黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業設計  1 附錄 A Present Existing Problems and Strategies about Special Purpose Vehicle in China In today's world, with the rapid development of economy, the highway mileage of the rapid increase. Steam.The car to specialization, and the fast pace, the trend of the development of the ChongXingHua direction is more and more obvious, contributed to AD.Use the car demand increases year by year. A. has become a transportation and various special purpose of main.B. in the automobile industry, the pivotal status. A special car is to point to put a special feature.With equipment, have the special function, used to undertake special transportation tasks or special operations of steam.Car LlJ, special vehicle and the research, production and application in achieving specialization not only transport and homework.Aspects of a functional by society, attention and welcome, and enhance the transport in efficiency, reduce the transportation into.The application of this, expanding car field play an extremely important role. 1. the development of specialized automobile in brief  Our country special automobile production is the 1960 s in the military vehicle, fire The foundation of the vehicle by the developed gradually. In the 70 s, some special automobile manufacturers According to the different national economic sectors need, formed his own product features, and gradually become A certain categories of backbone enterprise specialized in automotive production. Such as manufacturing semi-trailers hanyang special cars Factory, production powder of special car factory, wuhan tanker refrigerating automobile production of zhenjiang refrigeration steam Depot, etc. ". In the 80 s, along with the development of national economy, a special car got bigger.In the car industry development, formed in the special automobile industry factory independent, and become the economic construction Snow to transport and work equipment. 1993 1996 years, due to the national macroeconomic The influence of the control policy, a special car market development have been stagnant. 1998 years After weeks of expanding domestic demand, home increase input in the construction of a copy and so on a series of positive financial administration For a special car, at the same time as the automobile industry of the development of a key, expanded in special steam The car needs, by 2000, China's national 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業設計  2 economy operation to make major turning point, economy into a Rapid growth, a special car market went out of whack. The market size, volume increases for Elsevier date: 2008-10 a plus 14 Rise. In 2000, the production of various kinds of special automobile (including dump truck, half hanged tractor, etc.) and. Ol A 2 |, accounting for about 25% of commercial vehicles. By 2006 up to 562000 vehicles. Accounting for years Goods of the car around 40%. This shows that the Chinese commercial vehicles with the speed of the following in constantly Fast, following the trend is more and more obvious. Figure l for 1998-2006 China's special vehicle The production status.      Fig 1 Special Purpose Vehicle Production of China from 1998 tO 2006 Our country a special car after 40 DuoNian development, it has 1 million cars in The production ability, constantly optimize the structure of the company, have a lot of enterprises to participate in international competition Industry, in product variety, class, process equipment, independent research and development capacity and a big lift High, about 60% of the special automobile production enterprise has complete product research and development system. Some less Some products have reached the international advanced level. Watch for 2003 2006 l special steam in our country Import and export situation, we can see that car. In 2003, a special car imported J 285 cars, exports 841 cars, exports account for 65% of the amount into r d, to 2006, to reduce the amount into L1 625 cars, out 1:3 quantity but increased to 4479 vehicles, exports is 7.2 times of imports. Therefore, our country A special car has basically realize from the transformation of import to export.  2. our country the existing problems in the development of a special car  In global terms, our country a special car present a van to turn, ChongXingHua, intelligent, high grade Change, the development trend of the multi-polarization. And with 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業設計  3 the new industry, the incessant, and development, in the AD Door transport and special the homework is more and more obvious superiority, special vehicle market is in fast Speed growth period. But, our country special automobile industry overall and to Europe, the U.S., Japan and other countries and The advanced level of area compared, also has the very big disparity is still relatively low level of competition, the main body serious Now the following respects. 1) production enterprise had spread too much  In recent years, the rapid growth of economy and the rapid construction of expressway, prompting many enterprise Invest in van, tank car to car, dump and special semi-trailer which mainly low, medium The value added products specialized automobile production in, they or expand series, or to increase production. to Make the above all kinds of products are several hundred enterprise production. But the domestic market of use has more High technology content and high value-added products, special car only comes from domestic enterprise and a few Foreign enterprise. At present our country most special automobile production enterprise symptoms is: ChangDian volume is dispersed, Small, development ability is weak. Table 2 for 2006 years in China production enterprise (special vehicle production The main car factory) divided by production situation, we can find that, production in the l 000 vehicle The QiYeShu modified enterprise of under 76.6% of the total, enterprise, ChanChang number production quantity Less. The problem is: which has process equipment level behind and low production efficiency； Repeat born Production is serious, serious comprehensive production capacity surplus； Product quality is uneven, marketing means of a single, Enterprise profit ability is poor, participate in international market competition ability are relatively weak.  2) product structure is not reasonable  Trucks, buses specialty extent will promote transportation efficiency and the quality of the homework now High. The 20 th century, s in many developed countries from truck chassis. Based on IIii adapted to Auto possession of special accounts for about 50% of the trucks quantities, now has been increased to 80% in the four J. Our country a special car start later, after DuoNian development, although before and already has a life Production scale, become an important part of the automobile industry in our country, but a special car 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業設計  4 quantities of load Van quantities is still less than 40%. The developed countries of parts of specialized automobile products to ChongXingHua, Special function of strong, high technical content the direction of development, and the market demand, the variety has a match More than 6 000, the product structure is reasonable, and heavy, medium, the proportion of 3:4:3 close to light. I Countries at present a special car varieties although has reached 000, but 5 heavy, medium, light ratio for 2:5:3. Because of the road conditions and special automobile chassis production in our country, the limit of a car Straight to medium to give priority to. The proportion of heavy car obviously low, the product structure is not reasonable, and skills Art and quality level also intermingled.  3) technology including the higher product development ability of autonomous  A special car is a kind of high technology products, it will machinery, electronics, hydraulic, chemical, environmental protection On fields of advanced technology in a modular integration special automobile chassis, so as to realize Certain specific functions ", so the car production characteristics is high technical requirements and many varieties, Small batch, market demand change quickly. Foreign exclusive products used car basically brought The advanced technology, related domain product development innovation quick ly to the largest extent satisfy user The special needs. And our country special automobile in output is already has a large scale, but the majority Is labor-intensive low technical content of products, such as semi-trailer, dump. Some technical The content is higher specialized automobile products production, but not very few enterprise by introducing Technology and own development reached higher level. Due to insufficient investment in technology, lack of funds Giants. Lack of innovation, independent development ability is weak, result in some high technology content of products and shut Key parts still needs to import, such as hydraulic parts, pumps, valves, control of instruments and other M J, so restricted The high level of the development and production of special cars. At the same time, domestic some strong car manufacturers In product technology and capital investment, there is also a lay particular stress on the car, of cars, buses and special light Car (special automobile chassis) phenomenon.   黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業設計  5 附錄 B 我國專用汽車現狀問題與對策       當今世界，隨著經濟的快速發展，高速公路里程的迅速增加。汽車向專業化、高速化、重型化方向發展的趨勢越來越明顯，促使對專用汽車的需求逐年增加。專用車已成為運輸及各種特殊用途的主力車種，在汽車工業中占有舉足輕重的地位。專用汽車是指裝霞有專用設備、具備專用功能、用于承擔專門運輸任務或專項作業的汽車，專用汽車的研制、生產和應用不僅在實現專業化運輸和作業方面受到社會的，一泛重視和歡迎，而且在提高運輸效率、降低運輸成本、擴大汽車的應用領域等方面都發揮著極重要的作用。  1）我國專用 汽車的發展簡況       我國專用汽車的生產是 20 世紀 60 年代初在軍用改裝車、消防改裝車的基礎卜逐步發展起來的。 70 年代，一些專用汽車生產廠家根據國民經濟各部門的不同需要，形成了自己的產品特色，逐步成為某一門類專業汽車生產的骨干企業。如生產半掛車的漢陽特種汽車制造廠、生產粉罐車的武漢專用汽車廠、生產冷藏汽車的鎮江冷藏汽車廠等。 80 年代，隨著國民經濟的發展，專用汽車得到了較大的發展，在汽車行業中形成廠獨立的專用汽車行業，并成為經濟建設中的雪要運輸與作業裝備。 1993 1996 年間，由于受到國家宏觀經濟調控政策 的影響，專用汽車市場發展一直處于停滯狀態。1998 年以后，周家實行了擴大內需，加大摹本建設投入等一系列積極的財政政策，同時將專用汽車作為汽車行業發展的一個重點，擴大了對專用汽車的需求，到 2000 年，我國國民經濟運行出現重大轉折，經濟進入較高速增長期，專用汽車市場走出低谷。市場容量增大，產銷量持續上升。 2000 年我國生產各種專用車 (含自卸車、半掛牽引車等 )18.01 萬輛，占載貨汽車的 25左右。到 2006 年已達到 56 2 萬輛占載貨汽車的40左右。這表明我國載貨汽車專用化的速度在不斷加快，專用化趨勢越來越明 顯。圖 l為 1998 2006 年我國專用汽車的生產狀況。       我國專用汽車經過 40 多年的發展，目前已經具備 100 萬輛的年生產能力，企業結構不斷優化，出現了一些能夠參與國際競爭的企業，在產品品種、檔次、工藝裝備、自主研發能力等方面有了很大提高， 60左右的專用汽車生產企業擁有完備的產品研發體系。有少部分產品已達到國際先進水平。表 l 為 2003 2006 年我國專用汽車進出口情況，可以看出。 2003 年我國專用汽車進口 1285 輛，出口 841 輛，出口量占進口量的 65，到 2006 年，進口量減少到