年研究生入學考試《英語一》新版真題卷（附詳細解析）第一部分：完型填空（共20小題，每小題0.5分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Intoday'sfast-pacedworld,theconceptofworkhasundergonesignificantchanges.Traditional1ofa9-to-5jobarebeingchallengedbynewformsofemployment.Manypeoplenowpreferflexibleworkingarrangementsthatallowthemtobalanceworkandpersonallife.Oneofthekey2inthisshiftistheriseoftechnology.Digitaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkfromanywhere,atanytime.Thishasnotonlyimprovedproductivitybutalsoenhancedjobsatisfaction.However,flexibleworkalsocomeswithitsownsetof3.Forexample,maintainingawork-lifebalancecanbedifficultwhentheboundariesbetweenworkandhomebecomeblurred.Additionally,theremaybechallengesinbuildingstrongteamrelationshipswhencolleaguesarenotphysicallypresent.Toaddresstheseissues,companiesareincreasinglyimplementingstrategiestosupportflexiblework.Theseincludeprovidingtrainingontimemanagementandofferingremotecollaborationtools.4,employeesarealsoresponsibleforsettingclearboundariesandmanagingtheirownscheduleseffectively.Anotherimportantaspectofthemodernworkplaceisdiversityandinclusion.Companiesarerecognizingthevalueofhavingaworkforcethatreflectsavarietyofbackgroundsandperspectives.Thisnotonlyleadstomoreinnovativesolutionsbutalsocreatesamorepositiveworkenvironment.Inordertofosterdiversity,organizationsareimplementinghiringpracticesthatprioritizeequality.Theyarealsoofferingtrainingprogramstopromoteculturalawarenessandpreventdiscrimination.5,creatinganinclusiveworkplacerequiresongoingeffortandcommitmentfrombothemployersandemployees.Thefutureofworkislikelytocontinueevolvingastechnologyadvancesandsocietalneedschange.Itisessentialforindividualsandorganizationstoadapttothesechangesinordertothriveinthemoderneconomy.1.A.conceptsB.methodsC.patternsD.models答案：A解析：根據上下文，這里指的是傳統的工作“概念”，A選項“concepts”符合語境。其他選項“methods”方法、“patterns”模式、“models”模型均不太貼切。2.A.factorsB.reasonsC.causesD.elements答案：A解析：技術的興起是這種轉變的關鍵“因素”，A選項“factors”正確。“reasons”和“causes”更側重原因，“elements”元素，在此處不合適。3.A.opportunitiesB.challengesC.advantagesD.benefits答案：B解析：靈活工作帶來的是“挑戰”，后文舉例說明了一些問題，B選項“challenges”符合。其他選項均為積極意義，不符合文意。4.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Meanwhile答案：D解析：公司采取措施的同時，員工也有責任，D選項“Meanwhile”表示同時，符合邏輯。“However”表轉折，“Therefore”表結果，“Moreover”表遞進，均不符合。5.A.InshortB.InconclusionC.InfactD.Inaddition答案：C解析：實際上，創造包容的工作環境需要持續努力，C選項“Infact”正確。“Inshort”和“Inconclusion”表總結，“Inaddition”表補充，均不合適。6.A.maintainB.improveC.developD.establish答案：D解析：“establishboundaries”表示建立邊界，D選項正確。“maintain”維持，“improve”改善，“develop”發展，均不如“establish”貼切。7.A.effectivelyB.efficientlyC.appropriatelyD.accurately答案：A解析：有效地管理自己的日程，A選項“effectively”強調效果。“efficiently”效率，“appropriately”適當，“accurately”準確，均不符合語境。8.A.reflectsB.representsC.demonstratesD.shows答案：A解析：workforce反映多種背景，A選項“reflects”正確。“represents”代表，“demonstrates”展示，“shows”顯示，均不太準確。9.A.prioritizeB.emphasizeC.focusD.stress答案：A解析：優先考慮平等的招聘實踐，A選項“prioritize”正確。