重難點重難點閱讀理解之記敘文【命題趨勢】記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發生、發展和結局，通常有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發展的經過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大。命題往往從故事的情節、人物或事件之間的關系、作者的意圖和態度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學生對細節的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。【滿分技巧】高考閱讀理解體裁紛繁多樣，但每套試卷通常包含一到兩篇記敘文。在所有的閱讀體裁中，記敘文的難度相對是比較低的。如果掌握了閱讀的技巧，多多實踐，閱讀能力就有可能大大提高。要熟練掌握記敘文的閱讀技巧，了解記敘文的寫作特點與命題特點也是有必要的。一、記敘文寫作特點記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來，描繪事物和人物情景狀態、過程及發展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說、童話、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。就寫作順序而言，記敘文要么是按時間順序，要么是按事件的重要性的順序來展開。不管是哪種敘述方法，最后經常會有一兩句話抒發作者的情緒與感悟，這是記敘文的精華所在，也是閱讀的難點所在。二、記敘文命題特點從命題形式上看，常見的有細節理解、詞義猜測、主旨大意、推理判斷、作者意圖等題型。除了推論或詞義辨識題，記敘文命題的順序一般都會按照文章的脈絡和故事發展的順序層層推進，否則就會覺得別扭，邏輯不通。同時我們必須弄明白整件事情的發展脈絡。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類的題目，則取決于文章的落句，集中考查對作者所發的感觸的理解。綜上所述，記敘文的應對策略即：不漏細節，奠定基礎；把準寓意，方能成功。三、記敘文答題技巧要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應該有一套針對性強的方法和技巧。No.1順藤摸瓜記敘文中有大量的事件發展過程中的細節，包括記敘文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我們作答細節題的時候，就沒有那么復雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。No.2左顧右盼在做題過程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語或句子。這時我們需要認真研究問題，抓住題干中的關鍵詞語，然后到文中準確地找到與之相關的語句，或是疑似語句的位置，接著去左顧，或右盼，在前句或后句尋找線索。No.3刨根問底如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實際上是同一類型的問題，或者說是可用同種方法解答的題型。在解答此類題目的時候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四個可選項中，一個一個地去證實，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目，比如＂Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?＂或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?＂之類的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時還少不了借助自己的生活經驗和常理來體會這言外之意。No.4撥云見日每年的高考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會出現一至兩道詞義猜測題。而這些詞匯往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有點頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。這時，你不僅需要＂左顧右盼＂，還需要在幾句話，一個段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發生了些什么；反復琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與事物之間的內在聯系，才可能在最后撥開團團迷霧，從四個選項中選出正確答案。【熱點話題】記敘文熱衷話題有：人物故事類，生活經歷類。【限時檢測】（建議用時：每篇7分鐘）A（2021·四川遂寧·模擬預測）話題：文章講述了在東京奧運會十米氣步槍的項目中，中國參賽選手楊倩取得世界冠軍的過程。難度：★★建議用時：7分ChineseyounggunYangQianclaimedthefirstgoldoftheTokyoOlympicswithavictoryinwomen’s10mairrifle(氣步槍)onJuly24inTokyo,Japan.RussianmarkswomanAnastasiiaGalashinatookthesilverandNinaChristenofSwitzerlandbaggedthebronze.Yang,whowasrankedsixthinthequalification,scored251.8pointsinthefinal,beatingGalashina’s251.1pointstosetoffTeamChinatoafinestartinTokyo.Trailingbyamere0.1pointaheadofthefinaltwoshots,Yangsawthegapwidendespitea10.7-pointshot,asherrivalmadeanimpressive10.8.However,whenitcametothelastshotthatwoulddefinetheeventualchampion,Galashinasurprisinglyshotfor8.9points,andlosttheOlympictitletoYang,whohada9.8.“Iamveryhappyandproudtowinthisgold,”saidthe21-year-oldinacalmtone.TheresultsetthestandardforfutureOlympiccompetitorsasTokyo2020isthefirstgamesundernewcompetitionrulesfortheevent.“Iwasextremelynervousbeforethefinalshot,andallIcoulddowastocalmdown,”theyoungOlympicchampionrecalled.