Unit1

IntroductiontoBusiness

Business?That’sverysimple—it’sotherpeople’smoney.

—AlexandreDumas

Thereisnorestingplaceforanenterpriseinacompetitiveeconomy.

—AlfredP.Sloan

Quotation

AlexandreDumasAlexandreDumas(24July1802–5December1870)wasaFrenchwriter.Hisworkshavebeentranslatedintonearly100languages,andheisoneofthemostwidelyreadFrenchauthors.Manyofhishistoricalnovelsofhighadventurewereoriginallypublishedasserials,includingTheCountofMonte

Cristo,TheThreeMusketeers,TwentyYearsAfter,andTheVicomtedeBragelonne:TenYearsLater.Hisnovelshavebeenadaptedsincetheearlytwentiethcenturyfornearly200films.

AlfredPritchardSloan(May23,1875–February17,1966)wasanAmerican

businessexecutive

inthe

automotiveindustry.HewasthePresident,

chairman

and

CEO

of

GeneralMotorsCorporation.Sloanisrememberedforbeinga

rational,shrewd,andverysuccessfulmanagerwholedGMtobecometheworld’slargestcorporation,apositionitheldformanyyearsafterhisdeath.AlfredP.SloanLead-inConversationContentsBusinessNewsPassageChineseandInternationalCultureTourUnit1Lead-in-1|Vocabulary1.accomplish:vt.Ifyouaccomplishsomething,yousucceedindoingit.It’llrequireindomitablewilltoaccomplishthetask.This

ensuresthat

I

have

the

right

business

entity.

2.entity:n.somethingthatexistsseparatelyfromotherthingsandhasaclearidentityofitsown

e.g.e.g.完成這項工作需要百折不回的毅力。這就確保我得到了正確的業務實體。Lead-in-1|Vocabulary3.liability:n.Acompany’sororganization’sliabilitiesarethesumsofmoneywhichitowes.

e.g.你的儲蓄對銀行來說是一種債務，雖然這些儲蓄也是你的一種資產。Your

savings

are

a

liability

tothe

bank

eventhough

thosesame

savings

are

an

assetto

you.

4.collateraln.

Collateralismoneyorpropertywhichisusedasaguaranteethatsomeonewillrepayaloan.

Manypeopleusepersonalassetsascollateralforsmallbusinessloans.LeonSullivanwasmymentorandmyfriend.5.mentor:n.Aperson’smentorissomeonewhogiveshimhelpandadviceoveraperiodoftime,especiallyhelpandadvicerelatedtohisjob.e.g.e.g.Lead-in-1|Vocabulary許多人用個人資產作抵押，辦理小額商業貸款。利昂·沙利文既是我的導師，也是我的朋友。Lead-in-1|NotesLLC有限責任公司Alimitedliabilitycompany(LLC)isacorporatestructurewherebythemembersofthecompanycannotbeheldpersonallyliableforthecompany’sdebtsorliabilities.Limitedliabilitycompaniesareessentiallyhybridentitiesthatcombinethecharacteristicsofa

corporation

andapartnershipor

soleproprietorship.Whilethelimitedliabilityfeatureissimilartothatofacorporation,theavailabilityofflow-through

taxation

tothemembersofanLLCisafeatureof

partnerships.Lead-in-1|NotesEIN美國雇主識別號碼AFederalEmployerIdentificationNumber(EIN)isanine-digitnumberassignedbytheInternalRevenueService(IRS)inthefollowingformat:XX-XXXXXXX.EINsforemployeeplansareformattedslightlydifferentusingaletter(forexampleM)ortheplannumber(forexample002)followingtheEIN.AnEINisalsooftenreferredtoasaFederalTaxIdentificationNumber(TIN).Lead-in-1|NotesIRS美國國家稅務局The

InternalRevenueService

(IRS)isthe

revenueservice

ofthe

UnitedStatesfederalgovernment.The

governmentagency

isabureauofthe

DepartmentoftheTreasury,andisundertheimmediatedirectionofthe

CommissionerofInternalRevenue,whoisappointedforafive-yeartermbythePresidentoftheUnitedStates.TheIRSisresponsiblefor

collectingtaxes

andadministeringthe

InternalRevenueCode,thefederalstatutorytaxlawoftheU.S.Itsdutytomaximizetaxrevenueentailsprovidingtaxassistancetotaxpayers,aswellaspursuingandresolvinginstancesoferroneousorfraudulenttaxfilings.Lead-in-1|NotesURL統一資源定位器A

UniformResourceLocator

(URL),colloquiallytermeda

webaddress,

isareferencetoa

webresource

thatspecifiesitslocationona

computernetwork

andamechanismforretrievingit.AURLisaspecifictypeof

UniformResourceIdentifier

(URI),althoughmanypeopleusethetwotermsinterchangeably.URLsoccurmostcommonlytoreferencewebpages(http),butarealsousedforfiletransfer(ftp),email(mailto),databaseaccess(JDBC),andmanyotherapplications.Lead-in-2|Vocabulary1.associate:n.

Yourassociatesarethepeopleyouarecloselyconnectedwith,especiallyatwork.Theyaretherestaurantowner’sbusinessassociates.Where

thereis

oppression

there

is

resistance.

2.resistance:n.

Resistancetosomethingsuchasachangeoranewideaisarefusaltoacceptit.e.g.e.g.他們是飯店老板的商業伙伴。哪里有壓迫，哪里就有反抗。Lead-in-2|Vocabulary3.confirm:vt.

Ifsomethingconfirmswhatyoubelieve,suspect,orfear,itshowsthatitisdefinitelytrue.Thefindings

confirm

the

worry

of

employers

aboutthe

lackof

basic

skills

in

someuniversitygraduates.

Thereare

four

items

onthe

agenda

of

themeeting.

4.agenda:n.Anagendaisalistoftheitemsthathavetobediscussedatameeting.e.g.e.g.調查結果證實了雇主們對某些大學生缺乏基本技能這一現象的擔憂。會議有四項議程。Lead-in-2|Vocabulary5.accountable:vt.

Ifyouareaccountabletosomeoneforsomethingthatyoudo,youareresponsibleforitandmustbepreparedtojustifyyouractionstothatperson.Sometimes,

people

fear

action

because

they

fearbeing

held

accountable

for

failuresthat

might

result.

e.g.有時，人們害怕行動，因為他們害怕為他們可能導致的失敗負責。Lead-in-2|CultureTips

corporateculture企業文化Corporateculturereferstothebeliefsandbehaviorsthatdeterminehowacompany’semployeesandmanagementinteractandhandleoutsidebusinesstransactions.Often,corporatecultureisimplied,notexpresslydefined,anddevelopsorganicallyovertimefromthecumulativetraitsofthepeoplethecompanyhires.Acompany’sculture

willbereflectedinitsdresscode,businesshours,officesetup,employeebenefits,turnover,hiringdecisions,treatmentofclients,clientsatisfactionandeveryotheraspectofoperations.Conversation-3|Vocabulary1.schedule:v.

Ifsomethingisscheduledto

happenataparticulartime,arrangementsaremadeforittohappenatthattime.

Youcanrunthebackupimmediatelyorscheduleittorun.We

must

win

the

negotiation

with

the

foreignbusinessman.

2.negotiation:n.

formaldiscussionsbetweenpeoplewhohavedifferentaimsorintentions,especiallyinbusinessorpolitics,duringwhichtheytrytoreachanagreement.e.g.e.g.可以立即運行備份，也可以安排它的運行時間。我們必須在這場與外商的談判中取得勝利。Conversation-3|Vocabulary3.tight:adj.Atightscheduleorbudgetallowsverylittletimeormoneyforunexpectedeventsorexpenses.It’sdifficulttocrameverythingintoatightschedule.e.g.難以把所有的事都排進一個緊張的日程。1.feedback:n.

Ifyougetfeedbackonyourworkorprogress,someonetellsyouhowwellorbadlyyouaredoing,andhowyoucouldimprove.

