Lesson1CosmeticMarketOverview化妝品市場概況Task2TheHistoryofCosmetics任務(wù)二：化妝品的發(fā)展歷史課前回顧與預(yù)習(xí)1了解化妝品的起源、發(fā)展歷史。目錄Contents1PART1【Originofcosmetics化妝品的起源】2PART2【Developmentofcosmetics化妝品的發(fā)展】PART1【Originofcosmetics化妝品的起源】CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]Cosmeticproductsaretodaypartofourregularcultureandfashion,butthatwasnotalwaysthecase.Thefirsthumanmadecosmeticsappearedinearlymoderncivilizationssome6thousandyearsagoasthewaytoenhancetheappearanceandodorofthehumanbody,butthedifficultmanufacturingprocesses,harmfulingredientsandtheirconnectiontothehighrulingclassescreatedtheauraofexclusivityaroundthem.如今，化妝品已經(jīng)成為我們?nèi)粘Ｎ幕蜁r(shí)尚的一部分，但事實(shí)并非總是如此。作為改善人體外觀和氣味的方法，最早的人類化妝品出現(xiàn)在大約6000年前的現(xiàn)代文明早期，但制造過程困難，有害成分及其與高級統(tǒng)治階級的聯(lián)系，創(chuàng)造了他們與周圍的排他性氛圍。CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]ThefirstarcheologicalevidenceofcosmeticscomesfromtheexcavatedtombsofAncientEgyptpharaohs,buthistoriansareconvincedthatfirstnaturalmadecosmeticswereusedbyourprehistoricancestorsmuchbeforeriseofmoderncivilizations.6thousandyearoldrelicsfromEgypttellusthattheirroyaltyandhighclassenjoyedseveralcosmeticproducts,suchasfacecreams,perfumedoils,eyeliners,hairpaints,castoroil,lipsticks,andlipgloss.化妝品最早的考古證據(jù)來自于出土的古埃及法老的墳?zāi)?，但歷史學(xué)家們確信，早在現(xiàn)代文明興起之前，我們的史前祖先就已經(jīng)使用了第一批天然化妝品。六千年的古埃及遺跡告訴我們，他們的皇室和上層享有多種化妝品，如面霜，香水油，眼線，發(fā)彩，蓖麻油，唇膏和唇彩。CONTENT2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]civilization[siv?l??zei?n]n.文明；文化odor['??d?]n.氣味；名聲aura[??;r?]n.光環(huán)；氣氛；（中風(fēng)等的）預(yù)兆；氣味exclusivity[eksklu:?siv?ti]n.排外性；獨(dú)占權(quán)；特有性frown[fra?n]vi.皺眉；不同意vt.皺眉，蹙額n.皺眉，蹙額archeological[,ɑ:ki?'l?d?ik?l]adj.考古學(xué)的excavate[?eksk?veit]vt.挖掘；開鑿vi.發(fā)掘；細(xì)查tomb[tu?m]n.墳?zāi)?；死亡vt.埋葬CONTENT2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]pharaoh[?fero?]n.法老；暴君prehistoric[pri?hi?st??rik]adj.史前的；陳舊的ancestor[??nsest?r]n.始祖，祖先；被繼承人relic[?relik]n.遺跡，遺物；廢墟；紀(jì)念物castoroil蓖麻油PART2【Developmentofcosmetics化妝品的發(fā)展】基督教興起后，基督教婦女開始用珠寶和化妝品來慶祝她們的宗教。然而，隨著羅馬帝國的衰落，歐洲進(jìn)入了黑暗時(shí)代，惡劣的生活條件、貧窮、疾病和不斷的戰(zhàn)爭阻止了昂貴和奢侈的時(shí)尚潮流的傳播。這意味著幾乎所有化妝品的痕跡都從歐洲文化中消失了，不僅因?yàn)樗南∪?，還因?yàn)榛浇虝e極阻止它的傳播。CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]WhenChristianityrose,Christianwomanstartedtocelebratetheirreligionwithjewelryandcosmetics.However,withthefalloftheRomanEmpire,Europeenteredintodarkageswhereharshlivingconditions,poverty,illnessesandconstantwarspreventedthespreadingofexpensiveandextravagantfashiontrends.ThismeantthatalmostalltracesofcosmeticproductdisappearedfromtheEuropeanculture,notonlybecauseofitsscarcitybutalsobecauseChristianchurchactivelypreventedit’sspreading.TheonlyreallypopularperiodoftimewhencosmeticswaswellreceivedwasduringandshortlyafterthereignofEnglishQueenElizabethI(1558-1603).HeruniquefashionstyleofstarkwhitefacesandbrightlycoloredlipscapturedtheattentionofroyaltyandaristocratsacrossEnglandandFrance,butthatlastedonlyforashorttime.CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]化妝品唯一真正受歡迎的時(shí)期是在英國女王伊麗莎白一世(1558-1603)統(tǒng)治期間及之后不久。