“emphasize”強調，“focus”集中，“stress”強調，均不如“prioritize”貼切。10.A.promoteB.encourageC.supportD.foster答案：D解析：“fosterdiversity”表示促進多樣性，D選項正確。“promote”促進，“encourage”鼓勵，“support”支持，均可以，但“foster”更常用。11.A.preventB.avoidC.stopD.hinder答案：A解析：防止歧視，A選項“prevent”正確。“avoid”避免，“stop”停止，“hinder”阻礙，均不如“prevent”合適。12.A.continuousB.constantC.lastingD.permanent答案：A解析：持續的努力，A選項“continuous”強調不間斷。“constant”經常的，“lasting”持久的，“permanent”永久的，均不符合語境。13.A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accustom答案：A解析：適應變化，A選項“adaptto”正確。“adjustto”調整，“adopt”采用，“accustomto”習慣于，均不符合。14.A.thriveB.surviveC.succeedD.prosper答案：A解析：在現代經濟中茁壯成長，A選項“thrive”正確。“survive”生存，“succeed”成功，“prosper”繁榮，均不如“thrive”貼切。15.A.advancesB.progressesC.proceedsD.promotes答案：A解析：技術進步，A選項“advances”正確。“progresses”進步，“proceeds”進行，“promotes”促進，均不太準確。16.A.needsB.demandsC.requirementsD.expectations答案：B解析：社會需求，B選項“demands”更強調迫切的需求。“needs”需要，“requirements”要求，“expectations”期望，均不符合。17.A.essentialB.necessaryC.importantD.vital答案：A解析：至關重要的，A選項“essential”語氣更強。“necessary”必要的，“important”重要的，“vital”關鍵的，均可以，但“essential”更符合語境。18.A.individualsB.personsC.peopleD.humans答案：A解析：個人和組織，A選項“individuals”更正式。“persons”人，“people”人們，“humans”人類，均不太合適。19.A.orderB.wayC.meansD.manner答案：A解析：“inorderto”為了，固定搭配，A選項正確。其他選項無此用法。20.A.economyB.marketC.businessD.trade答案：A解析：現代經濟，A選項“economy”正確。“market”市場，“business”商業，“trade”貿易，均不符合。第二部分：閱讀理解（4篇文章，每篇文章設5題，共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）Text1Inrecentyears,thefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)hasmaderemarkableprogress.AIsystemsarenowbeingusedinawiderangeofindustries,fromhealthcaretofinance.OneofthemostexcitingapplicationsofAIisintheareaofautonomousvehicles.Autonomousvehicles,alsoknownasself-drivingcars,havethepotentialtorevolutionizetransportation.Theyofferseveraladvantagesovertraditionalvehicles.Forexample,theycanreducethenumberoftrafficaccidentscausedbyhumanerror,whichisamajorcauseofroadfatalities.Additionally,autonomousvehiclescanimprovetrafficflowbycommunicatingwitheachotherandadjustingtheirspeedsaccordingly.However,thedevelopmentofautonomousvehiclesalsoraisesseveralchallenges.Oneofthemainconcernsissafety.AlthoughAIsystemsarebecomingincreasinglysophisticated,therearestillrisksassociatedwithrelyingonthemcompletely.Forexample,whathappensifanautonomousvehicleencountersasituationthatitisnotprogrammedtohandle?Anotherchallengeisthelegalandregulatoryframework.Asautonomousvehiclesbecomemorecommon,governmentswillneedtoupdateexistinglawstoaddressissuessuchasliabilityintheeventofanaccident.Additionally,theremaybeconcernsaboutprivacy,asautonomousvehiclescollectalargeamountofdataabouttheirsurroundingsandpassengers.Despitethesechallenges,manyexpertsbelievethatautonomousvehicleswilleventuallybecomeacommonsightonourroads.CompaniessuchasTeslaandGooglearealreadyinvestingheavilyinthedevelopmentofthistechnology.Inthefuture,wemayseeautonomousvehiclesbeingusedforavarietyofpurposes,frompersonaltransportationtocommercialdelivery.