“Iwasn’tascalmasIappearedtobe.DuringthequalificationandthefinalIkeptadjustingmymentality(心態)gradually,tryingtoshakethepressureoffme,andIthinkIdidwellindoingso.”Yanghadtostanduptoalongwaitforothershooterstofinishtheirshotsbeforereachingthefinal.ThefavoredIndianduo,worldrecordholder，ApurviChandelaandworldNo.1ElavenilValarivan,bowedoutafterthe60-shotqualificationround.NorwegianJeanetteHeggDuestadwasthedarkhorseinthequalification,settinganOlympicrecordof632.9points.Butthe22-year-oldnarrowlymissedthemedalsinthefinal.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toshowthecourseoftheshootingevent.B．TostatetheeventsoftheTokyoOlympics.C．Tointroducetheresultoftheshootingevent.D．ToexplainthecompetitionrulesoftheOlympics.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Trailing”probablymeaninparagraph2?A．Scoring.B．Measuring.C．Winning.D．Losing.3.WhatcanweinferfromYang’swords?A．Shewastoonervoustokeepcalm.B．Itwasdifficulttodefeatheropponents.C．Beingmentallycalmiscrucialtohersuccess.D．Shenarrowlywonthegoldduetoamistake.4.Whichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Educationandculture.B．Sportsandhealth.C．Scienceandtechnology.D．Natureandgeography.【答案】1-4CDCB【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在東京奧運會十米氣步槍的項目中，中國參賽選手楊倩取得世界冠軍的過程。1．推理判斷題。根據第一段第一、二句話“RussianmarkswomanAnastasiiaGalashinatookthesilverandNinaChristenofSwitzerlandbaggedthebronze.Yang,whowasrankedsixthinthequalification,scored251.8pointsinthefinal,beatingGalashina’s251.1pointstosetoffTeamChinatoafinestartinTokyo.”可知，第一段主要介紹了在東京奧運會十米氣步槍的項目中冠亞季軍的比賽成績，因此第一段的主要目的是介紹射擊成績。故選C項。2．詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞后文“Yangsawthegapwidendespitea10.7-pointshot,asherrivalmadeanimpressive10.8.”可知，楊倩落后對手0.1分。由此推知，劃線詞Trailing與losing意思接近。故選D項。3．推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句話“Iwasn’tascalmasIappearedtobe.DuringthequalificationandthefinalIkeptadjustingmymentalitygradually,tryingtoshakethepressureoffme,andIthinkIdidwellindoingso.”可知，楊倩的內心是不平靜的，但是她一直在努力調整自己的心態，所以可以推斷出楊倩的言外之意是：有良好的心態對于比賽奪冠是至關重要的。故選C項。4．推理判斷題。根據文章首句“ChineseyounggunYangQianclaimedthefirstgoldoftheTokyoOlympicswithavictoryinwomen’s10mairrifleonJuly24inTokyo,Japan.”可知，文章開篇點題。文章講述了在東京奧運會十米氣步槍的項目中，中國參賽選手楊倩取得世界冠軍的過程。由此推知，文章最有可能來源于體育與健康相關的雜志。故選B項。B（2021·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中模擬預測）話題：本文講述了貓王的成名史以及貓王在美國流行文化上所作的貢獻。難度：★★建議用時：7分WhenElvisPresleydiedonAugust16th,1977,radioandtelevisionprogramsallovertheworldwereinterruptedtogivethenewsofhisdeath.PresidentCarterdeclaredadayofnationalmourning.Cartersaid,"ElvisPresleychangedthefaceofAmericanpopularculture...Hewasuniqueandirreplaceable."Eightythousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral.Thestreetswerejammedwithcars,andElvisPresleyfilmswereshownontelevision,andhisrecordswereplayedontheradioallday.Intheyearafterhisdeath,onehundredmillionPresleyLPs(密紋唱片)weresold.ElvisPresleywasbornonJanuary8th,1935,inTupelo,Mississippi.HisparentswereverypoorandElvisneverhadmusiclessons,buthewassurroundedbymusicfromanearlyage.Hisparentswereveryreligious,andElvisregularlysangatchurchservices.In1948,whenhewasthirteen,hisfamilymovedtoMemphis,Tennessee.Heleftschoolin1953andgotajobasatruckdriver.Inthesummerof1953,Elvispaidfourdollarsandrecordedasongforhismother'sbirthdayatSamPhillips'SunRecordsstudio.SamPhillipsheardElvisandaskedhimtorecordThat'sAllRight.Twentythousandcopiesweresold.HemadefivemorerecordsforSun.TheninJuly1955,hemetColonelTomParker,whobecamehismanagerinNovember.OnJanuary10th,1956,ElvisrecordedHeartbreakHotel,andamillioncopiesweresold.Inthenextfourteenmonths,hemadeanotherfourteenrecords,andtheywereallbighits.In1956,healsomadehisfirstfilminHollywood.InMarch1958,Elvishadtojointhearmy.Hewantedtobeanordinarysoldier.Whenhishairwascut,thousandsofwomencried.HespentthenexttwoyearsinGermany,wherehemetPriscillaBeaulieu,whobecamehiswifeeightyearslateronMay1st,1967.In1960,heleftthearmyandwenttoHollywoodwherehemadeseveralfilmsduringthenextfewyears.By1968manypeoplehadbecometiredofElvis.Hehadn'tperformedlivesince1960,butherecordedanewLPFromElvisinMemphisandappearedinaspecialtelevisionprogram.Hebecamepopularagain,andwenttoLasVegas,wherehewaspaidsevenhundredfiftythousanddollarsforfourweeks.InAugustof1977,hediedfromaheartattack.Hehasbeenworkingtoohard,andeatinganddrinkingtoomuchforseveralyears.Heleftallhismoneytohisonlydaughter,LisaMariePresley.ThefirstsongElvisrecordedwas________.A．ahitovernight B．playedontheradioC．soldwellinLasVegas D．agiftforhismother'sbirthday6.HowdidElvisbeginhiscareerin1953?A．Byattendingchurchservices. B．BymeetingColonelTomParker.C．ByrecordingHeartbreakHotel. D．BygettingrecognizedbySamPhillips.7.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Elvislearntmusicfromhisfather.B．Elvisoncelosthispopularityinthe60s.C．Elvisbecameadrinkerwhenhegotajobasatruckdriver.D．Elvis'shairwascutinthearmybecauseofhiswrongdoings.8.WhydidElvisgaingreatrespectafterhisdeath?A.Hegaveawayallhismoneytothepoor.B.Heachievedsuccessinallhisrecords.C.Hewonunexampledrecognitioninhisperformance.D.HecontributedtothedevelopmentofAmericanpopculture.【答案】5-8DDBD【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，以時間順序講述了貓王的成名史以及貓王在美國流行文化上所作的貢獻。5．細節理解題。根據文章第三段“Inthesummerof1953Elvispaidfourdollarsandrecordedasongforhismother'sbirthdayatSamPhillipsSunRecordsstudio.”可知，貓王錄制的第一首歌是送給他母親的生日禮物。故選D項。6．推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“SamPhillipsheardElvisandaskedhimtorecordThat'sAllRight.Twentythousandcopiesweresold.HemadefivemorerecordsforSun.（山姆菲利普斯聽了貓王的歌，請他錄制《That’sAllRight》。這首歌賣出了2萬張。他又為太陽唱片公司創造了五張唱片)”可推斷，正是通過得到山姆菲利普斯的認可，貓王開始了他的職業生涯。故選D項。7．細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“By1968manypeoplehadbecometiredofElvis.Hehadn'tperformedlivesince1960.“可知貓王曾經在60年代失去了他的知名度。故選B項。8．細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“Cartersaid:"ElvisPresleychangedthefaceofAmericanpopularculture...Hewasuniqueandirreplaceable."（卡特說:“貓王改變了美國流行文化的面貌……他是獨一無二的，無可替代的。”)”可知，貓王去世后獲得了極大的尊重，因為他為美國流行文化的發展做出了貢獻。故選D項。C（2021·海南·一模）話題：文章主要講述了BethWalker追求零廢物的生活方式。