中學英語常用短語精解(一) (1) to get on (2) to get off (3) to put on (4) to take off (5) to call up (6) to turn on (7) to turn off (8) right away (9) to pick up (10) at once 1. to get on: (to enter, board) 【說明】to get on (搭乘，上車) 動詞get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各種不同的介系詞或副詞而形成意義不同的習語。這里的 on 是介系詞，后面的 bus 和 subway 用作它的受詞。如果 on 作副詞用，則有進步，相處甚好，與年事已長的意思。 【例】(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street. 我總是在34街搭乘公共汽車。 (2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning. 威廉每天早晨在同一車站搭乘地下火車。 2. to get off: (to leave, descend from) 【說明】to get off (下車)與上面的 get on 相反。get off 也有好些其它的意義，如寄出，離開等。下車也可以用 alight from 或 get out of a carriage 或 motor car，不過下電車或公共汽車多用 get off 。 【例】(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.海倫在42街下公共汽車。(2) At what station do you usually get off the subway?你通常在那一站下地下火車？ 3. to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes) 【說明】 to put on (穿，戴)特別指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼鏡也用這個成語。英文中還有 wear 和 dress 二字也是穿的意思。可是 wear 是繼續的動作，表示穿著的狀態，而 put on 是一時的動作。下面兩個句子都是錯的： I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (應用 put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （應用 wear）. dress 后面的受詞一定是人，如 dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white。Get up and dress quickly.（快點起來穿好衣服。) 【例】(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room. 瑪麗戴上她的帽子就離開這屋子。 (2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat? 約翰為什么穿衣戴帽呢？ 4. to take off: (to remove-said also of clothes) 【說明】to take off (脫去)與 put on 的意義相反，指脫去衣物鞋帽.民可以用 put off，但較不通用。 【例】(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.約翰在這屋時脫下他的帽子。(2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room? 海倫是不是因為室內太暖和而脫去她的外衣呢？ 5. to call up: (to telephone) 【說明】to call up (打電話給)后面一定要有受詞，也就是接電話的人。如果受詞是代名詞的話，常插在 call 與 up 之間。 【例】 (1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three oclock. 我昨天忘記打電話給鐘斯先生，雖然我答應了在三點鐘的時候打電話給他的。 (2) Did anyone call me up while I was out? 我出去的時候有人打電話來找我嗎？ 6. to turn on: (to start, begin) 【說明】to turn on (扭開，打開)指扭開電燈，電爐，電扇，煤氣等的按鈕或開關，以及自來水的水龍頭等而言。開電燈也可以用 put on the light. 【例】(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark. 請你扭開電燈，這房間太黑暗了。 (2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out. 我們外出時，有人把房內的電爐扭開了。 7. to turn off: (to stop, terminate extinguish) 【說明】to turn off （關閉，停止）指扭熄電燈，關閉無線電、自來水等。關燈也可以用 put out the light. 【例】(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now. 請把電燈關了，我們現在不需要它。 (2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it? 我可以把收音機關掉嗎，你是不是還要收聽呢？ 8. right away: (immediately, at once, very soon) 【說明】right away（立刻，馬上）為美國口頭語，沒有 immediately 與 at once 正式，系一副詞短語，與 right now (exactly now)的意思相仿。 【例】(1) She says that dinner will be ready right away.她說晚餐馬上就準備好了。(2) Can William come to my office right away?威廉能夠立刻就到我的辦公室來嗎？ 9. to pick up: (to take-especially with fingers) 【說明】to pick up （拾起，揀起）尤指用手指把東西拿起業而言。To pick up 還有很多 其它的用法。如 讓人搭便車： The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway .（這個乘汽車的人在公路上讓兩個軍人搭乘便車。） 聽會，自然學會，（言語，游戲等）： He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France.