Unit2ExploringEnglishUsingLanguagegrammar

TheEnglishExploringtripStartingOut:In5thcenturyInclusivenessWidelyusedUnderstandingideas:In15thCrazy–interestingCreativeUsinglanguage1:

In17th在古代歐洲，

apple一詞被用來表示任何一種樹或灌木的果實。Pineapple從西班牙語pine演變而來，原意是松樹的球果，即“松果”。17世紀中期，一位意大利著名旅行家彼特羅·代拉·瓦勒（PietrodellaValle）的著作流傳至英國。他在著作中提到，在新大陸的熱帶地區有一種水果，形狀很像pineapple（松果）。其他很多人也注意到了菠蘿和松果在外形上的相似性。因此，在英語中菠蘿也被稱為pineapple，而松果則用pinecone來表示。VideoUsing

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So,howisthewordpineappleformed（構成）?Using

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+=pineapple+pineapple=1Review:wordformationUsing

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構詞法(wordformation)合成法(compound)

(combiningtwoormorewords)詞綴法(affix)(addingaprefixorsuffix)轉化法(conversion)(changingthepartofspeech)縮寫(abbreviating)前綴(prefix)后綴(suffix)Using

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1

合成法compound把兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞，這種構詞法叫合成法，由合成法構成的詞叫合成詞。合成詞包括合成名詞、合成動詞、合成形容詞等。butterflybutterflymooncakemooncakeUsing

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(1)n.+n.:airconditioner（空調）；bloodpressure（血壓）(2)adj.+n.：centralbank（中央銀行）；fastfood（快餐）(3)v-ing.+n.：washingmachine（洗衣機）；drivinglicense（駕駛證）(4)n.+v-ing.：story-telling（講故事）；hand-writing（筆跡）(5)adv.+v.：outbreak（爆發）；output（產量）(6)v.+adv.：breakdown（故障）；feedback（反饋）1.合成名詞Using

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2.合成形容詞(1)詞尾為過去分詞或+ed:absent-minded（心不在焉的）；hand-made（手工的）(2)詞尾為現在分詞：good-looking（好看的）；easy-going（隨和的）(3)詞尾為形容詞：duty-free（免稅的）；homesick（想家的）3.合成動詞overcome（戰勝）;undergo（經歷）4.合成副詞whole-heartedly（全心全意地）;downstairs（在樓下）Using

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FindtheCompoundingwordsinthereadingmaterialandgivethemeanings.Whilewe’redoingallthistravelling,wecangetseasickatsea,airsickintheairandcarsickinacar,butwedon’tgethomesickwhenwegetbackhome.Andspeakingofhome,whyaren’thomeworkandhouseworkthesamething?seasick（暈船）;airsick（暈機）;carsick（暈車）;homesick（想家）;homework（家庭作業）;housework（家務事）Using

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2派生法affix在一個詞根的前面或后面加上某個詞綴生成一個新詞，這種構詞法稱為派生法。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在后面的詞綴叫后綴。unemployment單詞=前綴詞根后綴改變詞義詞的本意改變詞性Using

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1.表示否定意義前綴：Prefix-前綴前綴一般只改變詞的意義，不改變詞性dis-in-il-im-ir-mis-non-un-convenient→inconvenient(不方便的)legal→illegal(不合法的)possible→impossible(不可能的)responsible→irresponsible(不負責的)ability→disability(無能力;殘疾)understand→misunderstand（誤解）profit→non-profit（非營利的）certain→uncertain（不確定的）Using

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Prefix-前綴by-“附近，鄰近”road→byroad（側道）under-“在......下面”ground→underground（地鐵）inter-“在……間，相互”national→international（國際的）mid-“中間”night→midnight（午夜）,

autumn→mid-autumn（中秋）re-“又,再”arrange→rearrange（重新安排）en-“使......”able→enable（使能夠）pre-“前”war→pre-war（戰前的）post-“后”war→post-war（戰后的）2.表示空間位置，方向關系的前綴4.表示其他意義3.表示時間Using

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Advantage+disSensitive+inMoral+imLogical+ilreversible(可逆的）+irNecessary+undisadvantage不利的insensitive不敏感的immoral不道德的illogical無邏輯的irreversible不可逆的unnecessary沒有必要的給以下單詞加上前綴并猜測詞義Using