難度：★★建議用時：7分ThefirstyearofBethWalker'squestforazero-wastelifestyle,therubbishinherlifewouldn'thavefilledawastepaperbasket.Butnowshe'sstoppedkeepingtrack.Herjourneybeganafteratalkbyeco-groupTheRubbishTripin2017.Likemostpeople,shethoughtrecyclingwasenoughtosavetheplanetfromdrowninginplastic.Buttherealityisthatmostpackagingisn'tacceptedbyrecyclingcompaniesandtheplasticinouroceansisstillsnowing.Nowadays,Beth'sbeliefistorefuse,repair,andreuse.Sherefusestobuyanythingthatcomesinapacket.Localbakeriesandbutcheries,shefound,wouldhappilyprovidefoodinherowncontainer.ThenshemovedtoWellington,andthingsgotabitharder.Manybulk(散裝)foodstoreswereonlyopenduringworkhours,andshegratefullyturnedtotheregionalshoppingguidesputoutbyTheRubbishTrip.Shetookeverychancetoshowoffher"takeeverywherebag",whichcontainsaclothforhanddryingandcleaning，akeepcup,andacontainer.Mostimportantly,shesays,it'saprivilege(榮耀)tomakethesechoices.Butshe'scautiousnottopushherideasdownpeople'sthroats."It'swhat'ssustainableforyoupersonally,"shesaid.Mostrewardingwasseeingtheeffectonthosearoundher.Herdadproudlytoldanyonewhowouldlistenhowhisdaughterwasgoingwaste-free.Herflatmatesalsoagreedtogowaste-freewhencookingfortheflatandtoremotethebinfromthekitchen.AndeveryplasticcontainertheybroughtintothehousewasanotherforBeth'scollection.WhatmadeBethchooseazero-wastelifestyle?A．Aspeechshelistenedto. B．Otherstudents'influence.C．Theproductsofpoorquality. D．Thelackofrecyclingfactories.10.WhichisBethtryingtoavoid?A．Reusingapaperbag. B．Relyingonrecyclingcompanies.C．Repairingabrokentool. D．Refusingobjectsinapacket.11.WhydidBethshowoffher"takeeverywherebag"?A．Toinfluenceothers. B．Toshowherkindness.C．Toproveherwealth. D．Tohighlightherprivilege.12.Whatwasherflatmates'attitudetowardsBeth'sbehavior?A．Mixed.B．Unconcerned.C．Supportive.D．Unclear.【答案】9-12ADAC【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了BethWalker追求零廢物的生活方式。9．細節理解題。根據文章“Herjourneybeganafteratalkbyeco-groupTheRubbishTripin2017.(她的旅程始于2017年生態組織“垃圾之旅”的一次演講)”可知，在BethWalker聽了一場演講后，貝絲選擇了零浪費的生活方式。故選A。10．細節理解題。根據文章第四段“Sherefusestobuyanythingthatcomesinapacket.(她拒絕買任何包裝的東西)”可知，BethWalker拒絕有包裝的物品。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Mostrewardingwasseeingtheeffectonthosearoundher.(最值得的是看到她周圍的人的影響)

”可知，BethWalker炫耀她的“隨身帶包”的原因是希望影響別人。故選A。12．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Herflatmatesalsoagreedtogowaste-freewhencookingfortheflatandtoremotethebinfromthekitchen.(她的室友們也同意在為公寓做飯時不浪費食物，并將垃圾桶從廚房移走)”可推知，她的室友們是持支持的態度的。故選C。D（2021·浙江金華·一模）話題：文章講述了34歲的自然攝影師MattDoogue通過攝影擺脫了自己的抑郁癥。難度：★★建議用時：7分MattDoogue,34-year-oldnaturephotographer,hadbeensufferingfromdepressionwhenhefirstfoundhispassionfortakingpicturesofinsects--andhisworkisnowfeaturedinNationalGeographic.Hesaysthathetriedtotakehisownlifenineyearsagoafterhitting“rockbottom.”“Inthebeginning,Iwassoparanoid(妄想的）andangrythatIcouldn’tleavethehouse,”saysDoogue.“WhenIattemptedtoendmylife,IknewIneededtoseesomeone.Iwenttothedoctorsandgottreatment,butIknewthatIneededsomethingmore一andthat’swhenIstartedphotography."Nowacladoftwo,Dooguefoundthatlookingatinsectsthroughacamerahelpedhiminwayshecouldneverhaveimagined一anditprovedtobethelifelineheneeded.Ithada“calmingeffect”thathelpedhimto“disconnect”fromstress;andhisastonishingimages,showinginsectsandspidersinamazingdetailagainstbrightlycoloredbackgrounds,caughttheeyeofpublishersatNationalGeographic.“Iendedupasoneoftheirfeaturedphotographers,”recalledDoogue.