（他從來沒有學過法文；他所知道的是他住在法國的時候聽會的。） 捉住，逮捕，萍水相逢便行訂交，選出： I picked up London last night. (昨晚我在無線電聽到了倫敦的播音。) 【例】(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.約翰把書桌上的報紙拿了起來。 (2) Why didnt you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor?你為什么不把地板上的那枝鉛筆拾起來呢？ 10. at once: (immediately, very soon, right away) 【說明】at once （立刻，馬上）為一級通用的副詞短語，也可以作為同時(simultaneously) 解，如：This book is at once interesting and instructive.（此書既有趣又有益。） 【例】(1) He asked me to come to his office at once.他請我立刻就到他的辦公室去。(2) I want you to send this telegram at once.我希望你馬上把這電報發出去。中學英語常用短語精解(二) (1) to wait for (2) at last (3)as usual (4) to find out (5) to look at (6)to look for (7) all right (8) right here (9) little by little (10) tired out (11) to call on (12) Never mind 1. to wait for: (to expect, await) 【說明】to wait for （等候，期待）可以說等于 await, wait 通常都作不及物動詞用，如果后面有受詞，切不可少用介系詞 for await 為及物動詞，后面不可用介系詞，但是沒有 wait 普遍。wait 也可用作及物動詞，如： wait ones chance或opportunity（等機會）； Dont wait dinner for me.（晚飯不要等我） 【例】 (1) We will wait for you on the corner of Broadway and 86h Street.我們將在百老匯及86街轉角處等你 (2) We waited for him for more than an hour and finally left.我們等了他一個多小時，然后才離開。 2. at last:(finally) 【說明】at last（最后，終于）為一副詞片語，與 at first 意義相反。也可以用 at long last, 可是語氣較強，而且有點英國味道。 【例】(1) We waited and waited and at last John arrived.我們等了又等，后來約翰終于來了。(2) Has he finished that work at last?他最后把那工作做完了嗎？ 3. as usual:(as always, customarily) 【說明】as usual（照常，照例，仍然）作副詞用，其意為 as is (was ) usual 和往常一般。usual 是形容詞，不可用 usually。 【例】(1) Henry is late for class again as usual.亨利像平常一樣上課又遲到了。 (2) As usual Helen won first prize in the swimming contest.海倫在游泳比賽中仍然獲勝。 4. to find out:(to get information, discover, learn) 【說明】to find out（得悉，發現，查明）與 find 略有不同，find out 指故意去尋而尋出。 【例】(1) I was unable to find out the name of the man who called.我想不出那個打電話來的人的名字。 (2) Will you please try to find out for me what time that train arrives?能否請你替我查明火車什么時候到達？ 5. to look at:(do direct the eyes toward, watch) 【說明】to look at (眼睛望著，注視)亦可解釋為考慮，調查（consider, investigate），如：The judge said that he would look at the matter of the widowsright to the property. （法官說他將考慮寡婦對這財產的權利。）look 一般都用作不及物動作，與許多不同的介系詞結合而形成各種意義不同的片誤。Look at 與 see 并不相同，see 的意思是看到，往往是無意的，上面兩句里的 look at 都不可改用 see。 【例】(1) The teacher told us to look at the blackboard and not at our books.教師教我們注視黑板，不要看著我們的課本。(2) I like to walk in the park and look at the stars at night.晚上我喜歡在公園里散步，仰望著天上的群星。 6. to look for: (to search for, seek) 【說明】to look for （尋覓，搜尋）也有期望，盼望的意思，如 I dont look for much profit from the business.（我并不期望從生意中得到優厚的利益。） 【例】(1) He has spent an hour looking for the pen which he lost.他已經花了一個鐘頭去尋找他失去的鋼筆了。(2) I have lost my gloves. Will you help me look for them?我的手套丟了，請你幫我找找好嗎？ 7. all right: (satisfactory, correct) 【說明：】all right（滿意，可以，沒關系）用作形容詞，和美國人的意思相仿，為日常口頭語。有很多的英美人用 all right, 可是也有許多人認為不該用它。 【例】(1) He said that it would be all right to wait in this office for him.他說在這辦公室里等他就好了。(2) Will it be all right with you if I give you that money tomorrow instead of today?如果我把今天應該給你的那筆錢明天給你，可以嗎？ 8. right here, right there, right now, etc: (exactly here, exactly there, etc.) 