Unit3puters教案1（WHOAMI?<PART1>)IntroductionInthisperiod,afterthewarmingup,studentswillfirstbeguidedtoimagineandsharetheirviewsaboutthetechnology.TheywillthenbehelpedtoreadanarrationentitledWHOAMI.Examplesof“WarmingUp”designsarepresentedinthisbookforteachers’reference.puterandoverheadprojectormaybeusedtoaidtheteachingandlearning.ObjectivesTotalkaboutputerToreadaboutputerFocusWordssimplify,sum,operator,logically,solve,reality,personal,network,finance,applications,exploreExpressionstechnologicalrevolution,artificialintelligence,asaresult,anyhowPatternsFromthenon,Igrewrapidlybothinsizeandinbrainpower.AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!AidsMultimediafacilities,taperecorder,photos,diagramsProceduresI.Warmingup1.WarmingupbytalkingaboutputerLookatthepicturesonpage17.Whatarethey?Whatdotheyhaveinmon?Yes,theyareputers.Thenwhatisaputer?Aputerisamachinewhichstoresknowledgeinitsmemoryanddoescalculationsonthatknowledge.Thisknowledgeisstoredinsymbols;itiscalleddata.Aputerusuallyhasamonitortoshowresults.However,someputerscanspeak;theseputerscanbeusedforvoicemail.計算機室Aputerfrequentlyrequiresabootdevice.Thebootdevicecontainstheputer’soperatingsystemanddata.puterprogramscanbeinstalledontoaputer.SomepeoplethinkthatputersarelessusefuliftheydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.TheythinkthisbecausetheInternetallowstheputerstosendandreceivedataandemailacrosstheworld.曙光3000巨型計算機Aputerisnowalmostalwaysanelectronicdevice.Itusuallycontainsmaterialswhicharetoxic;thesematerialswillbeetoxicwastewhendisposedof.Whenanewputerispurchasedinsomeplaces,lawsrequirethatthecostofitswastemanagementmustalsobepaidfor.Thisiscalledproductstewardship.Insomecountriesoldputersarerecycled(melteddown)togetgoldandothermetals.Thisisdangerous,becausethisprocedurereleasesthetoxicwasteintothewaterandsoil.putersbeeobsoletequickly.Veryoftentheyaregivenawayandnewonesreplacethemwithintwoorthreeyears.Thismakestheproblemworse.puterrecyclingisthusmon.Manyprojectstrytosendworkingputerstodevelopingnationssotheycanbereusedandwillnotbeewasteasquickly.puterjargon計算機行話puterjargonmeanswordstodowithputersandsurroundingtopics.Knowingwhatthesewordsmeancanhelpyouknowmoreaboutputers.Somepeopleusethesewordstoimpressotherpeople(Alsoknownasbuzzwords).Examplesofjargon:BitThesmallestdataunit,caneitherbea“0.”ora“1.”.Byteunitofdata.SeealsoKilobyte,Megabyte,GigabyteandNibbleCPU–CentralProcessingUnit,AnothernameforprocessorDataInformationstoredonaputerDiskAplacetostoredata.EmailElectronicmail.GHzGigahertz.Usedoftenincorrectlytodescribethespeedofaprocessor.Butwithsome2.4GHzprocessorsfasterthan3.6GHzones,itisclearthatitisjustasalesmantrick.LoadGetdatafromadiskNibbleHalfaByteSavePutdataonadiskRAM–randomaccessmemory(隨機存取存儲器),themorethebetter.USBUniversalSerialBus（通用串行總線，一種簡化了插接多種附件的薄型插座）WorldWideWeb,partoftheInternetII.Prereading1.QuestioningandansweringWhatdoyouknowaboutputer?(1)Electronicmachinecapableofperformingcalculationsandothermanipulationsofvarioustypesofdata,underthecontrolofastoredsetofinstructions.Themachineitselfisthehardware;theinstructionsaretheprogramorsoftware.Dependinguponsize,putersarecalledmainframes,miniputers,andmicroputers.Microputersincludedesktopandportablepersonalputers.(2)Amultifunctionelectronicdevicethatcanexecuteinstructionstoperformatask.(3)Adevicethatacceptsinformation,processesit,andsuppliesanoutput.Aputerusuallycontainsmemory,acontrolunit,arithmeticandlogicalunits,andameansforinputandoutput.(4)Aprogrammablehardwareponentthatiscontrolledbyinternallystoredprogramsandthatcanperformsubstantialputations(includingarithmeticandlogicoperations)withouthumanintervention.Aputertypicallyconsistsofoneormoreprocessingunits,memoryunits,andassociatedperipheralinputandoutputdevices.(5)Relatedtoautomationandelectronicdataprocessing.TheLibraryofCongressmonlyclassesmostputerrelatedbooksinHF5548,QA7576,Z52,T385,andsomeTKranges.(6)Amachineforperformingcalculationsautomaticallycalculator:anexpertatcalculation(oratoperatingcalculatingmachines)(7)Aputerisadeviceormachineformakingcalculationsorcontrollingoperationsthatareexpressibleinnumericalorlogicalterms.putersareconstructedfromponentsthatperformsimplewelldefinedfunctions.Theplexinteractionsoftheseponentsendowputerswiththeabilitytoprocessinformation.Ifcorrectlyconfigured(usuallyby,programming)aputercanbemadetorepresentsomeaspectofaproblemorpartofasystem.Ifaputerconfiguredinthiswayisgive2.DiscussingandsharingHowhaveputerschangedourlives?Somedaysoon,ifyouhaven’talready,you’relikelytoplugintotheputernetworknationgrowinginourmidst.puterterminals,orsmallputersconnectedviamodem(amodulator/demodulatorcircuitforencoding/decodingputerchatter)toordinarytelephonelines,shouldbeasubiquitousasthetelephoneitself.They’reamuchmoreusefulandhumanetoolthanthephone,andwithcorporateAmericabehindthemthenetworkswillbeeverywherechangingourlivesmorethananytechnologysincetheautomobile.Joiningaputernetworkisthesameasjoiningamunity.Smallsystemsarelikevillages,wherenewmembersareformallyweled.Thelargernetworks,theSourceandpuServe,forexample,arecitiesanonymous,fulloflifeandevents,butdifficulttofitinto.III.Reading1.ListeningandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?Turntopage18andlistenandreadtotherecordingofthetext.Payattentiontothepauses,pronunciationandintonationofthenativereader.2.ReadingaloudandunderliningexpressionsNowwearetoreadthetextonceagainandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.Putthemdownintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.CollocationsfromWHOAMI?beginas…,acalculatingmachine,bebuiltas…,followinstructionsfrom…,soundsimple,atthetime,atechnologicalrevolution,writeabook,make…work,solveproblems,beehuge,hadartificialintelligence,gobackto…,thesizeof…,goby,changesize,beesmallandthin,getquick,standtherebyoneself,beconnectedby…,shareinformationby…,talkto…,bring…into…,dealwith…,municatewith…,servethehumanrace3.Reading,identifyingandsettlingAttention,please!Itistimetoskimthetextonemoretimeandidentifythedifficultsentences.Tryanalyzingthestructuresofthed