她獨(dú)特的時(shí)尚風(fēng)格——純白的臉龐和色彩鮮艷的嘴唇吸引了英國和法國皇室和貴族的注意，但這只持續(xù)了很短的時(shí)間。Thedawnofcosmeticusefinallyarrivedinthesecondpartof19thcenturywhenindustrialrevolutionandgreatadvancesinchemistry(chemicalfragrances)enabledmucheasierandvariedproductionofvariouscosmeticproducts.Withmuchlowerpriceandchemicalingredientsthatweremuchlessdangerousforhealth,cosmeticsstartedgainingseriousfoothold.19世紀(jì)后半葉，工業(yè)革命和化學(xué)的巨大進(jìn)步(化學(xué)香料)使得各種化妝品的生產(chǎn)更加容易，也更加多樣化，化妝品的使用終于迎來了曙光。由于價(jià)格低得多，化學(xué)成分對健康的危害也小得多，化妝品開始站穩(wěn)了腳跟。CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]Theturningpointinthewesternfashioncamein1920swhenmassmarketedcosmeticproductsfinallybecamefinanciallyviable.Earlydecadesofcosmeticspopularityinthewestbroughtusmanyinventiveproducts,suchasLipGlossbyMaxFactor,synthetichairdyeandsunscreenbyL'Oréal,suntanandrednailpolishbyCocoChanel,andothers.西方時(shí)尚的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)20年代，當(dāng)時(shí)大規(guī)模銷售的化妝品終于在經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行了。化妝品在西方流行的最初幾十年給我們帶來了許多發(fā)明產(chǎn)品，如MaxFactor的唇彩，L'Oréal的合成染發(fā)劑和防曬霜，可可·香奈兒的防曬霜和紅色指甲油，等等。CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]CONTENT1[TextReading文章閱讀]AftertheWorldWarIIanditsperiodofheavymaterialrationing,cosmeticindustryexperienceditssecondrenaissance.Today,cosmeticsindustryisamulti-billiondollarbusinessthatstretchesacrossentireworld,alwaysfindingnewwaysandfashiontrendsthatsustainsandensuresitsgrowth.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，化妝品工業(yè)經(jīng)歷了第二次復(fù)興。今天，化妝品行業(yè)是一個(gè)數(shù)十億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè)，遍布全球，總是尋找新的方式和時(shí)尚趨勢，以維持和確保其增長。CONTENT2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Christianity[?kr?sti??n?ti]n.基督教;基督教徒;基督教教義;harsh[hɑ??]adj.嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的；丑陋的scarcity[?skers?ti]n.不足；缺乏warrior[?w??ri?r]n.戰(zhàn)士，勇士；鼓吹戰(zhàn)爭的人exotic[iɡ?z?tik]adj.異國的；外來的；異國情調(diào)的influx[?infl?ks]n.流入；匯集；河流的匯集處Renaissance[ri?neisns]文藝復(fù)興footholdn.據(jù)點(diǎn)；立足處synthetic[sin?θetik]adj.綜合的；合成的，人造的n.合成物FinishtheAfter-classReadingExercise.FinishtheTranslationExercise.鞏固與提升Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent1________yearsago,thefirstcosmeticsappearedin_______________.2In________,cosmeticswasbroughtto___________wherewomanwasnotconsideredbeautifulifshedidnotuse_____cosmetics.3Around__________,when__________rose,evenkingssometimespaintedtheir__________.