【說明】right here（就在這兒），right there（就在那兒），right now（現在立刻）為日常口頭語，right 是副詞，它的意思是 exactly precisely, just,immediately，把 here, there, now 等的范圍縮小了。還有 right away 與 right off 都是立刻，馬上的意思。 【例】(1) He said that he would meet us right here on this corner. 他說他將在這轉角處跟我們碰面。(2) Right then I saw very clearly that he was not telling the truth. 那時我就看得很清楚，他沒有說實話。 (3) Lets do it right now.讓我們現在就做這件事吧！ 9. little by little: (gradually, by degrees, slowly) 【說明】little by little（逐漸，慢慢地）為副詞短語，指每次都是一點，因而有逐漸，慢慢地的意思。 【例】(1) If you study regularly each day, little by little your vocabulary of English words will increase.如果你每天有規律地學習，你的英文字匯將逐漸增加。(2) His health seems to be improving little by little.他的健康似乎慢慢地好轉了。 10. tired out: (extremely tired) 【說明】tired out（非常疲倦）為形容詞短語，tired 是由過去分詞轉成的形容詞，表示由于精力被消耗得很多，因而覺得疲倦。out 是副詞作 thoroughly, completely, entirely 解，用以形容 tired。 【例】(1) I have worked very hard today and am tired out.我今天很辛苦地工作，所以累極了。(2) He was tired out after his long trip to California.至加利福尼亞州長途旅行歸來后，他覺得非常疲倦。 11. to call on: (to visit) 【說明】to call on （拜望，訪問）意思是過訪，小竭。on 也可 upon 后面的受詞一定是人，如果訪問某一個地方，則用 call at。 call on 還有好些別的意思，如He called on all his friends to help him. 這兒的 call on 應解釋為要求，求助于。 【例】(1) Last night several friends called on us.昨晚有幾個朋友來看我們。(2) How many salesmen call on Mr. Evans every day?每天有多少推銷員拜訪伊文思先生呢？ 12. Never mind: (do not mind, do not pay any attention to it.) 【說明】never mind（不要緊，不必介意）為禮貌用語。mind 作動詞用作介意解。 【例】(1) “Never mind!” she said when I offered to open the window for her.當我提出要為她打開窗子時，她說，不要緊！(2) when William wished to return the money which he owed you why did you say: “Never mind! What until next week when you receive your salary.”當威廉要還他所欠你的借款時，你為什么說：“不要緊！等到下星期你領到薪水再還好了”。中學英語常用短語精解(三) (1) to pick out (2) to take ones time (3) to talk over (4) to lie down (5) to stand up (6) to sit down (7) all day long (8) by oneself (9) on purpose (10) to get along (11) to make no difference (12) to take out1. to pick out: (to choose, select) 【說明】to pick out（挑選，揀選）多指購物時的挑選而言。out 用作副詞，形容及物動詞 pick。 【例】(1) I want to pick out some new ties to give as Christmas presents to my friends. 我要選些新領帶，送給我的朋友們作為圣誕禮物。 (2) which book did you pick out to send to Helen? 你挑選了那一本書給海倫呢？ 2. to take ones time: (to work or go leisurely, not to hurry) 【說明】to take ones time（從容不迫，慢慢來）指有足夠的時間，盡可慢慢的去做，time 的后面可以跟現在分詞，如例一中的 doing，作為主詞補語；也可以跟 in，接著用一名詞或動名詞作為 in 的受詞如例二。 【例】(1) There is no hurry. You can take your time doing that work.不要忙，你可以慢慢地去做那個工作。 (2) william never works rapidly. He always takes his time in everything that he does. 威廉做事從來不匆忙，他總是從從容容地做每一件事。 3. to talk over: (to discuss. Consider) 【說明】to talk over（講座，商量）指講座、會商尚未實施的計劃或問題，或以商談說服，使別人贊成自己的計劃。后面的受詞如果是名詞，應放在 over 之后，如果是代名詞，則放在 over 之前，如 My husband talked me over.（我的丈夫說服了我。） 【例】(1) We talked over Mr. Reeses plan but could not come to a decision. 我們討論過李斯先生的計劃，可是尚未獲得結論。 (2) With whom did you talk over your plan to buy a new car? 你跟誰討論你買新車的計劃呢？ 4. to lie down: (to recline, take a lying position) 【說明】to lie down（躺下，橫臥）指躺在床上或睡椅上休息而言。lie 是不及物動詞，down 是副詞。 【例】(1) If you are tired, why dont you lie down for an hour or so? 如果你累了，你為什么不躺下來休息一小時呢？ (2) The doctor says that Grace must lie down and rest for an hour every afternoon. 醫生說葛麗斯每天下午必須躺下來休息一小時。 5. to stand up: (to rise, take an upright or standing position after being seated) 【說明】to stand up（起立）指從坐下的姿勢轉取直立或站著的姿勢而言。 【例】(1) When the President entered, everyone in the room stood up. 總統進來時，室內每個人起立。 (2) When the “Star - Spangled Banner” is played, everyone must stand up and remove his hat. 當奏美國國歌時，大家都應該起立并且脫帽。 6. to sit down: (to take a sitting position after standing) 【說明：】to sit down（坐下）指從站著的姿勢轉取坐下的姿勢而言。主人請客人坐下可以說 “Sit down” 或 “have a seat,” 或 “Take a seat,” 或 “Be seated.” 【例】(1) After standing for so long, it was a pleasure to sit down and rest.站得太久了，坐下來休息真是愉快。(2) We sat down on the park bench and watched the people as they passed.我們坐在公園的長凳上，留心觀察著來往的行人。 7. all day long: (the entire day, continuously through the day) 【說明】all day long（整天，全日）為副詞短語，也可以用 all the day long. 指做某一件事，在一天中不會間斷。 【例】(1) I have been working on this problem all day long. 我研究這問題已經有一整天了。 (2) She shopped all day long looking for a new dress. 她為了選購一件新衣服，逛了一整天的商店。 8. by oneself: (alone) 【說明】by oneself（獨自，獨立）為副詞短語，oneself 包括 myself, yourself, himself 等，為反身代名詞。 【例】(1) John did the work by himself. No one helped him. 約翰獨自做這工作，沒有人幫他忙。 (2) She likes to walk by herself through the park. 她喜歡一個人在公園里散步。 9. on purpose: (purposely, intentionally) 【說明】on purpose（故意，蓄意，預謀）與 of set purpose 同意，通常放在句子的后面。 【例】(1) It was no accident. She broke the dish on purpose.這不并是意外的事，她是故意把碟子打破的。(2) Do you think he made that mistake on purpose?他認為他是故意弄錯的嗎？ 10. to get along: (to do, succeed, make progress) 【說明】to get along（進行，成功，有進展）指在某一種工作或學問上有進步與發展而言，后面用in。此外這個片語也有和好相處的意思，如He and she cannot get along with each other.（他和她兩人處不來），后面用 with。 【例】(1) John is getting along very well in his study of English.約翰學習英語很有進步。(2) How is Mr. Holmes getting along in his new job?賀爾姆斯先生的新工作做得怎樣？ 11. to make no difference : (to be of equal importance) 【說明】to make no difference（沒有區別，沒有關系）于兩種不同的情形或事物，某人認為沒有區別，無足輕重。用此成語時常以虛字it為其主詞，如上述二例句，后面用 whether 介紹的名詞子句則為真正主詞。至于二句中 to me 與 to you 的 to 亦可改用 with。 【例】 (1) When I asked him whether he wanted to go in the morning or in the afternoon, he said: “ It doesnt make any difference to me.” 當我問他要早晨去還是下午去的時候，他說“這對我沒有什么關系”。 (2) does it make any difference to you whether we have our lesson at two oclock or at three oclock? 我們在兩點鐘上課或者在三點鐘上課，你覺得沒有關系嗎？ 12. to take out: (to remove, extract) 【說明】to take out（取出，拔出）中的 out 是副詞，如果 take 的受詞是名詞，多半放在 out 的后面，如果受詞是代名詞則放在 take 與 out 之間。 【例】(1) William took out his handkerchief and wiped his forehead. 威廉取出手帕擦擦他的前額。 (2) The thief suddenly took out a knife and attacked the policeman. 這個賊突然拔出一把小刀向警察襲擊中學英語常用短語精解(四) (1) to take part (2) at all (3) to look up (4) to wait on (upon) (5) at least (6) so far1. to take part: (participate) 【說明】to take part（參加，參與）指參加宴會，會議，聚會等而言，后面一定要用 in。如果用with，則作袒護支持解，如 He took part with me. （他加入我這一邊支持我。） 【例】(1) Henry was sick and could not take part in the meeting last night. 亨利病了，昨晚他不能夠參加會議。 (2) I did not want to take part in their argument. 