“Itwasthepeakofmycareer.Itwasincredible.”OriginallyfromSalford,GreaterManchester,henowlivesinArmadale,WestLothian,Scotland.ThoughhefearsthatScotlandisinthemiddleofan“epidemic”ofmalesuicide,hebelievesthatsharinghisloveofnaturephotographycanhelpotherstocopewiththeirmentalhealthissuesaswell.“Ithinktheproblemisthis‘man-up’approach;theideathatmenneedtobestrongputssomuchpressureonyoungmalestobefineallthetime,”saysDoogue.“ThisiswhyItryandbesoopenaboutmyownexperience.WheneverIamoutwithmycamera,Idon’tthinkaboutmyotherworries.Itisjustmeandtheenvironmentaroundme.Youcanloseyourselfinaspidermakingitsweb.”Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhyDooguebecamepessimistic.B．WhyDooguetookupphotography.C．HowDooguefellindepression.D．Howserioushisdepressionwas.14.AccordingtoDoogue,whatleadsScottishmentodevelopmentalhealthproblems?A．Theapproachtheyadopttosolveproblems.B．Theabsenceoflovefortheirlifeandwork.C．Theideathatmenaresupposedtobestrong.D．Theconcernthattheygetdisconnectedfrompeople.15.HowdidphotographyhelpDoogue?A．Itequippedhimwithlife-savingskills.B．Ithelpedhimtogetawayfrompressure.C．Itofferedhimadifferentwaytoexpresshimself.D．Itgavehimachancetoshowhislovefornature.16.Whatisthemainintentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．Todescribetheseriousnessofmentalproblems.B．Tointroducethebenefitsofnaturephotography.C．ToshareDoogue’sexperienceofbeatingdepression.D．Toencouragethereaderstofindtheirlovefornature.【答案】13-16BCBC【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了34歲的自然攝影師MattDoogue通過攝影擺脫了自己的抑郁癥。13．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Iwenttothedoctorsandgottreatment,butIknewthatIneededsomethingmore--andthat’swhenIstartedphotography.”可知，第一段主要講Doogue為什么選擇攝影。故選B。14．細節理解題。根據最后一段““Ithinktheproblemisthis‘man-up’approach;theideathatmenneedtobestrongputssomuchpressureonyoungmalestobefineallthetime,”saysDoogue.（“我認為問題在于這種‘男子漢’的方法；男性需要強壯的觀念給年輕男性帶來了巨大的壓力，讓他們時刻保持健康，”杜格說。）”可知，根據杜格的研究，是男人應該是強壯的觀念導致蘇格蘭男性出現心理健康問題。故選C。15．細節理解題。根據最后一段“ThoughhefearsthatScotlandisinthemiddleofan“epidemic”ofmalesuicide,hebelievesthatsharinghisloveofnaturephotographycanhelpotherstocopewiththeirmentalhealthissuesaswell.”可知，攝影幫助Doogue擺脫了壓力。故選B。16．推理判斷題。根據全文可知，文章介紹了34歲的自然攝影師MattDoogue之前患上抑郁癥，是攝影帶他轉為健康。所以作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是分享Doogue戰勝抑郁的經驗。故選C。E（2021·全國·高考真題）話題：文章主要講述了LeslieNielsen的演藝生涯。難度：★★建議用時：7分LeslieNielsen’schildhoodwasadifficultone,buthehadoneparticularshiningstarinhislife—hisuncle,whowasawell-knownactor.TheadmirationandrespecthisuncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareer(職業)inacting.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gainingascholarshiptotheNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.However,becomingafull-time,successfulactorwouldstillbeanuphillbattleforanothereightyearsuntilhelandedanumberoffilmrolesthatfinallygothimnoticed.Buteventhen,whathehadwasn’tquitewhathewanted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybuthisgoodlooksanddistinguishedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles.Itwasn’tuntil1980—32yearsintohiscareer—thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplane!Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.DidNielsenthenfeelcontentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobe