細胞破碎方法Celldisruptionmethod課程導入細胞破碎方法主講教師：韋璐CourseimportCelldisruptionmethodInstructor:WeiLu課程導入農產品資源豐富用于食品深加工的原料可以是動植物的有機體、器官或廢棄物細胞破碎方法主講教師：韋璐(如果蔬的果皮、果渣、種子、葉片,動物的毛發、血液等)及微生物。CourseimportAgriculturalproductsareabundantTherawmaterialsusedforthefurtherprocessingoffoodcanbeanimalandplantorganisms,organsorwasteproductsCelldisruptionmethod主講教師：韋璐(suchasvegetablepeels,pomace,seeds,leaves,animalhair,blood,etc.)andmicroorganisms.細胞破碎方法大量廢棄物在食品深加工領域,分離純化、利用的成分(對象)主要是動植物有機體、器官或廢棄物以及微生物、發酵產物中的蛋白質、酶、多糖、色素、酚類、黃酮、苷類、香精、生物堿、核酸、多肽、氨基酸、有機酸等物質。CelldisruptionmethodLotsofwasteInthefieldoffooddeepprocessing,thecomponents(objects)thatareseparated,purifiedandutilizedaremainlyproteins,enzymes,polysaccharides,pigments,phenols,flavonoids,glycosides,flavors,alkaloids,nucleicacids,polypeptides,aminoacids,organicacidsandothersubstancesinanimalandplantorganisms,organsorwastes,microorganismsandfermentationproducts.細胞破碎方法大量廢棄物如在菠蘿罐頭加工過程中產生的廢棄物菠蘿皮中由于含有大量的菠蘿蛋白酶,菠蘿果皮便成為生產上制備菠蘿蛋白酶的主要原料。CelldisruptionmethodLotsofwasteForexample,thewasteproducedintheprocessingofcannedpineapple,pineapplepeelcontainsalargeamountofbromelain,andpineapplepeelhasbecomethemainrawmaterialforthepreparationofbromelain.細胞破碎方法細胞破碎法如何把菠蘿蛋白酶從菠蘿皮中的細胞中提取出來的呢？CelldisruptionmethodCelldisruptionmethodHowdoyouextractbromelainfromthecellsinthepineappleskin?細胞破碎方法細胞破碎方法機械法非機械法CelldisruptionmethodCelldisruptionmethodMechanicallawNon-mechanicalmethod機械破碎法的特點速度快處理量大破碎效率高工業規模細胞破碎的主要手段細胞破碎方法CharacteristicsofthemechanicalcrushingmethodIt'sfastLargethroughputHighcrushingefficiencyTheprimarymeansofindustrial-scalecelldisruptionCelldisruptionmethod壓縮力剪切力細胞破碎方法機械破碎

搗碎機、珠磨機、勻漿器、超聲波

搗碎法、珠磨法、勻漿法和超聲波破碎法CompressiveforceShearforceCelldisruptionmethodMechanicalcrushing

Masher,beadmill,homogenizer,ultrasonic

Mashing,beadgrinding,Homogenizationandultrasoniccrushing搗碎法搗碎法是利用搗碎機高速旋轉葉片所產生的剪切力將組織細胞破碎,是一種較劇烈的破碎細胞的方法。細胞破碎方法MashingmethodThemashingmethodistousetheshearforcegeneratedbythehigh-speedrotationofthebladeofthemasertobreakthetissuecells,whichisamoreviolentmethodofbreakingcells.Celldisruptionmethod搗碎法搗碎法適用于動物組織、內臟、植物種子、嫩菜葉、較柔軟的果蔬等材料的破碎。細胞破碎方法MashingmethodThemashingmethodissuitableforcrushinganimaltissues,internalorgans,plantseeds,tendervegetableleaves,softfruitsandvegetablesandothermaterials.Celldisruptionmethod珠磨法珠磨法是一種常用的機械破碎細胞的方法,利用玻璃小珠與細胞懸浮液一起快速攪拌。細胞破碎方法適用于絕大多數微生物細胞的破碎。BeadmillingmethodBeadmillingisacommonlyusedmethodofmechanicalcelldisruptionthatutilizesglassbeadstoberapidlystirredwithacellsuspension.CelldisruptionmethodItissuitableforthedisruptionofmostmicrobialcells.高壓勻漿破碎高壓勻漿破碎又稱高壓剪切破碎法,其破碎原理是:細胞懸浮液在高壓作用下從閥座與閥之間的環隙高速噴出后撞擊到碰撞環上,細胞在受到高速撞擊作用后,急劇釋放到低壓環境,從而在撞擊力和剪切力等的綜合作用下破碎。細胞破碎方法High-pressurehomogenatecrushingHigh-pressurehomogenatecrushing,alsoknownashigh-pressureshearcrushingmethod,isbasedontheprinciplethatthecellsuspensionissprayedoutoftheannulargapbetweenthevalveseatandthevalveathighpressureandthenhitsthecollisionring,andthecellsaresharplyreleasedintothelow-pressureenvironmentafterbeingsubjectedtohigh-speedimpact,soastobebrokenunderthecombinedactionofimpactforceandshearforce.Celldisruptionmethod高壓勻漿破碎適用于大多數微生物細胞的破碎,如酵母菌、大腸桿菌、巨大芽孢桿菌和黑曲菌等,料液細胞含量可達到20%左右。細胞破碎方法高度分枝的微生物,如團狀菌和絲狀菌易造成高壓勻漿器堵塞,使操作發生困難,一般不宜使用該法。High-pressurehomogenatecrushingItissuitableforthecrushingofmostmicrobialcells,suchasyeast,Escherichiacoli,BacillusmegamegateriumandAspergillusniger,etc.,andthecellcontentofthefeedsolutioncanreachabout20%.CelldisruptionmethodHighlybranchedmicroorganisms,suchasclumpsandfilamentousbacteria,arepronetocloggingofhigh-pressurehomogenizers,makingoperationdifficult,andthismethodisgenerallynotsuitableforuse.超聲波破碎超聲波破碎是采用超聲波破碎機在15~25kHz的頻率下進行細胞破碎。細胞破碎方法高頻率短波長定向傳播特點UltrasoniccrushingUltrasoniccrushingistheuseofultrasoniccrushertodisruptcellsatafrequencyof15~25kHz.CelldisruptionmethodHighfrequencyShortwavelengthsTargetedpropagationpeculiarity課程小結機械破碎法菠蘿皮等組織材料適合搗碎法細胞破碎方法酵母等微生物細胞的破碎大多采用珠磨法高壓勻漿法和超聲波法課程小結MechanicalcrushingmethodTissuematerialssuchaspineapplepeelsaresuitableformashing細胞破碎方法ThecrushingofmicrobialcellssuchasyeastismostlydonebybeadmillingHigh-pressurehomogenizationandultrasonic課程小結械破碎法的作用機