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Suffix-后綴后綴通常改變詞性，構成意思相近的其他詞性的詞。名詞后綴形容詞后綴動詞后綴副詞后綴Using

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常見形容詞后綴Using

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常見形容詞后綴Using

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常見名詞后綴Using

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常見名詞后綴Using

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常見動詞與副詞后綴Using

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常見數詞后綴Using

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找出段落中的派生詞并猜測詞義Inourfreetimewecansculptasculptureandpaintapainting.Whyhardlyandsoftlynotanopposingpair?Ifharmlessactionaretheoppositeofharmfulactions,whyareshamelessandshamefulbehaviorsthesame.Youalsohavetowonderattheuniquemadnessofalanguage.Sculpture,hardly,softly,harmless,harmful,shameless,shameful,madness.Using

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3轉化法conversion一個單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種或幾種詞性，這種構詞法稱為轉化法。(1)動詞名詞Lookatme.Letmehavealook.(3)形容詞動詞Ourclassroomisveryclean.Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.(4)形容詞名詞(意義改變)Youareright.Citizenshavetherighttospeakfreely.(2)名詞動詞Openyourbook.Imustbooktheticket.Using

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請大家判斷詞性轉化類型,然后翻譯句子.(1)Letmehaveatry.(2)Youcould

shoulder

thetask.(3)Youshouldtryyourbesttobetteryourperformance.v.-n.讓我來試一試。n.-v.你可以承擔這項任務。adj.-v.你應該盡最大努力讓自己有更好的表現。Using

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4縮略法縮略法是把原有的詞匯縮短，使讀音和寫法呈現新的形式，詞義和詞性保持不變。WorldHealthOrganization→WHOInformationTechnology→ITtelephone→phoneaeroplane→plane2.截頭縮略1.首字母縮略examination→examlaboratory→lab3.去尾縮略Using

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寫出下列表達的縮略形式并譯成漢語(1)photograph________________________(2)laboratory________________________(3)gymnasium________________________(4)examination________________________(5)informationtechnology________________________(6)WorldTradeOrganization________________________(7)thePeople’sRepublicofChina________________________photo照片lab實驗室gym健身房，體育館exam考試IT信息技術WTO世界貿易組織

PRC中華人民共和國Using

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Activity1：Lookatthesentencesandexpressionsfromthereadingpassage.Matchthewordsinboldtothetypesofwordformation.a

Neitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b

...sculptasculpture...c

Whenwe...seerain...,wecansay“it’sraining”...d

WHO1

abbreviating2

changingthepartofspeech3

addingaprefixorsuffix4

combiningtwoormorewordsUsing

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Activity2：Completethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Whenyouopenadictionary,youoftencomeacrossalotofunfamiliarwords.Youmightthinkthisisabitscary.Butmanyofthemareformedusingothersimplerwords.Thisiscalledwordformation.Wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,__________(afriendthatyoucontactbywriting,traditionallyusingapen)and__________(knownbymanypeople).penfriendwell-knownWhatiscalledwordformationWhatarecalledcompoundsandsomeexamples.Using

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Prefixesandsuffixesoftenhavefixedmeanings.Ifyouaddun-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeanstheopposite.Forexample,ifsomethingisn’tcorrectit’s________,andifsomeoneisn’thappytheyare_________.Wordswiththesuffixes-mentand-nessareoftennouns.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimprovedalot,theyhavemadegreat____________.incorrectunhappyimprovement

Somenounsandadjectivescanbeusedasverbs,ortheotherwayround.Whenwecalmsomebodydown,theybecome______.Andwecangivesomeoneapresentby__________it.calmpresentingPrefiesandsuffiesoftenhavefixedmeanings.Thepartofspeechcanbechanged.Activity2：Completethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Using

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Andsometimesawordismadeupofthefirstlettersofseveralwords:“WorldTradeOrganization”canbereferredtoas_____,and______isshortfor“assoonaspossible”.Itisimpossibletoknowthemeaningofeveryword,butknowingaboutwordformationcanhelpusguesstheirmeanings.WTOASAPHowwordformationcanhelpus.AbbreviatingActivity2：Completethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Using

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Guessinggame!Bank:ICBCABCBCMPBOCCompoundLady+fingerWater+