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theadvantagesofautonomousvehicles.B.Thechallengesofdevelopingautonomousvehicles.C.Theprogressandchallengesofautonomousvehicles.D.Thefutureofautonomousvehicles.答案：C解析：文章前半部分介紹了自動駕駛汽車的進步和優勢，后半部分討論了其發展面臨的挑戰，C選項全面概括了文章主旨。A、B選項分別只涉及部分內容，D選項未來只是其中一部分，均不全面。2.Accordingtothepassage,howcanautonomousvehiclesreducetrafficaccidents?A.Bycommunicatingwitheachother.B.Byadjustingtheirspeeds.C.Byeliminatinghumanerror.D.Bycollectingdata.答案：C解析：文中明確提到自動駕駛汽車可以減少由人類錯誤導致的交通事故，C選項正確。A、B選項是改善交通流量的方式，D選項與減少事故無關。3.Whatisoneofthemainconcernsaboutautonomousvehicles?A.Thehighcostofdevelopment.B.Thelackoflegalframework.C.Theriskoftechnicalfailure.D.Theprivacyissue.答案：C解析：文中提到的主要擔憂之一是安全，即技術故障的風險，C選項正確。B、D選項是挑戰，但不是主要擔憂，A選項文中未提及。4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthefutureofautonomousvehicles?A.Theywillnotbewidelyused.B.Theywillfacemanydifficulties.C.Theyhaveapromisingfuture.D.Theyneedmoreinvestment.答案：C解析：盡管存在挑戰，作者認為自動駕駛汽車最終會成為道路上的常見景象，許多公司也在大力投資，說明作者認為其未來有希望，C選項正確。A選項與文意相反，B、D選項不是作者對未來的看法。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanapplicationofautonomousvehicles?A.Personaltransportation.B.Commercialdelivery.C.Healthcare.D.Finance.答案：D解析：文章提到自動駕駛汽車可用于個人交通和商業delivery，而AI在醫療和金融領域有應用，但自動駕駛汽車的應用未提及金融，D選項正確。Text2Theimportanceofsleepcannotbeoverstated.Itisessentialforourphysicalandmentalhealth.However,intoday'ssociety,manypeoplearenotgettingenoughsleep.Thisisduetoavarietyoffactors,suchasworkpressure,socialmedia,andelectronicdevices.Lackofsleephasbeenlinkedtoanumberofhealthproblems,includingobesity,diabetes,andheartdisease.Itcanalsoaffectourcognitivefunction,suchasmemoryandconcentration.Additionally,sleepdeprivationcanleadtomooddisorders,suchasdepressionandanxiety.So,howmuchsleepdoweneed?Theanswervariesdependingonage.Forexample,adultstypicallyneed7-9hoursofsleeppernight,whileteenagersneed8-10hours.Childrenandinfantsneedevenmore.Toimprovesleepquality,thereareseveralthingswecando.First,weshouldestablisharegularsleepschedule.Goingtobedandwakingupatthesametimeeverydaycanhelpregulateourbody'sinternalclock.Second,weshouldcreateacomfortablesleepenvironment.Thisincludeskeepingthebedroomdark,quiet,andatacomfortabletemperature.Third,weshouldavoidusingelectronicdevicesbeforebed,asthebluelighttheyemitcaninterferewithoursleep.Anotherimportantfactorinsleepqualityisdiet.Eatingaheavymealbeforebedcanmakeitdifficulttofallasleep.Additionally,consumingcaffeineandalcoholclosetobedtimecanalsodisruptsleep.Inconclusion,gettingenoughqualitysleepiscrucialforouroverallhealthandwell-being.Bymakingsomesimplelifestylechanges,wecanimproveoursleepandenjoythebenefitsofawell-restedbodyandmind.6.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplaintheimportanceofsleep.B.Todiscussthecausesofsleepdeprivation.C.Toprovidetipsforimprovingsleepquality.D.Alloftheabove.答案：D解析：文章不僅解釋了睡眠的重要性，討論了睡眠不足的原因，還提供了改善睡眠質量的建議，D選項正確。A、B、C選項均只涉及部分內容。7.