上海市桃浦中學(xué)2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高二年級(jí)英語學(xué)科期末試卷Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension(30’)SectionA(10’)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Themuseum.B.Theairport.C.Thehotel.D.Thecampus2.A.Hostandguest.B.Lawyerandclient.C.Guideandtourist.D.Doctorandpatient.3.A.$5.B.$10.C.$15.D.$20.4.A.Shefeelsalittlebitdisappointed.B.Sheisthinkingofmovingtothesouth.C.ShewonderswheretheBrownsaregoing.D.ShehasfoundanewwaytocontacttheBrowns.5.A.TrytogetaridewithPete.B.TakeanairplanetoYellowstone.C.AskPeteabouthisgeologyclass.D.DrivehercartoYellowstone.6.A.Themanshouldexercisefirstafterhegetsup.B.Themancanexerciseformanytimesaday.C.Themanshouldfirstpreparehisbreakfast.D.Themancanexercisewhenhehastime.7.A.Hemaysellittotheownerofahotel.B.Hemayrentitoutforuseasahotel.C.Hemayredecorateitanduseitasahotel.D.Hemaytearitdownandbuildanewhotel.8.A.Therearedifferentkindsoffolders.B.Thisdecisionrequirescarefulthought.C.Itdoesn’tmatterwhichfoldersheuses.D.Thecolorofthefoldersuggeststhecontent.9.A.Annieshouldtrytoavoidgettingsick.BHehasknownAnnie’sneighborformanyyears.C.Hehasheardofmanycomposersofclassicalmusic.D.Anniemightspendalotofmoneyonclassicalmusic.10.A.Shealsoneedsanewtennisracket.B.Shewantstoborrowsomemoney,too.C.Shedoesn’tthinkBrianwillrepaythemoney.D.Shecouldn’tgetBriantoplaytennis.SectionB(20’)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Peopleundergreatpressure.B.Peoplewaitingforoperations.C.Peopledealingwithcancer.D.Peoplewithmentaldisorder.12.A.Singingcancurepatientswithcancer.B.Thesingersfeltlessstressfulaftersinging.C.Thesingers’psychologicalactivitiesincreased.D.Singingwasbeneficialtorepairingcellgenes.13.A.Anewly-establishedsinginggroupinWales.B.Theconnectionbetweencancerandstressrelief.C.Analternativetotraditionalcancertreatments.D.Supportiveeffectsofsingingoncancersufferers.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.China.B.Egypt.C.Spain.D.Siberia.15.A.Avoidtheepidemic.B.Makeslavestougher.C.Serveassacrifices.D.Bethefoodforlambs.16.A.Thehistoryofgarliccultivation.B.Thedifferentwaysofcookinggarlic.C.Thecharacteristicsandusesofgarlic.D.Garlic’sextensiveimpactonourmodernlife.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Theacceptablebehaviorsatthecinema.B.Thedifferencebetweencinemaandhome.C.Theremarkonthelatestfilms.D.Thetreatmentpeoplegetatthecinema.18.A.Comfortable.B.Unhealthy.C.Annoying.D.Tolerable.19.A.Sendingmessages.B.Makingphonecalls.C.Takingselfies.D.Doingmakeup.20.A.Totakeacomfortableseat.B.Toappreciatethefilmattentively.CTobehaveourselvesatthecinema.D.Tobringcleardigitalprojection.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10’)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WildlifeindeclineThepopulationsoftheEarth’swildvertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)havedeclinedby69%overthepastfourdecades,accordingtotheLivingPlanetReport2022publishedbytheWorldWildlifeFund.Climatechangeandactivitiessuchasdeforestationandpoaching(偷獵)areinlargepart___1___(blame)forthedecline.___2___thetrendcontinues,theworldwilllosetwo-thirdsofitsvertebratebiodiversity.“Sadly,thereisnosignyet___3___thisratewilldecrease,”thereportsays.“Acrossland,freshwaterandtheoceans,humanactivitiesareforcingwildlifepopulationstotheedge,”saysMarcoLambertini,director-generalofWWFInternational.TheLivingPlanetReportispublishedeverytwoyears.Itaimstoprovideanassessmentofthestateoftheworld’swildlife.Thestudyincluded3,700differentspeciesofbirds,fish,mammals,amphibiansandreptilesaroundtheworld.Theteamcollecteddatafrommorethan3,000sources,includinggovernmentstatisticsandsurveys___4___(carry)outbyconservationgroups.Theythenanalysed___5___thepopulationsizeshadchangedovertime.Lambertinisaidsomegroupsofanimalshaddone___6___(bad)thanothers.