我不要參加他們的辯論。 2. at all: (in any degree, in the least-generally used only in a negative sense) 【說明】at all（絲毫，極少）為副詞片語，多用于否定句以加強語氣。也可以用在疑問句中作究竟解，如Do you know at all?（你究竟知不知道？）用在if的后面作既然解，如 If you do it at all, do it well. （既做，就好好地做。） 【例】(1) He said that he did not have any money at all.他說他一點錢都沒有。 (2) When I asked her whether she was tired, she said, “ Not all at!” 當我問她是否疲倦時，她說，“一點也不！” 3. to look up: (to search for-especially in a dictionary or catalogue where one must turn over pages) 【說明】to look up（查出，查找）尤指從字典或目錄中翻查所要找的單字或號碼條文等。to look up作為不及物動詞用時，其意義為抬頭或仰望，如 She looked up from her writing（她不寫字了，抬起頭來仰望著。） 【例】(1) Every student should look up all new words in his dictionary each day.每個學生應該每天從字典上查閱所有的生字。(2) Ellen said that she did not know Roberts number but that she would look it up in the telephone book.艾倫說她不知道羅勃的電話號碼，但是她呆以從電話簿上查出來。 4. to wait on (upon): (to serve, attend to - in a store or shop) 【說明】to wait on（侍候，招待）指在商店中店員招待顧客，或指在家中仆人侍候主人，在飯店中堂倌侍候客人而言。on 可以改用 upon。 【例】(1) A very pleasant young woman waited on me in Macys yesterday.昨天一位很可愛的年輕女店員在麥茜公司里招待我。(2) The clerk asked, “Have you been waited on yet, Sir?”店員問，“先生，有人侍候過你嗎？” 5. at least: (in the minimum) 【說明】at least（至少）也可以用 at the least, 為副詞短語。 【例】(1) Every student should spend at least two hours on his homework every night. 每個學生每晚至少應費兩小時做他的家庭作業。 (2) Helen has been sick in bed for at least two months. 海倫至少已經臥病兩個月了。 6. so far: (up to the present time) 【說明】so far（到現在為止，到目前為止）作副詞用，與 up to now 的意思相同。動詞應用現在完成式。 【例】(1) So far John has been the best student in our English class. 到現在為止，約翰一直是我們英文班上最優秀的學生。 (2) How many idioms have we studied in this book so far? 到現在為止，我們在這本書里學了多少短語呢？中學英語常用短語精解(五) (1) to shake hands (2) to look out (3) to think of (4) to get back (5) to catch cold (6) to make up ones mind (7) to change ones mind (8) for the time being (9) to get over (10) to call off (11) for good (12) in a hurry 1. to shake hands: (to exchange greetings with a clasp of the hand) 【說明】to shake hands（握手）是西洋人見面時的禮節。shake 原意為搖動，因為握手時須將手上下搖動。注意這里的 hand 要用復數。如果在 hand 之前加上 my, his, her 等字時，則 hand 用單數。他跟我握手有兩種說法： He shook hands with me. He shook my hand. 【例】(1) I introduced them and they shook hands. 我替他們介紹后，他們握握手。 (2) When two women meet for the first time, they do not usually shake hands. 兩個女人初次見面時，通常她們是不握手的。 2. to look out: (to be careful) 【說明】to look out（注意，留心）用于喚起別人注意，以提防危險。也可以作為留神以待解，如Will you go to the station and look out for Mr. Smith?（你可以到車站去等史密斯先生嗎？） 【例】(1) “Look out!” John cried as his friend almost stepped in front of the approaching car.約翰在他的朋友幾乎要碰到一部駛來的汽車時大叫，“當心”！(2) Why did the drive tell Mary to look out as she was getting off the bus?為什么當瑪麗下公共汽車時司機要叫她小心呢？ 3. to think of: (to have an opinion about) 【說明】to think of（作看法，認為）用以征詢別人的意見。如 What do you think of Hemingway?（你覺得海明威怎么樣？）如表示意見則在 think 之后放 much, highly, well 等，作看重或重視解。至于think little (nothing) of 則作輕視或對滿不在乎解，如 He thought nothing of 30 miles a day. (他對每天三十里滿不在乎。) 【例】 (1) What did you think of that movie which you saw last night?你覺得你昨晚看的那個電影怎么樣？(2) I dont think much of him as a baseball player.我并不認為他是一個了不得的棒球隊員