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheconsequencesoflackofsleep?A.Obesity,diabetes,andheartdisease.B.Cognitiveproblemsandmooddisorders.C.BothAandB.D.Noneoftheabove.答案：C解析：文中提到睡眠不足會導致肥胖、糖尿病、心臟病等健康問題，以及認知功能和情緒障礙，C選項正確。8.Howmuchsleepdoadultsusuallyneed?A.7-9hours.B.8-10hours.C.Morethan10hours.D.Lessthan7hours.答案：A解析：成人通常需要7-9小時睡眠，A選項正確。9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTatipforimprovingsleepquality?A.Establishingaregularsleepschedule.B.Creatingacomfortablesleepenvironment.C.Eatingaheavymealbeforebed.D.Avoidingelectronicdevicesbeforebed.答案：C解析：睡前吃大餐會影響睡眠，不是改善睡眠的建議，C選項正確。A、B、D選項均為文中提到的建議。10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssleep?A.Indifferent.B.Worried.C.Positive.D.Negative.答案：C解析：作者強調睡眠的重要性，認為通過改變生活方式可以改善睡眠，態度是積極的，C選項正確。Text3Climatechangeisoneofthemostpressingissuesfacingtheworldtoday.TheEarth'sclimateischangingatanunprecedentedrate,andthisishavingasignificantimpactonourenvironmentandsociety.Themaincauseofclimatechangeistheincreaseingreenhousegasemissions,suchascarbondioxide,fromhumanactivities.Theseemissionscomefromavarietyofsources,includingtheburningoffossilfuelsforenergy,transportation,andindustry.Theeffectsofclimatechangearefar-reaching.Risingglobaltemperatureshaveledtothemeltingoficecapsandglaciers,causingsealevelstorise.This,inturn,hasresultedinincreasedfloodingincoastalareasandthedisplacementofmillionsofpeople.Climatechangealsoaffectsweatherpatterns,leadingtomorefrequentandsevereextremeweatherevents,suchashurricanes,droughts,andheatwaves.Theseeventscanhaveadevastatingimpactonagriculture,leadingtofoodshortagesandhigherfoodprices.Inordertoaddressclimatechange,governmentsandorganizationsaroundtheworldaretakingaction.Thisincludesimplementingpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissions,suchascarbontaxesandrenewableenergysubsidies.Additionally,thereisagrowingmovementtopromotesustainablepractices,suchasrecyclingandenergyconservation.However,moreneedstobedone.Climatechangeisaglobalproblemthatrequiresglobalcooperation.Itisessentialforallcountriestoworktogethertoreduceemissionsandadapttothechangingclimate.11.Whatisthemaincauseofclimatechange?A.Naturalfactors.B.Humanactivities.C.Solaractivity.D.Volcaniceruptions.答案：B解析：文中明確指出氣候變化的主要原因是人類活動導致的溫室氣體排放增加，B選項正確。A、C、D選項為自然因素，文中未提及。12.Whataretheeffectsofclimatechange?A.Risingsealevelsandflooding.B.Moreextremeweatherevents.C.Foodshortages.D.Alloftheabove.答案：D解析：氣候變化導致海平面上升、洪水、更頻繁的極端天氣和糧食短缺，D選項正確。13.Whataregovernmentsdoingtoaddressclimatechange?A.Implementingcarbontaxes.B.Providingrenewableenergysubsidies.C.Promotingsustainablepractices.D.Alloftheabove.答案：D解析：政府采取的措施包括實施碳稅、提供可再生能源補貼和促進可持續實踐，D選項正確。14.Whyisglobalcooperationneededtoaddressclimatechange?A.Becauseclimatechangeisaglobalproblem.B.Becausesomecountriesarenottakingaction.C.Becauseitrequiresalotofmoney.D.Becauseitisdifficulttoimplementpolicies.答案：A解析：氣候變化是全球性問題，需要全球合作，A選項正確。B、C、D選項文中未提及。15.Whatistheauthor'stoneinthepassage?