof的老太太死了._2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的錢包。_3.孫老師寫的書是世界上最好的書。_4.你喜歡女孩就是我喜歡的女孩。_5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。_6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因嗎？_7.我討厭hate我住過的那個旅館hotel。_8.我永遠也忘不了我們共同生活和學習的那個秋天_9.他愛了20年的那個女孩昨天嫁marry人了。_10.她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。_11.Theoldladywhodiedyesterdayleftonemillion._13.Thedoctortoldmeyesterdaythatthereisnothingthathecoulddoformyfather._14. Thisisthepage,whereyoucanfindtheanswer.Thisisthepage,whichyoucanfindtheansweron._15.Astheteachertoldmeyesterday,hedidntpasstheexam._16.Aswewasdiscussingjustnow,itseasyforustostudyEnglish._17. Asmymothertoldmeyesterday,mygirlfrienddidntlovemeatall._18.Asyouknow,themoneyisveryimportant._19.WearestudyingthebusinessEnglish,whichisveryusefulforusInthefuture._20.Doyouknowthereasonwhyyourdogisgoingtodie?_三、閱讀理解TherearestoriesabouttwoU.S.presidents, AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren, whichattempttoexplaintheAmericanEnglishtermOKWedontknowifeitherstoryistrue, buttheyarebothinteresting. ThefirstexplanationisbasedonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittleeducationInfact, hehaddifficultyreadingandwritingWhenimportantpaperscametoJackson, hetriedtoreadthemandthenhadhisassistantsexplainwhattheysaidIfheapprovedofapaperhewouldwrite “allcorrect” onitTheproblemwasth