專題07閱讀理解之細節題（解析版）文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節信息的支持，這些細節對于理解全文內容至關重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。命題人員往往會要求考生根據不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節。這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。一、思維導圖二、方法點撥 1.設問方式和考題類型常針對文中細節提問，可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。1.是非題形式：true/false或except?AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_____.2.特殊疑問句形式：Accordingtothepassage,who/what/when/where/why/how…3.填空題形式，如：Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised_____ 2.題目類型1.Wh細節型2.是非型3.計算型4.排序型5.圖標型 3.細節題選項特征(一)細節理解題正確選項特征同義替換指對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有些細節理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態，如主動語態與被動語態的轉換。信息歸納用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設置為正確答案。正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項。(二)細節理解題干擾選項特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內容。無中生有符合常識，但不是文章的內容。曲解文意與原文的內容極其相似，只是在某個細節處有些變動。顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。正誤參半部分正確，部分錯誤。 4.定位詞尋找技巧1.定位詞的選用(1)特殊定位詞在很多題目當中會出現人名、地名、數字、年份和大寫字母縮寫這五類特殊詞。因為它們的特點是在一篇多數是英文小寫字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能夠做到精確定位。[示例1]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacherstudentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’municationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.分析：選D。本題可以根據特殊定位詞HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項目的目的是把學校教育與航天技術聯系在一起，故答案為D。(2)普通定位詞普通定位詞與特殊定位詞相比，出現的幾率更高。當我們看到題中沒有特殊定位詞的情況下，要思考的就是在這道似乎沒有啥重點的詞語中挑選出最能幫助我們快速找到定位的詞語。可以當做定位詞的首選是名詞，其次是動詞。[示例2]InSaveMoney：GoodFood，shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome，preparingmealsforsons，Sam，14，Finn，13，andJack，11.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.分析：選C。由于比較醒目人名MattTebbutt和Susanna在文中出現多次，所以不能作為定位詞。本題可以利用題干中的動詞help來定位，從而找到原文信息“withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste”。2.挑選定位詞的注意點 (1)文章中的高頻詞不能作為定位詞定位詞的最大優勢就是可以縮小閱讀范圍，如果我們定位了一個在文章中處處可能出現的詞語，那就失去了定位的意義。(2)定位詞和文中詞有可能是詞義轉換在實際做題過程中還要注意，不是所有的題目都可以用定位詞來定位的。而且如果是遇到細節信息定位題，很多時候定位詞的作用被削弱了，因為題目中的詞和文中的詞會以同義詞替換的形式出現。所以建議考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位詞，另外一方面要提高自己的閱讀詞匯量，尤其是同義詞轉換，這樣才能一擊必中，快速找到答案出現的地方解決問題。[示例1]CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.分析：選A。本題可以用同義詞定位：bookinadvance＝reserve“預約”。根據第一條自行車旅行路線中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear！”可知，選擇這條自行車旅行路線需要提前預訂。 5.解題流程細節理解題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。細節理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，是最重要的得分點。細節理解題無論以怎樣的方式提問，考生都要記住一個解題原則——“本本主義”，一切從原文出發，無須讀很多段落甚至全文后去歸納總結、分析推理，正確答案就對應原文的某一處具體信息。可以用兩步法解題。一．直接信息題考生可以采取“關鍵詞定位法”，即“帶著問題找答案”的方法，通過定位找題眼。先從題干中提取關鍵性詞語(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關鍵詞相關的段落、語句，快速定位該題與哪一段哪一句有關，然后仔細推敲，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節的細微區別，在準確理解細節的前提下，最后確定答案。簡言之，可采用“一找二定三比對”的方法。解題流程如下：做題小技巧：1.若針對特殊標點符號,舉例子,名人名言出題,只需要閱讀符號，例子,名言前后的內容，然后與選項核對。