Welearnlanguagethroughaseriesofpromptsandfeedback.Herairfareandhotelexpenseswerepaidbythecommittee.2.

expense:n.amountsofmoneythatyouspendwhiledoingsomethinginthecourseofyourworke.g.e.g.Conversation-4|Vocabulary我們通過一系列的提示和反饋學習語言。她乘飛機及住酒店的費用由該委員會支付了。businesstrip出差Businesstripisonekindoftrip.IfyougotoHongkong,youcanbuysomeclothes,somedigitalcameras,itisshoppingtrip.IfyougotoXi’antoseeQinShiHuangMausoleumorifyougotoXinjiangetc.,itissightseeingtrip.IftheteachertakethechildrentoShanghaiZoo,it’sschooltrip.Ifyougocampinginthecountryside,it’scampingtrip.

Conversation-4|CultureTips1.incubator:n.Anincubatorisapieceofequipmentusedtokeepeggsorbacteriaatthecorrecttemperatureforthemtodevelop.

The

incubator

provides

some

interesting

projects

that

might

cometo

fruition

in

thenear

future.What

is

the

ratio

of

current

month

sales

to

annual

sales?

2.ratio:n.Aratioisarelationshipbetweentwothingswhenitisexpressedinnumbersoramounts.e.g.e.g.BusinessNews-1|Vocabulary孵化器提供了一些有趣的項目，不久的將來，這些項目可能會走向成熟。當前月的銷售額占全年銷售額的比例是多少？3.pharmacutical:adj.

connectedwiththeindustrialproductionofmedicines

Ispendalotoftimewithexecutivesinthepharmacuticalindustry.e.g.BusinessNews-1|Vocabulary我花費大量時間跟制藥行業的主管待在一起。BusinessNews-1|NotesNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission(NDRC)

國家發展和改革委員會The

NationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina

(NDRC),formerly

StatePlanningCommission

and

StateDevelopmentPlanningCommission,isa

macroeconomic

managementagencyunderthe

ChineseStateCouncil,whichhasbroadadministrativeandplanningcontroloverthe

Chineseeconomy.ThecandidateforthechairpersonoftheNDRCisnominatedbythe

PremierofthePeople’sRepublicofChina

andapprovedbythe

NationalPeople'sCongress.BusinessNews-1|NotesThe

ChineseAcademyofSciences中國科學院The

ChineseAcademyofSciences

isthe

nationalacademy

forthe

naturalsciences

ofthe

People’sRepublicofChina(PRC).Collectivelyknownasthe“TwoAcademies”alongwiththe

ChineseAcademyofEngineering,itisaninstitutionofChina,functioningasthenationalscientific

thinktank

andacademicgoverningbody,providingadvisoryandappraisalservicesonissuesstemmingfromthenationaleconomy,

socialdevelopment,andscienceandtechnologyprogress.BusinessNews-1|NotesChineseAcademyofEngineering中國工程院The

ChineseAcademyofEngineeringisthe

nationalacademy

ofthe

People’sRepublicofChina

for

engineering.Itwasestablishedin1994andisaninstitutionofthe

StateCouncilofChina.SincetheestablishmentofCAE,entrustedbytherelevantministriesandcommissions,theAcademyhasofferedconsultancytotheStateonmajorprograms,planning,guidelines,andpolicies.

BusinessNews-1|CultureTips1.MinistryofEducation(教育部)

TheMinistryofEducation(MOE)ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaistheagencyoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChinathatregulatesallaspectsoftheeducationalsysteminChina,includingcompulsorybasiceducation,vocationaleducation,andtertiaryeducation.TheMOEcertifiesteachers,standardizescurriculumandtextbooks,establishesstandards,andmonitorstheentireeducationsysteminaneffortto“modernizeChinathrougheducation.”

ItisheadquarteredinXidan,XichengDistrict,Beijing.