“Wedoseeparticularlystrongdeclinesinthefreshwaterenvironment.Forfreshwaterspeciesalone,thedeclinestandsat81%since1970.Thisisrelatedtothewaythatwater___7___(use)andtakenoutoffreshwatersystems,andalsotothefragmentation(分裂)offreshwatersystemsthroughdambuilding,forexample.”Thereportalsohighlightedotherspecies,suchasAfricanelephants,___8___havesufferedhugedeclinesinrecentyears,andsharks,whicharethreatenedbyoverfishing.___9___alltheterrifyingfacts,however,someconservationistssaythereisstillhope.“OneofthethingsthatIthinkisthemostimportantisthatthesewildanimalshaven’tyetgoneextinct,”saidRobinFreeman,headoftheZoologicalSocietyofLondon.“Onthewhole,theyarenotdyingout,andthat___10___(mean)westillhaveopportunitiestodosomethingaboutthedecline.”SectionB(10’)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.complaintsB.techniquesC.distinguishD.exhaustingE.intelligenceF.emotionsG.advantageH.leaningI.impactsJ.respondK.victimKeepingupwiththelatestdigitalconsis____11____.Fraudsters(犯欺詐罪者)alwaysseemtobeonestepahead.Infact,amongthevarious____12____usedbyscammers,creatingasenseofurgencyortheneedtoactor____13____quicklyisprobablythemostdamaging.Aswithmanylegitimatesales,actingfastreducesyourabilitytothinkcarefully,evaluateinformationandmakeacarefuldecision.Peoplearemorereliantononlineservicessuchasshoppingandbankingthesedays.Quicktotake____14____ofthistrend,scammershavesinceincreasedtherateandspectrumofonlinefraud.Onefraudtypemanypeoplefall____15____toisfakewebsites.Accordingtoanonprofitthathandlesconsumer____16____,fakewebsitesareoneoftheleadingreportedscams.TheycausedestimatedretaillossesofapproximatelyUS$380millionintheUSin2022.Actually,lossesareprobablyfarhigherbecausemanycasesgounreported.Wedevelopedaseriesofexperimentstoevaluatewhatfactorsimpactpeople’sabilityto____17____betweenrealandfakewebsites.Inourstudies,participantsviewedscreenshotsofrealandfakeversionsofsixwebsites.Thenumberofparticipantsvaried,butwehadmorethan200ineachexperiment.Eachstudyinvolvedaskingparticipantswhethertheythoughtthescreenshotsshowedauthenticwebsitesornot.Afterwards,theyalsotookteststoevaluatetheirInternetknowledgeandanalyticalreasoning.Earlierresearchhasshownanalyticalreasoning____18____ourabilitytotellbetweenrealandfakenewsandphishingemails.Peopletendtoemploytwotypesofinformationprocessing.Systemoneisquick,automatic,intuitiveandrelatedtoour____19____.Systemtwoisslow,consciousandlaborious.Theabilitytoperformwellonanalyticalreasoningtaskshasbeenassociatedwithsystemtwobutnotsystemonethinking.Soweusedanalyticalreasoningtasksasaproxytohelpustellwhetherpeopleare____20____moreonsystemoneortwothinking.Ourresultsshowedhigheranalyticalreasoningabilitywaslinkedtoabetterabilitytotellfakeandrealwebsitesapart.Otherresearchershavefoundtimepressurereducespeople’sabilitytodetectphishingemails.Scammersdonotwantustocarefullyevaluatetheinformationbutengageemotionallywithit.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inarecentmeetingweattended,theword“culture”cameup27timesin90minutes.Businessleadersallbelieveastrongorganizationalcultureis____21____tosuccess,yetculturetendstofeellikesomemagicforcethatfewknowhowtocontrol.Inourstudy,wefindthatansweringthefollowingthreequestionscanhelptransformculturefromamysterytoa(n)____22____:Howdoesculturedriveperformance?Afteranalyzing50majorcompanies,wecametooneconclusion:____23____weworkdetermineshowwellwework.Thecompaniesmostfamousfortheirculturesmaximizethepositivemotives(動(dòng)機(jī)),whileminimizingthenegativeones.Thesixmainreasonsforwhichpeopleworkare“play,purpose,potential,emotionalpressure,economicpressure,andinertia(慣性)”.Thelatterthreemotivestendto____24____performance.Thatisbecausethosepeoplearenolongerthinkingaboutwork.They’rethinkingaboutthedisappointment,orthe____25____,orwhythey’rebotheringtodoitatall.Theydon’t____26____thequalityoftheworkitself.Bycontrast,ahigh-performing____27____alwaysmaximizestheplay,purpose,andpotential,whichisknownascreatingtotalmotivation.Whatiscultureworth?Whileitis____28____tomeasurewhethersomeoneisbeingcreative,it’srelativelyeasytocalculatetotalmotivationofanorganization.Takeforexampletheairlineindustry.Allairlinecompaniessharethesameterminalsandusethesameplanes,butcustomersatisfaction____29____widelyacrossairlines.Whenwemeasuredthetotalmotivationofemployeesoffourmajorairlines,andcomparedtheresultwithcustomersatisfaction,wesawthatanairline’scultureclosely____30____customersatisfaction.____31____,culturesthatinspiredmoreplay,purpose,andpotentialproducedbettercustomeroutcomes,andinturngeneratedmoreprofits.Whatelementsinanorganization____32____motivation?Bysurveyingthousandsofworkers,wefoundthemostsensitiveelementiswhetheranorganizationcanallowanemployeeto____33____withitsmissionandbehavioralcode.Forexample,Medtronicenablesitsengineerstoseehowthemedicaldevicesthey’vedesignedareusedinhospitals,sothattheycanseethepurposeoftheirwork.AnexecutiveofWalmart,thewell-knownsupermarket,toldusthatinmonthlymeetingshealwaysemphasizedhowmuchWalmarthadsavedforthe____34____—ratherthanhowmuchmoneyWalmarthadmade.Agreatcultureisnoteasytobuild.Leadershavetotreatculturebuildingasanengineeringproject,nota____35____one.21.A.resistant B.critical C.inferior D.subject22.A.science B.restriction C.tradition D.instinct23.A.how B.when C.why D.whether24.A.encourage B.assess C.distinguish D.hurt25A.display B.reward C.mystery D.wit26.A.careabout B.makeout C.setaside D.putup27.A.potential B.technique C.culture D.reform28.A.essential B.difficult C.bold D.valid29.A.functions B.differs C.revolves D.pioneers30.A.resembled B.justified C.predicted D.exploited31.A.Bycontrast B.Intheend C.Asusual D.Inotherwords32.A.protest B.affect C.lose D.substitute33.A.identify B.coincide C.tremble D.interact34.A.customers B.employers C.engineers D.spectators35.A.mutual B.delicate C.magical D.preciseSectionB(30’)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whowouldwininafight,alionoratiger?Well,ifsizehasanythingtodowiththematter,thetigerwouldwin.That’sbecausetigersarethelargestofallcatspecies.Tigersarenotonlylarge,theyarealsofast.Theycansprintasfastas40milesperhourforshortdistancesandleapasfaras30feethorizontally.Youmightnotthinkthatsuchlarge,fast,andfiercecreaturesneedhelptosurvive,buttheydo.Itisestimatedthatatthestartofthe20thcentury,therewereover100,000tigerslivinginthewild.Bytheturnofthecentury,thenumberoftigersoutsideofcaptivitydwindledtojustover3,000.Interestingly,themostseriousthreatsthattigersfacecomefromamuchsmallerspecies,onewithanaverageweightofaround140lbs.ThatspeciesisHomosapiens,betterknownashumans.Humansthreatentigersinprimarilytwoways:huntinganddestroyinghabitat.Tigersarehuntedformanyreasons.Peoplehavelongvaluedthefamousstripedskins.Thoughtradingtigerskinsisnowillegalinmostpartsoftheworld,tigerpeltsarewortharound$10,000ontheblackmarket.Thoughthefurwouldbeincentiveenoughformostpoachers,otherpartsofthetigercanalsofetchaprettypenny.SomepeopleinChinaandotherAsianculturesbelievethatvarioustigerpartshavehealingproperties.TraditionalChinesemedicinecallsfortheuseoftigerbones,amongstotherparts,insomeprescriptions.Tigershavealsobeenhuntedasgame.Inotherwordspeoplehuntedtigerssolelyforthethrillandachievementofkillingthem.Suchkillingstookplaceinlargescaleduringthe19thandearly20thcenturies,whenanEnglishhuntermightclaimtokilloverahundredtigersintheirhuntingcareer.Thoughthispracticeismuchlesspopulartodaythanitwasinthepast,ithasnotceasedentirely.Humanshavedoneconsiderabledamagetotheworld’stigerpopulationthroughhunting,butperhapsmoredamagehasbeencausedthroughthedestructionofhabitat.TigersoncerangedwidelyacrossAsia,allthewayfromTurkeytotheeasterncoastofRussia.Butoverthepast100years,tigershavelost93%oftheirhistoricrange.InsteadofspanningallthewayacrossAsia,thetigerpopulationisnowisolatedinsmallpocketsinsouthernandsoutheasternAsia.Thisisbecausehumanshavedrasticallychangedtheenvironments.Humanshavebuilttownsandcities.Roadandtransitsystemswerecreatedtoconnectthesetownsandcities.Tofeedthepeoplelivingintheseareas,forestsandfieldshavebeenclearedtocreatefarmland.Amajorobstacletopreservingtigersistheenormousamountofterritorythateachtigerrequires.Eachwildtigerdemandsbetween200and300squaremiles.Tigersarealsobothterritorialandsolitaryanimals.Thismeansthattheyareprotectiveoftheareasthattheyclaimandtheygenerallydonotsharewithothertigers.Becausetigersneedsomuchterritory,itisreallydifficultforconservationiststoacquireenoughlandtosupportalargepopulationoftigers.36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasoninthearticleexplainingwhytigersarehunted?A.Becausetigerskinsareworthalotofmoney.B.Becausetigerpartsareusedasmedicinesinsomecultures.C.Becausesometigersattacklocalvillages.D.Becausetigersarehuntedforenjoymentbysomepeople.37.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans________.A.attractive B.innovative C.alternative D.respective38.Whichbestexplainswhytigershavelostsomuchoftheirhabitataccordingtothetext?A.Becausetigersareunderthreatfromotheranimals.B.Becausetigerskinsareextremelyvaluable.C.Becausetheenvironmenthasbeenchanged.D.Becausetigersneedsomuchspacetosurvive.39.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Toprovidereaderswithinterestinginformationaboutthelifestylesoftigers.B.Topersuadereaderstohelptheworld’stigerpopulationandtoofferwaystohelp.C.Toentertainreaderswithstoriesabouthowtigershuntandarehunted.D.Toexplaintoreaderswhytheworld’stigerpopulationisendangered.(B)LearningEnglishVideoProject1.EncountersintheUK(17minutes)WatchCommentsEncountersintheUKisthefirstfilminthisdocumentarymini-series.IttellsthestoryoffourgirlsfromdifferentcountrieswhotraveltoCambridgeinEnglandtostudyEnglishandstaywithlocalfamiliesinwhatiscalleda“homestay”arrangement.Forthefourgirlsthehomestayarrangementisapositiveexperience.Asoneofthehomestayhostsexplains:“It’sgoingtobeagreatexperience,notonlyintermsoflearningEnglish,butinlearningaboutlife.”WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments2.InsightsfromChina(18minutes)WatchCommentsNeversaydieBasedinthebusy,cosmopolitancityofShanghai,DanielEmmerson’slatestfilmInsightsfromChinatakesusinsidetheworldsofEnglishlanguagelearningandteachingandtheairlineindustryinChina.