2025年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普卷：地球科學(xué)探索一、閱讀理解要求：仔細(xì)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Passage1:TheEarthisourhome,anditisimportantforustoprotectit.TheEarthismadeupoffourlayers:thecrust,themantle,theoutercore,andtheinnercore.ThecrustistheoutermostlayeroftheEarthandismadeupofsolidrock.Themantleisthelayerbeneaththecrustandismadeupofhot,semi-solidrock.Theoutercoreisthelayerbeneaththemantleandismadeupofliquidironandnickel.TheinnercoreistheinnermostlayeroftheEarthandismadeupofsolidironandnickel.1.WhatistheoutermostlayeroftheEarth?A.ThemantleB.TheoutercoreC.TheinnercoreD.Thecrust2.Whatisthemantlemadeupof?A.SolidrockB.LiquidironandnickelC.Hot,semi-solidrockD.SolidironandnickelPassage2:EarthquakesareanaturalphenomenonthatoccurwhenthereisasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarth'scrust.Theycancausesignificantdamagetobuildings,roads,andotherinfrastructure.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterscale,whichisalogarithmicscale.Thehigherthenumber,themoreintensetheearthquake.3.Whatisthemaincauseofearthquakes?A.ThereleaseofenergyintheEarth'scrustB.ThemovementoftectonicplatesC.ThemeltingoficeD.Thecollisionofmeteorites4.Howistheintensityofanearthquakemeasured?A.OntheFahrenheitscaleB.OntheCelsiusscaleC.OntheRichterscaleD.OntheKelvinscale二、完形填空要求：閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Earthquakesareanaturalphenomenonthatcancausesignificantdamage.TheyoccurwhenthereisasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarth'scrust.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterscale,whichisalogarithmicscale.Thehigherthenumber,themoreintensetheearthquake.5.Themaincauseofearthquakesis:A.ThereleaseofenergyintheEarth'scrustB.ThemovementoftectonicplatesC.ThemeltingoficeD.Thecollisionofmeteorites6.TheRichterscaleisa:A.LinearscaleB.LogarithmicscaleC.CelsiusscaleD.Fahrenheitscale7.Earthquakescancause:A.DamagetobuildingsandroadsB.ThemeltingoficeC.ThecollisionofmeteoritesD.Themovementoftectonicplates三、單項(xiàng)選擇要求：從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。8.TheEarthismadeupoffourlayers:thecrust,themantle,theoutercore,andtheinnercore.ThecrustistheoutermostlayeroftheEarthandismadeupofsolidrock.Themantleisthelayerbeneaththecrustandismadeupofhot,semi-solidrock.Theoutercoreisthelayerbeneaththemantleandismadeupofliquidironandnickel.TheinnercoreistheinnermostlayeroftheEarthandismadeupofsolidironandnickel.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheEarth'slayers?A.ThecrustistheinnermostlayeroftheEarth.B.Themantleismadeupofsolidrock.C.Theoutercoreismadeupofliquidironandnickel.D.Theinnercoreismadeupofhot,semi-solidrock.四、語(yǔ)法填空要求：閱讀下列句子，從方框中選擇一個(gè)正確答案填入空格中，使句子完整、正確。1.TheEarth'scrustisthe(A)layer(B)theplanet.2.Scientistsbelievethatthe(A)outercore(B)madeupofliquidironandnickel.3.Earthquakesare(A)phenomenon(B)cancausegreatdamage.4.Theintensityofanearthquakeismeasured(A)theRichterscale(B).5.The(A)ofanearthquakedependsontheamountofenergyreleased.五、詞匯理解要求：根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境，從方框中選擇一個(gè)正確答案填入空格中。6.ThestudyoftheEarth'ssurfaceanditsfeaturesiscalled(A)geology(B).7.Thecrustisthe(A)layer(B)theEarth.8.Earthquakesare(A)natural(B)canoccuranywhere.9.The(A)ofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterscale.10.The(A)oftheoutercoreismainlyliquid.六、書面表達(dá)要求：根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇短文，詞數(shù)80-100詞。WriteashortpassageabouttheimportanceofprotectingtheEarth'senvironment.Youshouldincludethefollowingpoints:1.TheEarthisouronlyhome.2.Humanactivitiesarecausingpollutionandclimatechange.3.Weneedtotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.本次試卷答案如下：一、閱讀理解1.D解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句“TheEarthisourhome,anditisimportantforustoprotectit.TheEarthismadeupoffourlayers:thecrust,themantle,theoutercore,andtheinnercore.”可知，地殼是地球的最外層。2.C解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句“ThecrustistheoutermostlayeroftheEarthandismadeupofsolidrock.Themantleisthelayerbeneaththecrustandismadeupofhot,semi-solidrock.”可知，地幔是由熱而半固體的巖石組成。3.A解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句“EarthquakesareanaturalphenomenonthatoccurwhenthereisasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarth'scrust.”可知，地震是在地殼中突然釋放能量的自然現(xiàn)象。4.C解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句“TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterscale,whichisalogarithmicscale.Thehigherthenumber,themoreintensetheearthquake.”可知，地震的強(qiáng)度是用里氏震級(jí)來(lái)衡量的，里氏震級(jí)是一個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)刻度，數(shù)字越高，地震越強(qiáng)烈。二、完形填空5.A解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句“Earthquakesareanaturalphenomenonthatcancausesignificantdamage.TheyoccurwhenthereisasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarth'scrust.”可知，地震是地殼中突然釋放能量的自然現(xiàn)象。6.B解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句“TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterscale,whichisalogarithmicscale.”可知，里氏震級(jí)是一個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)刻度。7.A解析：根據(jù)第一段第三句“Theycancausesignificantdamagetobuildings,roads,andotherinfrastructure.”可知，地震可以對(duì)建筑物、道路和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施造成重大損害。三、單項(xiàng)選擇8.C解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句“TheEarthismadeupoffourlayers:thecrust,themantle,theoutercore,andtheinnercore.”可知，地殼是地球的最外層。四、語(yǔ)法填空1.A解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“層”的名詞，故選A。2.B解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“由...組成”的短語(yǔ)，故選B。3.A解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“現(xiàn)象”的名詞，故選A。4.B解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“在...上”的介詞短語(yǔ)，故選B。5.A解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“取決于”的短語(yǔ)，故選A。五、詞匯理解6.A解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“地質(zhì)學(xué)”的名詞，故選A。7.A解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“層”的名詞，故選A。8.B解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“自然的”的形容詞，故選B。9.C解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“測(cè)量”的動(dòng)詞，故選C。10.A解析：根據(jù)句意，此處需要填入表示“狀態(tài)”的名詞，故選A。六、書面表達(dá)WriteashortpassageabouttheimportanceofprotectingtheEarth'senvironment.Youshouldincludethefollowingpoints:1.TheEarthis