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Urgent.D.Neutral.答案：C解析：作者強調氣候變化是緊迫的問題，需要采取行動，語氣是緊迫的，C選項正確。Text4Educationisafundamentalrightandplaysacrucialroleinpersonalandsocietaldevelopment.However,accesstoqualityeducationisstillachallengeformanypeoplearoundtheworld.Indevelopingcountries,thereareoftenissuessuchaslackoffunding,inadequateinfrastructure,andashortageofqualifiedteachers.Thesefactorsmakeitdifficultforchildrentoreceiveagoodeducation.Additionally,genderinequalityineducationisstillaprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,withgirlsbeinglesslikelytoattendschoolthanboys.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingemphasisononlineeducationasawaytoaddressthesechallenges.Onlineeducationoffersseveraladvantages,suchasincreasedaccesstoeducationalresourcesandtheabilitytolearnatone'sownpace.Itcanalsobemorecost-effectivethantraditionalclassroomeducation.However,onlineeducationalsohasitslimitations.Forexample,noteveryonehasaccesstotheinternetorthenecessarytechnologytoparticipateinonlinecourses.Additionally,somestudentsmaystrugglewiththelackofface-to-faceinteractionwithteachersandpeers.Anotherimportantaspectofeducationislifelonglearning.Intoday'srapidlychangingworld,itisessentialforindividualstocontinuelearningthroughouttheirlivesinordertokeepupwithnewdevelopmentsandskills.Topromotelifelonglearning,governmentsandorganizationsareofferingavarietyofprogramsandinitiatives.Theseincludeadulteducationcourses,vocationaltraining,andonlinelearningplatforms.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofeducation.B.Thechallengesofaccessingqualityeducation.C.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofonlineeducation.D.Alloftheabove.答案：D解析：文章討論了教育的重要性、獲取優質教育的挑戰以及在線教育的優缺點，D選項正確。A、B、C選項均只涉及部分內容。17.Whatarethechallengesofeducationindevelopingcountries?A.Lackoffundingandinfrastructure.B.Shortageofqualifiedteachers.C.Genderinequality.D.Alloftheabove.答案：D解析：發展中國家教育面臨的挑戰包括資金和基礎設施缺乏、合格教師短缺以及性別不平等，D選項正確。18.Whataretheadvantagesofonlineeducation?A.Increasedaccesstoresources.B.Learningatone'sownpace.C.Cost-effectiveness.D.Alloftheabove.答案：D解析：在線教育的優勢包括增加資源獲取、自主學習和成本效益，D選項正確。19.Whatisthelimitationofonlineeducation?A.Lackofinternetaccess.B.Lackofface-to-faceinteraction.C.BothAandB.D.Noneoftheabove.答案：C解析：在線教育的局限性包括互聯網接入不足和缺乏面對面互動，C選項正確。20.Whyislifelonglearningimportant?A.Tokeepupwithnewdevelopments.B.Toacquirenewskills.C.BothAandB.D.Noneoftheabove.答案：C解析：終身學習重要是為了跟上新發展和獲取新技能，C選項正確。第三部分：新題型（1篇文章，設5小題，每小題2分，共10分）以下是一篇關于環境保護的文章，文中有5處空白，文章后面有6個句子，請根據文章內容從這6個句子中選擇5個還原到文章中，使文章意思通順、結構完整。Environmentalprotectionhasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantissueinrecentyears.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustryandtechnology,theenvironmentisfacingseverechallenges.21.__________________Oneofthemaincausesofenvironmentaldegradationispollution.Pollutioncomesinmanyforms,includingairpollution,waterpollution,andsoilpollution.22.__________________Forexample,airpollutioncancauserespiratorydiseases,whilewaterpollutioncancontaminatedrinkingwaterandharmaquaticlife.Anotherfactorcontributingtoenvironmentalproblemsisdeforestation.Thecuttingdownoftreeshasledtosoilerosion,lossofbiodiversity,andanincreaseingreenhousegasemissions.23.__________________Inordertoaddresstheseissues,governmentsandorganizationsaroundtheworldaretakingvariousmeasures.24.__________________Forinstance,manycountrieshaveimplementedstrictenvironmentalregulationstolimitpollutionemissions.Additionally,thereareinitiativestopromotereforestationandtheuseofrenewableenergysources.Individualsalsoplayacrucialroleinprotectingtheenvironment.25.__________________Simpleactionssuchasreducingwaste,recycling,andusingpublictransportationcanmakeasignificantdifference.A.Thesepollutantshaveaharmfulimpactonhumanhealthandtheecosystem.B.Itisessentialforeveryonetotakeresponsibilityandmakesmallchangesintheirdailylives.C.Deforestationalsodisruptsthewatercycleandcontributestoclimatechange.D.Someofthesemeasuresincludeimplementingpoliciesandlaunchingawarenesscampaigns.E.Therefore,itisvitaltotakeimmediateactiontoprotectourenvironment.F.Theeffectsofthesechallengesarefar-reachingandaffectallaspectsoflife.答案：21.F22.A23.C24.D25.B解析：21.前文提到環境面臨嚴峻挑戰，F選項“這些挑戰的影響是深遠的，影響生活的各個方面”承接上文，正確。22.前文提到污染的各種形式，A選項“這些污染物對人類健康和生態系統有有害影響”說明污染的危害，正確。23.前文講森林砍伐的影響，C選項“森林砍伐還會破壞水循環并導致氣候變化”進一步說明其影響，正確。24.前文說政府和組織采取措施，D選項“這些措施包括實施政策和發起宣傳活動”具體說明措施，正確。25.前文說個人也很重要，B選項“每個人都有必要承擔責任并在日常生活中做出小的改變”符合，正確。第四部分：翻譯英譯漢（5小題，共10分）將下列英文句子翻譯成中文。26.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmanychangesinourdailylives,makingitmoreconvenientandefficient.答案：技術的快速發展給我們的日常生活帶來了許多變化，使其變得更加方便和高效。解析：“rapiddevelopment”快速發展，“bringabout”帶來，“convenientandefficient”方便高效，準確翻譯出句子的意思。27.Inordertoachievesuccess,onemustnotonlyhavedeterminationbutalsobewillingtoworkhardandlearnfromfailures.答案：為了取得成功，一個人不僅必須有決心，而且要愿意努力工作并從失敗中學習。解析：“inorderto”為了，“determination”決心，“learnfromfailures”從失敗中學習，正確傳達句子含義。28.Theimportanceofmaintainingabalanceddietcannotbeoveremphasized,asithasadirectimpactonourphysicalandmentalhealth.答案：保持均衡飲食的重要性怎么強調都不為過，因為它對我們的身心健康有直接影響。解析：“cannotbeoveremphasized”不能被過分強調，即怎么強調都不為過，“balanceddiet”均衡飲食，準確翻譯。29.Withtheincreaseinglobalwarming,moreandmorepeoplearebecomingawareoftheneedtoprotecttheenvironmentandtakepracticalactions.答案：隨著全球變暖的加劇，越來越多的人開始意識到保護環境和采取實際行動的必要性。解析：“globalwarming”全球變暖，“becomeawareof”意識到，“practicalactions”實際行動，翻譯通順。30.Educationisnotonlyameanstoacquireknowledgebutalsoawaytodevelopone'spersonalityandcultivatecriticalthinkingskills.答案：教育不僅是獲取知識的手段，也是發展個性和培養批判性思維技能的途徑。解析：“means”手段，“acquireknowledge”獲取知識，“criticalthinkingskills”批判性思維技能，準確表達句子意思。第五部分：寫作（共2題，大作文20分，小作文10分，共30分）小作文31.假設你是李華，你的外國朋友Tom即將來中國學習，他寫信向你詢問如何適應中國的大學生活。請你給他寫一封回信，提出一些建議。要求：格式正確，語言流暢；建議合理，不少于100詞。答案：DearTom,I'mgladtohearthatyouarecomingtostudyinChina.Adaptingtoanewuniversitylifecanbechallenging,butwithsomepreparation,youca