第二部分

語法考點突破句法

篇第1講定語從句語法精講考點一

關(guān)系代詞1．關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞用法例句who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)I'mLiHuafromSenior3，whoisoneofthefaithfulfansoftheEnglishCorner．關(guān)系代詞用法例句whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可用who代替，但介詞后只能用whomMr．SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking．whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike．Helivesinahousewhosewindowisbroken．關(guān)系代詞用法例句that指人時，在從句中作主語或賓語，指人時通常可以與who，whom互換；指物時通常可以與which互換Ihavemanyfriendsthat/who/whomI'mgoingtosendpostcardsto．which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，也可指代整件事China

Todayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina．關(guān)系代詞用法例句as指人或物，引導限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語或賓語；主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中

Heissuchakindboyaswealllike．引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句或主句的一部分，意為“正如”Asweallknow，heisakindboy．2．限制性定語從句中只用that不用which的情況語法規(guī)則例句先行詞是all，everything，nothing，much，any，little等不定代詞，或先行詞被no，little，all等修飾時Hedideverythingthathecouldforme．先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞被形容詞的最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen．語法規(guī)則例句當先行詞既含有表示人的名詞又含有表示物的名詞時Theytalkedaboutthemenandthethingsthattheysawinthecountry．先行詞被theonly，thevery等修飾時ThisistheverybookthatI'vebeenlookingfor．當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight？3．當先行詞指物時，定語從句中只能用which不用that的情況語法規(guī)則例句關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking．引導非限制性定語從句時Crusoe'sdog，whichwasveryold，becameillanddied．4．當先行詞指人時，定語從句中只能用who不用that的情況語法規(guī)則例句引導非限制性定語從句時Tom，whoismyfriend，hasgoneabroadtostudy．先行詞是anybody，he，none，those等詞時HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman．5．關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別語法規(guī)則例句as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，

也可以放在主句后，

有時還可插入主句中。意為“正如……”，常見的搭配有：aswecansee，asweallknow，asisknowntoall，asisreported，asisannounced，asismentioned，asisexpected，asisoftenthecase等Aswecansee，thereisaconnectionbetweenthewordsandtheideasofaculture．Asisknowntoall，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina．語法規(guī)則例句which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后，指代主句，意為“這一點”或“這件事”等Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain，whichmadehisteacherveryangry．類別句法功能例句介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)狀語Heisthepersononwhomyoucandepend．介詞＋whose＋名詞狀語Hewasthemanfromwhoseroomthethiefhadstolenhisbag．名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)主語Therearemanymagazinesinthereadingroom，someofwhicharedesignedforchildren．6．介詞＋關(guān)系代詞7．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定語法規(guī)則例句根據(jù)定語從句中動詞、形容詞所需要的某種習慣搭配來確定Inthedarkstreet，therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp．(turntosb．forhelp)Physicsisthesubjectinwhicheverystudentinourschoolisinterested．(beinterestedin)語法規(guī)則例句根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry．(duringthattime)根據(jù)所表達的意思來確定Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan'tliveiscalledoxygen．考點二

關(guān)系副詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞例句表示時間的名詞：time，day，year等when在從句中作時間狀語＝at/in/on/duringwhichWewillalwaysrememberthemomentwhenourclassmateLiChongcrossedthefinishline．先行詞關(guān)系副詞例句表示場所的名詞：park，place，country，house等where在從句中作地點狀語＝in/at/to/onwhichAttheChineseartfestival，therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors．表示理由的名詞：thereasonwhy在從句中作原因狀語＝forwhichIdon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate．考點三

定語從句與其他句式1．定語從句與并列句語法規(guī)則例句定語從句一般不用逗號與主句隔開，除非是非限制性定語從句；由并列連詞連接的兩個分句之間通常用逗號隔開Ihavethreebooks，andtwoofthemareabouthistory．Ihavethreebooks，twoofwhichareabouthistory．2．定語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別語法規(guī)則例句強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，Itis/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起連接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整ItwasonthemorningofMay1stthatImetLiangWeiattheairport．但是定語從句的關(guān)系詞既起連接作用還在從句中充當成分，去掉以后結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整了ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryuseful．3．定語從句與同位語從句語法規(guī)則例句定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系Thesuggestionthathecameupwithispractical．(that引導的是定語從句，that代替先行詞在從句中充當賓語，可省略)同位語從句的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容，與前面名詞之間是同位關(guān)系Hegavemeasuggestionthatweshouldreadaloudeverymorning．(that引導的是同位語從句，that在從句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)達標演練1．Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld，webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隱喻)____arefamiliartous．2．Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuilding______it'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad．3．KimCobb，aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics_________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange．Ⅰ．單句語法填空thatwherewho/that4．Onthe1，100-kilometerjourney，themanCaoShengkang，____losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident，crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces．5．TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea．6．Whenyousleep，yourbrainsortsthrougheverything____happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories．whothatthat7．Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth．8．Dr．Rowan，______secretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping．9．The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____________openedin1759．10．Theirchildisatthestage______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences．wherewhosewhich/thatwhereⅡ．語法鏈接寫作1．我一手拿著獎杯，一手拿著獎狀，望著老師，老師對我豎起了大拇指，他的眼里閃爍著喜悅和自豪。Withatrophyinonehandandanawardingpaperintheotherhand，Ilookedatmyteacher，____________________________________________________________________．whogavemeathumbs-up，withhiseyestwinklingwithpleasureandpride2．首先，我建議組織一次環(huán)城徒步旅行，探索北京的綠色空間，這將使參與者體驗到這座城市的公園的美麗。Tobeginwith，IsuggestorganizingawalkingtouraroundthecitytoexplorethegreenspacesinBeijing，___________________________________________________________________．whichwillallowparticipantstoexperiencethebeautyofthecity'sparks3．6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人們保護海洋的意識。WorldOceansDay___________________________isaimedatraisingpeople'sawarenessofoceanconservation．4．首先，我們會帶你們參觀我們的學校，然后在當?shù)氐囊患也宛^吃飯，在那里你們可以嘗嘗地道的中國菜。First，you'llbeshownaroundourschoolandhavelunchatalocalrestaurant，_____________________________________________．which/thatfallsonJune8thwhereyoucanhaveatasteofauthenticChinesefood5．對于學生們來說，使他們學習受益最大的就是讀英語書，他們可以從中學習在課堂上學不到的東西。Forstudents，whatismostbeneficialtotheirstudyisreadingEnglishbooks，_____________________________________________．fromwhichtheycanlearnwhattheycan'tinclassⅢ．語法填空Therewasatime1．_____IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish．Andthiswasthereason2．____myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytrainingcourseinanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool．WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3．______Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch．SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome．Fortunately，myguide，4．______teacherwasafamouseducator，communicatedwithmefacetoface．He，from5．______I