TheMOEstressestechnicaleducationoverothersubjects.BusinessNews-1|CultureTips2.overseasreturnee(海歸)

From1978to2012,1.09millionoverseasstudentsreturnedtoChina,andin2014thecountryisexpectedtoembrace335,000to358,000morereturnees,accordingtotheAnnualReportoftheDevelopmentofChineseOverseasStudy.WangYingfei,25yearsold,studiedIndustrialandCommercialManagementattheUniversityofSurreyintheUK,from2009to2011.ShehasbeenemployedbytheBeijingbranchoftheChinaRailwayConstructionEngineeringGroupsinceherreturn.Wangbelievesthatheroverseasstudyhasenabledhertolivewellinanyenvironment.1.

tycoon:n.apersonwhoissuccessfulinbusinessandsohasbecomerichandpowerfulSheisalsoashrewdbusinesstycoon,amodernwomanofall-aroundtalent.Theskiresortsareexpandingtomeetthegrowingnumberofskiersthatcomehere.2.resort:n.

aplacewherealotofpeoplespendtheirholidaye.g.e.g.BusinessNews-2|Vocabulary她同樣也是一個精明的商業大亨，擁有多項才華的現代女性。該滑雪勝地正在擴建以滿足來這里滑雪的人數不斷增長的需求。BusinessNews-2|Vocabulary3.maintain:vt.

Ifyoumaintainsomething,youcontinuetohaveit.

Afterthedivorce,theirfatherstillmaintainedclosecontactwiththeboys.e.g.離婚后，父親仍和兒子保持著密切聯系。BusinessNews-2|NotesInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)

國際貨幣基金組織

The

InternationalMonetaryFund

(IMF)isaninternationalorganizationheadquarteredin

Washington,D.C.,of“189countriesworkingtofosterglobalmonetarycooperation,securefinancialstability,facilitateinternationaltrade,promotehighemploymentandsustainableeconomicgrowth,andreducepovertyaroundtheworld.”

Formedin1944atthe

BrettonWoodsConference

primarilybytheideasof

HarryDexterWhite

and

JohnMaynardKeynes,

itcameintoformalexistencein1945with29membercountriesandthegoalofreconstructingthe

internationalpaymentsystem.Itnowplaysacentralroleinthemanagementof

balanceofpayments

difficultiesandinternationalfinancialcrises.BusinessNews-2|NotesTheBeltandRoadInitiative“一帶一路”倡議

TheSilk

and

RoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad,alsoknownasthe

BeltandRoadInitiative

(BRI)and

TheBeltandRoad

(B&R),isadevelopmentstrategyproposedby

China’s

paramountleader

XiJinping

thatfocusesonconnectivityandcooperationbetweenEurasiancountries,primarilythe

People'sRepublicofChina

(PRC),theland-based

SilkRoadEconomicBelt

(SREB)andtheoceangoing

MaritimeSilkRoad

(MSR).ThestrategyunderlinesChina’spushtotakealargerroleinglobalaffairs,andthedesiretocoordinatemanufacturingcapacitywithothercountriesinareassuchas

steelmanufacturing.BusinessNews-2|NotesRoutesoftheChina-proposedBeltandRoadInitiative

BusinessNews-2|NotesTheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank(AIIB)

亞洲基礎設施投資銀行

The

AsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank

(AIIB)isan

multilateraldevelopmentbank

thataimstosupportthebuildingofinfrastructureinthe

Asia-Pacific

region.Thebankcurrentlyhas56memberstateswhileanother24areprospectivemembersforatotalof80approvedmembersandwasproposedasaninitiativebythegovernmentofChina.

Theinitiativegainedsupportfrom37regionaland20non-regionalProspectiveFoundingMembers(PFM),allofwhichhavesignedtheArticlesofAgreementthatformthelegalbasisforthebank.

BusinessNews-2|CultureTipsWorldEconomicForum世界經濟論壇

TheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)isaSwissnonprofitfoundation,basedinCologny,Geneva.RecognizedbytheSwissauthoritiesasaninternationalbody,itsmissioniscitedas“committedtoimprovingthestateoftheworldbyengagingbusiness,political,academic,andotherleadersofsocietytoshapeglobal,regional,andindustryagendas.”TheForumisbestknownforitsannualmeetingattheendofJanuaryinDavos,amountainresortinGraubünden,intheeasternAlpsregionofSwitzerland.Themeetingbringstogethersome2,500topbusinessleaders,internationalpoliticalleaders,economists,andjournalistsforuptofourdaystodiscussthemostpressingissuesfacingtheworld.1.proportional:adj.Ifoneamountisproportionaltoanother,thetwoamountsincreaseanddecreaseatthesameratesothereisalwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthem.Lossofweightisdirectlyproportionaltotherateatwhichthediseaseisprogressing.Thiscompanygivesusaseductiveofferonengineeringthemergerwithus.2.merger:n.