4Withthefallofthe___________,almostalltracesofcosmeticproductdisappeared.5Inthe12thand_____century,warriorsbroughtexoticcosmeticitemsfromthe____________whereneveroutoffashion.6(1558-1603)Theonlytimewhencosmeticswaspopularwasduringthereignof_________________________.7Between______________and_________________,cosmeticproductswereuncommonamongmajorityofEuropeancivilization.8Thedawnofcosmeticsarrivedin_____________________,thanksto______________________andgreatadvancesinchemistry.9In______,theturningpoint,

whenmassmarketedcosmeticproductsbecamefinanciallyviable.10After_____________,cosmeticindustryexperiencedits_____renaissance.11Today,cosmeticsindustryisa_________________business.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線Thefirsthumanmadecosmeticsappearedinearlymoderncivilizationssome6thousandyearsagoasthewaytoenhancetheappearanceandodorofthehumanbody,......最早的人類化妝品出現(xiàn)在大約6000年前的現(xiàn)代文明早期，作為一種增強(qiáng)人體外觀和氣味的方式。Keys:

6thousandyearsago,

thefirstcosmeticsappearedinearlymoderncivilizations.

No.YearImportantEvent1________yearsago,thefirstcosmeticsappearedin_______________.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線InRome,womanwasnotconsideredbeautifulifshedidnotusefacialcosmetics.Lipsticks,skincreamsmadefrombeeswax,oliveoilsandrosewater,powders,haircolorsandmanyotherbeautytreatmentswerewidelyusedintheperiodof100BCandbeyond.在羅馬，女人如果不化妝就被認(rèn)為不美麗。唇膏、由蜂蠟制成的護(hù)膚霜、橄欖油和玫瑰水、粉末、染發(fā)劑和許多其他美容產(chǎn)品在公元前100年及以后被廣泛使用。Keys:

Intheperiodof100BC,cosmeticswasbroughttoRomewherewomanwasnotconsideredbeautifulifshedidnotusefacialcosmetics.

No.YearImportantEvent2In________,cosmeticswasbroughtto___________wherewomanwasnotconsideredbeautifulifshedidnotuse_____cosmetics.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent3Around__________,when__________rose,evenkingssometimespaintedtheir__________.

WhenChristianityrose,Christianwomanstartedtocelebratetheirreligionwithjewelryandcosmetics.EventheOldTestamentmentionedtwokingswhopaintedtheireyelidssometimesaround840BC.當(dāng)基督教興起時(shí)，基督教婦女開始用珠寶和化妝品來慶祝她們的宗教信仰。就連《舊約》也提到過，在公元前840年左右，有兩位國王有時(shí)會在眼皮上化妝。Keys:Around840BC,whenChristianityrose,evenkingssometimespaintedtheireyelids

.

Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent4Withthefallofthe___________,almostalltracesofcosmeticproductdisappeared.However,withthefalloftheRomanEmpire,Europeenteredintodarkageswhereharshlivingconditions,poverty,illnessesandconstantwarspreventedthespreadingofexpensiveandextravagantfashiontrends.ThismeantthatalmostalltracesofcosmeticproductdisappearedfromtheEuropeanculture,......然而，隨著羅馬帝國的衰落，歐洲進(jìn)入了黑暗時(shí)代，惡劣的生活條件、貧窮、疾病和不斷的戰(zhàn)爭阻止了昂貴和奢侈的時(shí)尚潮流的傳播。這意味著幾乎所有的化妝品痕跡都從歐洲文化中消失了，......Keys:

WiththefalloftheRomanEmpire,almostalltracesofcosmeticproductdisappeared.

Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent5Inthe12thand_____century,warriorsbroughtexoticcosmeticitemsfromthe____________whereneveroutoffashion.IsolationofEuropefinallycametotheendinthe12thand13thcentury,whenwarriorsreturningfromthecrusadesbroughtwiththemexoticcosmeticitemsfromtheMiddleEastwheretheyneverwentoutoffashion.歐洲的獨(dú)立最終在12和13世紀(jì)結(jié)束，當(dāng)戰(zhàn)士們從十字軍東征中歸來時(shí)，他們帶來了來自中東的異國情調(diào)的化妝品，在那里這些化妝品永遠(yuǎn)不會過時(shí)。Keys:

Inthe12thand13thcentury,warriorsbroughtexoticcosmeticitemsfromtheMiddleEastwhereneveroutoffashion.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent6(1558-1603)Theonlytimewhencosmeticswaspopularwasduringthereignof_________________________.TheonlyreallypopularperiodoftimewhencosmeticswaswellreceivedwasduringandshortlyafterthereignofEnglishQueenElizabethI(1558-1603).化妝品唯一真正受歡迎的時(shí)期是英國女王伊麗莎白一世(1558-1603)統(tǒng)治期間及之后不久。Keys:(1558-1603)TheonlytimewhencosmeticswaspopularwasduringthereignofEnglishQueenElizabethI.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent7Between______________and_________________,cosmeticproductswereuncommonamongmajorityofEuropeancivilization.Nothingchangedmuchbetweenlate17thcenturyandmid-19thcentury.CosmeticproductswereuncommonamongmajorityofEuropeancivilization,insomecasesreceivingstatusofbannedandabsolutelyinappropriatemerchandise.從17世紀(jì)晚期到19世紀(jì)中期，沒有什么變化?；瘖y品在大多數(shù)歐洲文明中并不常見，在某些情況下被列為禁止和絕對不合適的商品。Keys:

Betweenlate17thcenturyandmid-19thcentury,cosmeticproductswereuncommonamongmajorityofEuropeancivilization.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent8Thedawnofcosmeticsarrivedin_____________________,thanksto______________________andgreatadvancesinchemistry.Thedawnofcosmeticusefinallyarrivedinthesecondpartof19thcenturywhenindustrialrevolutionandgreatadvancesinchemistry(chemicalfragrances)enabledmucheasierandvariedproductionofvariouscosmeticproducts.19世紀(jì)后半葉，工業(yè)革命和化學(xué)(化學(xué)香料)的巨大進(jìn)步使得各種化妝品的生產(chǎn)更加容易和多樣化，化妝品的使用終于迎來了曙光。Keys:Thedawnofcosmeticsarrivedinthesecondpartof19thcentury,thankstoindustrialrevolutionandgreatadvancesinchemistry.Thetime-lineofcosmeticshistory化妝品歷史時(shí)間線No.YearImportantEvent9