1 附錄： 外文資料與中文翻譯 外文資料： Modern mold making .the stamping die development history and status of technology In 1953, the Changchun First Automobile Works in China for the first time established a die shop, the car plant in 1958 began manufacturing automotive panel die. 60 years of the 20th century began producing fine blanking dies. Come a long road of development, China has formed about 300 billion (not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan statistics.) Production capacity of various types of stamping dies. Formed, such as Ningbo and Zhejiang HUANGYAN region Die village； Guangdong Corporation and some large rapid rise of township enterprises, K el o n, M id e a, K on ka and other groups have established their own mold manufacturing center； joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned the mold companies now have thousands. With the pace with international standards continues to accelerate, increasing market competition, production and design of the mold has been growing recognition that product quality, cost, and new product development capacities. Mold manufacturing technology to measure a countrys manufacturing sector has become an important indicator of the level, and largely determine the survival space. At present, China stamping die, whether in quantity or in quality, technology and other capabilities have made significant progress, but with national needs and the world advanced level, 2 the gap is still great. In the international competition situation, I had the mold industry has rapidly developed, many specialized research centers continue to die set up, mold steel of the structure and made significant achievements, but there is still a big gap. First, imports of high-tech mold most of the large precision molds, mold and exports most of the lower middle and low-tech die, so high-tech high-grade die stamping die market, the overall satisfaction rate is lower than satisfaction rate, which mold development has lagged behind the production of stamping parts, and low-technology market to meet the rate of middle and low die stamping die is higher than the overall market to meet the rate； second is due to the price of the mold is much lower than international market prices, has some competition force, so its prospects in the international market； third in recent years, Hong Kong-and Taiwan-owned, foreign-funded enterprises in China developed rapidly in a large number of these enterprises stamping dies produced for own use no precise statistics, it is not included in the figures being. . Modern mold manufacturing technology development The development of modern technology should die mold products to meet the short delivery time, high precision, good quality, low price request for service. Urgent need to develop to meet this requirement as a number of (1) to comprehensively promote universal DBD / DBM / DBE technology Die DBD / DBM / DBE technology is the development direction of mold 3 design and manufacturing. With the computer software development and progress, universal DBD / DBM / DBE technology, conditions are ripe, the businesses will increase DBD / DBM technical training and technical service efforts； further expand the scope of DBE technology. The development of computers and networks are making DBD / DBM / DBE technology trans-regional, cross-enterprise, campus-wide in the industry as possible to promote and achieve re-integration of technical resources to enable virtual manufacturing possible. (2) High-speed milling The development of foreign high-speed milling process in recent years, significantly improve the processing efficiency, and to get a high surface finish. In addition, the module can also be processed with high hardness, but also with low temperature rise, thermal deformation and so on. High-speed milling technology, automotive, home appliance manufacturing industry in the large cavity mold injected new vitality. It currently has more agile, intelligent, integrated direction. (3) die scanning and digitizing system High-speed scanner provides scanning system and mold from the model or in kind to the processing of the scanned model of the desired number of features required, greatly reducing the manufacturing cycle in the development of mold. Some quick scan system can be quickly installed in existing CNC milling machine and machining center, for fast data acquisition, automatic generation of a variety of CNC machining process, the DBD data in different 4 formats, for