Amergeristhejoiningtogetheroftwoseparatecompaniesororganizationssothattheybecomeone.

e.g.e.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary體重減輕和該病的發展速度成比例。這家公司在計劃跟我們的合并時給我們提出了有誘惑力的條件。3.precedent:n.

Ifthereisa

precedent

for

anactionorevent,ithashappenedbefore,andthiscanberegardedasanargumentfordoingitagain.Thetrialcouldsetanimportantprecedentfordealingwithsimilarcases.Our

next

step

is

togather

feedback

onthe

prototype

and

the

ideas

behindit.

4.prototype:n.A

prototype

isanewtypeofmachineordevicethatisnotyetreadytobemadeinlargenumbersandsold.

e.g.e.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary這次審判能為處理類似案件開創一個重要先例。我們的下一步是在原型和想法上收集反饋信息。5.launch:v.Ifacompany

launches

anewproduct,itmakesitavailabletothepublic.Themunicipalgovernmentwilllaunchanextensivepublicworksprogramnextyear.If

market

turmoil

worsens

thisweek,

however,

theadministration

could

unveil

itsintentions

in

thenext

fewdays.

6.unveil:v.

Ifyou

unveil

aplan,newproduct,orsomeotherthingthathasbeenkeptsecret,youintroduceittothepublic.e.g.e.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary市政府將于明年開始一項大規模的市政工程計劃。不過，如果本周市場的動蕩加劇，奧巴馬政府可能會在接下來的幾天里公開其真正意圖。Passage-1|NotesAppleInc.蘋果公司AppleInc.isanAmerican

multinationaltechnologycompanyheadquarteredin

Cupertino,California

thatdesigns,develops,andsells

consumerelectronics,

computersoftware,andonlineservices.Thecompany’shardwareproductsincludethe

iPhonesmartphone,the

iPad

tabletcomputer,the

Mac

personalcomputers,the

iPod

portablemediaplayer,the

AppleWatchsmartwatch,

AppleTV

digitalmediaplayerand

HomePod

smartspeaker.Apple’sconsumersoftwareincludesthe

macOS

and

iOSoperatingsystems,the

iTunes

mediaplayer,the

Safari

webbrowser,andthe

iLife

and

iWork

creativityandproductivitysuites.Passage-1|NotesLGDisplayCo.Ltd.LG顯示器公司LGDisplayisaworld-classdisplaydevicemanufacturerandtheonlyonewithpanelfactoriesfromsecondgenerationthrougheighthgeneration.ItproducesTFT-LCDpanels,OLEDpanelsandflexiblepanelsofdifferentsizesfortelevisions,monitors,laptopsandsmartphones.

Passage-1|NotesSharpCorp.夏普株式會社SharpCorporationisa

Japanese

multinationalcorporationthatdesignsandmanufactureselectronicproducts,headquarteredin

Sakai-ku,Sakai.Since2016ithasbeenanintegralpartof

Taiwan-basedFoxconn

Group.Sharpemploysmorethan50,000peopleworldwide.ThecompanywasfoundedinSeptember1912in

Tokyo

andtakesitsnamefromoneofitsfounder’sfirstinventions,theEver-Sharp

mechanicalpencil,whichwasinventedby

TokujiHayakawa

in1915.Passage-1|NotesJapanDisplayInc.日本顯示器公司JapanDisplayInc.

isan

LCDtechnology

jointventure

bySony,

Toshiba,and

Hitachi.Passage-1|NotesSamsungElectronicsCo.Ltd.三星電子公司SamsungElectronicsCo.Ltd.

isaSouthKoreanmultinationalelectronicscompanyheadquarteredinSuwon,SouthKorea.Throughextremelycomplicatedownershipstructurewithsome

circularownership,

itistheflagshipcompanyofthe

SamsungGrou