ProfessionalEnglishinComputerField ChapterFiveProgrammingLanguages 內容 正文HistoryofProgrammingLanguagesObject orientedProgramming閱讀材料IntroductiontoTheC LanguageandThe NETFrameworkIntroductiontoPython 1HistoryofProgrammingLanguages KeyWords punchcardn 穿孔卡片appearancen 外觀decimaladj 十進位的formulaicadj 公式的Turingmachine圖靈機magneticdrum磁鼓assemblylanguage匯編語言error prone易于出錯的Backus NaurForm BNF BNF范式context free上下文無關lexicaladj 詞匯的 語詞的 KeyWords polymorphicadj 多形態的tediousadj 冗長乏味的defensecontractors國防承包商postulatev 假設compilationn 編譯garbagecollection垃圾回收statictyping靜態驗證extendedstaticchecking延伸靜態檢查modularityn 模塊mixinn 混合類型delegaten 委托punctuationn 標點符號 Notes Itsprincipaluseisinrigorousanalysesofalgorithmiccomplexity Theintroductionoflexicalscopingfornamesinarbitrarilynestedscopes However oneimportantnewtrendinlanguagedesignwasanincreasedfocusonprogrammingforlarge scalesystemsthroughtheuseofmodules orlarge scaleorganizationalunitsofcode 它主要應用在對算法復雜性的精密分析中 在任意嵌套中引入了變量名的語義 作用 范圍 然而 語言設計的一個重要的新趨勢是應用模塊或大型企業級代碼單元來開發大型系統已經成為關注的焦點 Notes Thelimitedspeedandmemorycapacityforcedprogrammerstowritehandtunedassemblylanguageprograms ThedesignofJavawasamoreconservativeversionofideasexploredmanyyearsearlierintheSmalltalkcommunity butthewidespreadadoptionoflanguagesthatsupportedfeatureslikegarbagecollectionandstrongstatictypingwasamajorchangeinprogrammingpractice 有限的速度和內存容量迫使程序員手工編寫優化了的匯編程序 Java的設計比Smalltalk社區在很多年前就已經探索過的想法更保守 但是 對于支持垃圾回收和強靜態類型等特性的編程語言的廣泛采用是一個在實際編程中的主要變化 2Object orientedProgramming KeyWords object orientedadj 面向對象的paradigmn 范例inheritancen 繼承modularityn 模塊性polymorphismn 多態性encapsulationn 封裝nascentadj 初期的virtuen 優點attributen 屬性propertyn 屬性behaviorn 行為 KeyWords featuren 特征jargonn 行話traitn 特性combinatorialadj 組合的extrapolationn 推斷notionn 概念cementv 加強toolkitn 工具包 軟件包event drivenprogramming事件驅動編程思想virtualmachine虛擬機 Notes Object orientedprogramming srootsreachallthewaybacktothecreationoftheSimulaprogramminglanguageinthe1960s whenthenascentfieldofsoftwareengineeringhadbeguntodiscusstheideaofasoftwarecrisis Object orientedprogrammingmaybeseenasacollectionofcooperatingobjects asopposedtoatraditionalviewinwhichaprogrammaybeseenasacollectionoffunctions orsimplyasalistofinstructionstothecomputer 面向對象編程的根源可以追溯到60年代出現的Simula編程語言 當時新生的軟件工程界已經開始討論軟件危機了 面向對象的程序也許可以被看成一個由相互合作的對象組成的集合 而傳統的看法則把程序看成由許多函數組成的集合 或是簡單的計算機指令集合 Notes Aclassshouldtypicallyberecognizabletoanon programmerfamiliarwiththeproblemdomain meaningthatthecharacteristicsoftheclassshouldmakesenseincontext 一個類通常對于熟悉問題域的非程序員應當是可識別的 也就是說 類的特性在上下文中應該有意義的 ReadingMaterial1IntroductiontoTheC LanguageandThe NETFramework Exercises The wasanabstractionoftheoperationofatape markingmachine forexample inuseatthetelephonecompanies In1948 KonradZusepublishedapaperabouthisprogramminglanguage anearlysystemsprogramminglanguage wasdevelopedbyDennisRitchieandKenThompsonatBellLabsbetween1969and1973 The1960sand1970salsosawconsiderabledebateoverthemeritsof whichessentiallymeantprogrammingwithouttheuseof Inthe1980s oneimportanttrendinlanguagedesignwasanincreasedfocusonprogrammingforlarge scalesystemsthroughtheuseof or ofcode Object orientedprogramming OOP isaprogrammingparadigmthatuses todesignapplicationsandcomputerprograms isbehaviorthatvariesdependingontheclassinwhichthebehaviorisinvoked thatis twoormoreclassescanreactdifferentlytothesamemessage A definestheabstractcharacteristicsofathing includingthething scharacteristics itsattributesorproperties andthethingsitcando itsbehaviorsormethodsorfeatures questions Pleaselistatleast5kindsofprogramminglanguagesinthe1950sand1960s Brieflydescribefourkindsofmajorlanguageparadigmsnowinuseinthisperiodbetween1967and1978 Brieflydescribethegreatchangesofprogramminglanguagesinthe1980s HowdoestherapidgrowthoftheInternetinthemid 1990 sinfluencet