mold manufacturing reverse engineering . (4) the degree of standardization to improve die Degree of standardization of the mold is increasing, estimates that the current use of standard mold coverage has reached about 30%. Developed countries is generally about 80%. (5) high-quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology Application of high quality steel and the corresponding surface treatment technology to improve the life of the mold it is very necessary. Mold heat treatment and surface treatment can fully mold steel material properties play a key part. Direction of development of mold heat treatment is the use of vacuum heat treatment. In addition to the mold surface should improve the development of advanced technologies such as laser surface treatment. (6) Mold Polishing Automation, intelligent mold surface quality of mold life, the appearance of quality parts and so have a greater impact of automation and intelligence of the grinding and polishing methods replace the existing manual in order to improve the quality of the mold surface is important trends. (7) die development of automatic processing system This is our long-term development goals mold industry. Automatic mold machine processing system should be more than the rational combination； 5 with accompanying plate positioning fixture or positioning； a complete equipment, tool CNC database； a complete CNC flexible synchronization system； a quality monitoring and control system. Of course, as the user to choose the right equipment, if the selection properly, not only can not make money but make the machine work into the bitter situation. . Modern mold manufacturing technology trends Die technology is mainly towards the future development trend of information technology, high-speed high-precision production and development. Therefore, the design technology, the development focus is to promote DBD / DBE / DBM technology, and continue to improve efficiency, especially in sheet metal forming process of the computer simulation analysis. Die DBD, DBE technology should be declared human, integration, intelligence and network direction, and improve the mold DBD, DBM system-specific level. To improve the DBD, DBE, DBM technology, establish a complete database and development of the mold expert systems and improve software usability is very important. From the processing technology, the development focused on high-speed processing and precision machining. At present, the development of highly processed high-speed milling, high speed polishing and high-speed electronic processing and rapid tooling technologies. At present, the development of precision machining parts precision mold and the surface roughness of less 1m Pa 0.1m variety of precision machining. 6 ,.the modern mold manufacturing 1.CAD/CAE/CAM computer-aided design, simulation, manufacturing integration CAD / CAE / CAM integration, integration technology is the most advanced modern mold making the most reasonable mode of production. Use of computer-aided design, support engineering and manufacturing systems, according to the respective mold parts designed to prepare the NC machining of parts from design to manufacturing process is an inevitable process, which is from CAD / CAE / CAM system carried out, The processing line cable input directly from the processing machine, can be used in the preparation of procedures of processing the system analog functions, will be part tool, tool holder, fixture, platform and tool speed, path, etc. are displayed, to check the program prepared correctness. In short the CAD / CAE / CAM system development and simulation of processing can not fully understand the problems identified, resulting in processing prior to prepare the complete set of processing change work, which for the efficient and accurate processing of the mold has a very important part . 