“InsightsfromChina”focuseslargelyonthestaffandmanagementofaChineseairlinecompanythathasrecentlycommittedtolearningEnglish.SpringAirlinesisthefirstlow-costairlineinChina.WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments3.StoriesfromMorocco(16minutes)WatchCommentsSetinCasablanca,Morocco,thisfilmfeaturesfootageandinterviewsfocusingonkeyquestionssuchas“WhyarepeoplelearningEnglish?”and“Whattipsandadvicecanlearnersoffer?”StaffandlearnersdiscusstheadvantagesandchallengesofEnglishlanguagelearninginMorocco.IntervieweestouchonavarietyoftopicsincludingBritishvs.Americanaccents,multi-levelclassrooms,andthesimilaritiesofEnglishtoFrenchandSpanish.WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments4.ThoughtsfromBrazil(17minutes)WatchCommentsLikeInsightsfromChina,ThoughtsfromBrazilalsolooksatmoderntrendsinlearningEnglish,especiallyforchildrenandteens.Itwillbeofparticularinteresttoallthosewholongforalearningexperiencethatismoreinteractiveandcommunicative.Teensandyoungadultswillfindnewideasforcombiningpersonalinterestssuchasmusic,gamingandsocialmediawithself-study.AsDanielEmmersontalkstolearnersandteachersofEnglishinSaoPaulo,Brazil,hediscoversthatmanyofthemhavefoundforthemselvestheprincipleoflearningbydoingandhavereadilyadaptedittotheInternetera.WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments40.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat“LearningEnglishVideoProject”ismostprobably______.A.anonlinecoursefocusingonlanguageandcultureB.audiodocumentsonlanguagelearningC.aseriesofEnglishlearningvideoprogramsD.asetoffilmsonEnglish-speakingcountries41.IfsomeoneisinterestedinthecomparisonbetweenEnglishandotherlanguages,hemightbeinterestedtowatch__________.A.EncountersintheUK B.StoriesfromMoroccoC.ThoughtsfromBrazil D.InsightsfromChina42.WhatcanweknowaboutEnglishlearninginSaoPaulo,Brazil?A.Classroomteachingismoreinteractiveandcommunicative.B.Homestayarrangementprovidespositiveexperienceforlearners.C.TheInternetandgamesplaysamajorroleinlanguagelearning.D.Theprincipleoflearningbydoingiswidelyacceptedbylearners.(C)TheParisclimateagreementfinalisedinDecemberlastyearindicatedaneweraforclimateaction.Forthefirsttime,theworld’snationsagreedtokeepglobalwarmingwellbelow2℃.Thisisvitalforclimate-vulnerablenations.Fewerthan4%ofcountriesareresponsibleformorethanhalfoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions.InastudypublishedinNatureScientificReports,werevealjusthowdeepthisinjusticeruns.DevelopednationssuchasAustralia,theUnitedStates,Canada,andEuropeancountriesareessentiallyclimate“free-riders”:causingthemajorityoftheproblemsthroughhighgreenhousegasemissions,whilepayingfewofthecostssuchasclimatechangesimpactonfoodandwater.Inotherwords,afewcountriesarebenefitingenormouslyfromtheconsumptionoffossilfuels,whileatthesametimecontributingdisproportionatelytotheglobalburdenofclimatechange.Ontheotherhandtherearemany“forcedriders”,whoaresufferingfromtheclimatechangeimpactsdespitehavingscarcelycontributedtotheproblem.Manyoftheworld’smostclimate-vulnerablecountries,themajorityofwhichareAfricanorsmallislandstates,produceaverysmallquantityofemissions.Thisismuchlikeanon-smokergettingcancerfromsecond-handsmoke,whiletheheavysmokerisfortunateenoughtosmokeingoodhealth.TheParisagreementhasbeenwidelyconsideredasapositivestepforwardinaddressingclimatechangeforall,althoughthedetailsonaddressing“climatejustice”canbebestdescribedasincomplete.Thegoalofkeepingglobaltemperaturerise“wellbelow”2℃deservestobepraisedbuttheemissionsreductionpromisessubmittedbycountriesleadinguptotheParistalksareveryunlikelytodeliveronthis.Morethan$100billioninfundinghasbeenputonthetableforsupportingdevelopingnationstoreduceemissions.However,theagreementspecifiesthatthereisnoformaldistinctionbetweendevelopedanddevelopingnationsintheirresponsibilitytocutemissions,effectivelyignoringhistoricalemissions.Thereisalsoverylittledetailonwhowillprovidethefundsor,importantly,whoisresponsiblefortheirprovision.Securingthesefundsandestablishingwhoisresponsibleforraisingthemwillalsobevitalforthefutureofclimate-vulnerablecountries.Themostclimate-vulnerablecountriesintheworldhavecontributedverylittletocreatingtheglobaldiseasefromwhichtheynowsufferthemost.Theremusturgentlybeameaningfulmobilizationofthepoliciesoutlinedintheagreementifwearetoachievenationalemissionsreductionswhilehelpingthemostvulnerablecountriesadapttoclimatechange.Anditisclearlyuptothecurrentgenerationofleadersfromhigh-emittingnationstodecidewhethertheywanttoberememberedasclimatechangetyrants(暴君)orpioneers.43.TheauthoriscriticaloftheParisclimateagreementbecause________.A.itisunfairtothoseclimate-vulnerablenationsB.itaimstokeeptemperaturerisebelow2℃onlyC.itisbeneficialtoonlyfewerthan4%ofcountriesD.itburdensdevelopedcountrieswiththefullresponsibility44.Whydoestheauthorcallsomedevelopedcountriesclimate“free-riders”?A.Theyneedn’tworryaboutthefoodandwatertheyconsume.B.Theyarebetterabletocopewiththeglobalclimatechange.C.Theyhardlypayanythingfortheproblemstheyhavecaused.D.Theyarefreefromthegreenhouseeffectsaffecting“forcedriders”.45.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe$100billionfunding?A.Itwillmotivateallnationstoreducecarbonemissions.B.Thereisnofinalagreementonwhereitwillcomefrom.C.Thereisnoclarificationofhowthemoneywillbespent.D.Itwilleffectivelyreducegreenhouseemissionsworldwide.46.WhaturgentactionmustbetakentorealizetheParisclimateagreement?A.Encouraginghigh-emittingnationstotaketheinitiative.B.Callingonallthenationsconcernedtomakejointefforts.C.Pushingthecurrentworldleaderstocometoaconsensus.D.Puttingineffectthepoliciesintheagreementatonce.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theartofacademicwritingisnoteasytomaster.___47___Academicwritingistheskilfulexpositionandexplanationofanargument,whichthewriterhascarefullyresearchedanddevelopedoverasustainedperiodoftime.___48___Butthejoyofreadingandsharingwithothers,one’ssuccinctlycomposedpieceofargument,isincomparable.Beforebeginningtowrite,thewritermustaskhimselfafewquestions–WhyamIwriting?WhatisitthatIintendtosharewithothers?Whatpurposewillmywritingserve?HaveIreadenoughaboutthetopicorthemeaboutwhichIamgoingtowrite?___49___Becauseacademicwritingisaseriousactivity–itmakesonepartofasharedcommunityofreadersandwriterswhowishtodisseminateandlearnfromwell-arguedpiecesofwriting.Thestructureofanargumentativeessayshouldtaketheformof–Introduction(whichshouldbearoundtenpercentoftheentireessay),Body(itshouldconstituteeightypercentofthepiece)andtheConclusion(again,tenpercentoftheessay).___50___Thebodyshouldincludecogentandcoherentlylinkedparagraphsandtheconclusionshouldre-statetheargumentandofferasubstantialendingtothepiece.A.Thesequestionsmaywellgetclearerandclearerduringtheprocessofacademicwriting.B.Theintroductionshouldfunctionasthehookwhichdrawsthereaderinandholdshisattention.C.Itisaformalskill,whichrequiresprecisionandaccuracy,andisperfectedbycontinuousanddedicatedpractice.D.Ifoneishesitanttoanswerevenoneoftheaforementionedquestions,onehadbetternotwriteatall!E.Itmaytakeoneaconsiderableperiodoftimetoknowtheskillsofacademicwriting,evenlongafterhis/hercollegegraduation.F.Itisatime-consumingactivityanddemandspatienceandperseverance.Ⅳ.SummaryWriting(10’)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.LowerOxygenLevelsThreatenMarineLifeOxygenintheoceansisbeinglostatanalarmingrate,with“deadzones”expandingrapidlyandhundredsmoreareasshowingoxygendangerouslyexhausted,puttingsharks,tuna,marlinandotherlargefishspeciesatparticularrisk.Deadzones,whereoxygeniseffectivelyabsent,havequadrupled(翻兩番)inextentinthelasthalf-century,andtherearealsoatleast700areaswhereoxygenisatdangerouslylowlevels,upfrom45whenresearchwasundertakeninthe1960s.Thereasonsbehindthisenvironmentalcollapsearemultiple.Amongall,pollutantsgene