2. Advanced equipment in the modern mold making role The inevitable trend of modern mold making, machining is possible to replace the manual process, especially now that CNC lathes, multi-axis machine tools, CNC mold engraving machine, EDM machine, CNC precision grinding machines, coordinate measuring machines, scanners and other 7 modern equipment widely used in factories, but most of these devices are basically the application of the procedures used CAD / CAE / CAM system to produce, the operator of work procedures in accordance with the provisions of work piece clamping, with a cutting tool and operation of the machine will be able to automatically complete the processing tasks, and created the ideal mold parts or complete the processing operation for the next part. 3. Die materials and surface treatment technology Due to improper selection and use of materials, resulting in premature failure of the mold, which accounts for more than 45% die failure. Price structure throughout the mold, the materials, the proportion of small, generally 20% to 30%, therefore, the choice of high quality steel and application of surface treatment technology to improve the life of the mold it is very necessary. For tool steel, the ESR technique to be used, such as the use of powder metallurgy high speed steel powders manufactured. Variety of different specifications tool steel, refined products, products of, try to shorten the delivery time is also an important trend. Mold heat treatment of the main trends: the infiltration of a single element to the multi-element penetration, complex permeability (such as TD method) development； by the general spread of the CVD, PVD, PCVD, ion penetration, ion implantation and other direction； addition, the current laser enhanced glow plasma technology and electroplating (plating) and other anti-corrosion technology to strengthen more and more attention. 8 V, reverse engineering Reverse engineering is the first of the parts (the processing of the product) to scan the CAD data generated in multiple formats, and then in the other CAD / CAE / CAM software in the modified design, the technology is the most popular modern mold manufacturing mold manufacturing technology. mold manufacturing company dedicated to development and production of the scanning system, it can be successfully applied to reverse engineering, mold manufacturing, it can not only improve the performance of CNC machine tools, expanding the function of CNC machine tools, CNC machine tools but also improve efficiency., Renscan200, Cyclone high-speed scanner has been Qingdao H a I e r, Jinan Q I n g q i, national mold center and other units started. . Summary and Outlook With the development and progress of computer software, CAD / CAE / CAM technology is getting more mature, and its application in the modern mold will become more widespread. Can be expected in the near future, mold manufacturing to separate from the machine manufacturing industry, and independent national economy to become an indispensable pillar industries, while also further promote the integration of the mold manufacturing technology, intelligence, beneficiary , efficient direction. 9 中文翻譯： 現代模具制造 一、 沖壓模具發展歷史和技術水平狀況 1953 年，長春第一汽車制造廠在中國首次建立了沖模車間，該汽車廠于 1958 年開始制造汽車覆蓋件模具。我國于 20 世紀 60 年代開始生產精沖模具。走過漫長的發展道路，目前我國已形成約 300 多億元（未包括港、澳、臺的統計數字。）各類沖壓模具的生產能力。形成了如浙江寧波和黃巖地區的 “ 模具之鄉 ” ；廣東一些大集團公司和鄉鎮企業迅速崛起，科龍、美的、康佳等集團紛紛建立了自己的模具制造中心；中外合資和外商獨資的模具企業現已有幾千家。隨著與國際接軌的腳步不斷加快，市場競爭的日益加劇，模具的生產和設計已經越來越認識到產品質量、成本和新產品的開發能力的重要性。模具制造技術現已成為衡量一個國家制造業水平高低的重要標志，并在很大程度上決定企業的生存空間。目前我國沖壓模具無論在數量上，還是在質量、技術和能力等方面都已有了很大發展，但與國民經濟需求和世界先進水平相比，差距仍很大。在國際競爭的局勢下，我過的模具工業得到飛速的發展，很多的專門模具研究中心不斷的建立起來，模具結構和鋼材的研究取得了顯著的成就，但還是存在很大的差距。 一是進口模具大部分是技術含量高的大型精密模具，而 出口模具大部分是技術含量較低的中低檔模具，因此技術含量高的中高檔模具市場滿足率低于沖壓模具總體滿足率，這些模具的發展已滯后于沖壓件生產，而技術含量低的中低檔模具市場滿足率要高于沖壓模具市場總體滿足率； 二是由于我國的模具價格要比國際市場價格低許多，具有一定的競爭力，因此其在國際市場的前景看好； 三10 是近年來港資、臺資、外資企業在我國發展迅速，這些企業中大量的自產自用的沖壓模具無確切的統計資料，因此未能計入上述數字之中。 二現代模具制造技術的發展方向 現代模具技術的發展應該為適應模具產品 “ 交貨期短 ” 、 “ 精度高 ” 、 “ 質量好 ” 、 “ 價格低 ” 的要求服務。達到這一要求急需發展如下幾項 (1)全面推廣普及 DBD/DBM/DBE 技術 模具 DBD/DBM/DBE 技術是模具設計制造的發展方向。隨著微機軟件的發展和進步，普及 DBD/DBM/DBE 技術的條件已基本成熟，各企業將加大DBD/DBM 技術培訓和技術服務的力度；進一步擴大 DBE 技術的應用范圍。計算機和網絡的發展正使 DBD/DBM/DBE 技術跨地區、跨企業、跨院所地在整個行業中推廣成為可能，實現技術資源的重新整合，使虛擬制造成為可能。 (2)高速銑削加工 國外近年來發展的高速銑削加工，大幅度提高了加工效率，并可獲得極高的表面光潔度。另外，還可加工高硬度模塊，還具有溫升低、熱變形小等優點。高速銑削加工技術的發展，對汽車、家電行業中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向發展。 (3)模具掃描及數字化系統 高速掃描機和模具掃描系統提供了從模型或實物掃描到加工出期望的模型所需的諸多功能，大大縮短了模具的在研制制造周期。有些快速掃描系統，可快速安裝在已有的數控銑床及加工中心上，實現快速數據11 采集、自動生成各種 不同數控系統的加工程序、不同格式的 DBD 數據，用于模具制造業的 “ 逆向工程 ” 。 (4)提高模具標準化程度 我國模具標準化程度正在不斷提高，估計目前我國模具標準件使用覆蓋率已達到 30%左右。國外發達國家一般為 80%左右。 (5)優質材料及先進表面處理技術 選用優質鋼材和應用相應的表面處理技術來提高模具的壽命就顯得十分必要。模具熱處理和表面處理是否能充分發揮模具鋼材料性能的關鍵環節。模具熱處理的發展方向是采用真空熱處理。模具表面處理除完善應發展工藝先進的激光表面處理等技術。 (6)模具研磨拋光 將 自動化、智能化模具表面的質量對模具使用壽命、制件外觀質量等方面均有較大的影響，研究自動化、智能化的研磨與拋光方法替代現有手工操作，以提高模具表面質量是重要的發展趨勢。 ( 7)模具自動加工系統的發展 這是我國模具工業長遠發展的目標。模具自動加工系統應有多臺機床合理組合；配有隨行定位夾具或定位盤；有完整的機具、刀具數控庫；有完整的數控柔性同步系統；有質量監測控制系統。作為用戶當然要選合適的設備，如果選型不當，不但不能賺錢反而令陷入為機器打工的苦澀局面。 三現代模具制造技術的發展趨勢 模具技術未來發展趨勢主要是朝信息化、高速化生產與高精度化發展。因此從設計技術來說，發展重點在于大力推廣 DBD/DBE/DBM 技術的12 應用，并持續提高效率，特別是板材成型過程的計算機模擬分析技術。模具 DBD、 DBE 技