2.在出現一些關鍵詞，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus時，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉折，遞進，因果等關系。3.細節題的答案一般是同義替換項或者同義轉換項4.選項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是答案。如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,pletely,none,等。但不是絕對，也有例外。5.注意選項中的副詞，形容詞和介詞短語等與原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，經常被偷換，往往被忽視。6.細節題干擾項特點：與原文內容相反；與原文內容一半相符，一半不同；敘述過于絕對化；原文沒有提及.例子1…Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbeingadoctor)．…33．WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A．Savingupforherholiday.B．Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C．Addingthemoneytoherfund.D．Givingthemoneytoasickmother.[解題示范]第一步：定信息區間抓關鍵題干中的關鍵詞：Georgia,sell,objects鎖信息定位：用Georgia，sell，objects尋讀，在文中找到信息源——Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbeingadoctor).第二步：比對定答案選項選項意思定位A為她的假期儲蓄。曲解文意B為一個貧困女孩募捐。曲解文意C把錢放入她的基金。同義替換D把錢送給一個生病的媽媽。無中生有[分析]選C比對選項和信息句可知，女兒愿意賣幾件玩具，是因為我們承諾把錢放入她的求學基金；選項和原文中均出現fund一詞，故為直接細節理解題。故選C。二．間接信息題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎上進行改造。此類題目需要考生將題目信息與原文相關信息進行語義上的轉換，有時還需要進一步的加工或整理。例子2…Ofthemonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.…24．Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A．Theycontainprotein.B．TheyarehighinvitaminA.C．Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D．Theyarerichinantioxidants.[解題示范]第一步：定信息區間抓關鍵題干中的關鍵詞：cherries鎖信息定位：用cherries尋讀，在文中找到信息源——Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.第二步：比對定答案選項選項意思定位A它們含有蛋白質。張冠李戴B它們富含維生素A。張冠李戴C它們口感好。同義替換D它們含有豐富的抗氧化物質。張冠李戴[分析]選C根據該段最后一句“Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC．”可知，原文中的theyaresodelicious被替換成選項中的Theyhaveapleasanttaste，為間接細節理解題。故選C。三．概括、歸納信息題是指命題人用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，這是命題人設計細節理解題的正確選項時經常使用的手段之一。考生首先應依據題干指向，找到文中相應的信息區間，然后嘗試用自己的語言去歸納總結文中的信息或事實，然后再看選項，挑選出和自己所歸納總結的信息最接近的選項作為正確答案。例子3…Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.[解題示范]第一步：定信息區間抓關鍵題干中的關鍵詞：6,000鎖信息定位：用6,000尋讀，在文中找到信息源——Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.第二步：比對定答案選項選項意思原文意思定位A大約6800種。6800為現在世界現存語言數量。張冠李戴B大約3400種。世界語言總量的一半即為3400。信息歸納C大約2400種。2400為非洲語言數量。張冠李戴D大約1200種。數字1200在原文中沒有出現，也無法做出有效歸納。無中生有[分析]選B根據本段第一句“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上有大約6800種語言；再根據最后一句“Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上一半的語言的使用人數少于6000，也就是說有大約3400種語言的使用人數少于6000。根據以上數據的歸納概括可知B項為正確選項。四．正誤判斷題是細節理解題中解題比較繁瑣的題目，說其繁瑣，因為其信息不像其他類題目那樣集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各個角落。對于這類題目，考生要靜下心來，看清范圍，確定方向，找到每一個選項的對應信息后，謹慎排除，綜合選優。例子4FoodfestivalsaroundtheworldStiltonCheeseRollingMayDayisatraditionaldayforcelebrations,butthe2,000EnglishvillagersofStiltonmustbetheonlypeopleintheworldwhoincludecheeserollingintheirannualplans.Teamsoffour,dressedinavarietyofstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollapletecheesealonga50-metrecourse.Ontheway,theymustnotkickorthrowtheircheese,orgointotheirpetitors'lane(賽道)．petitionisfierceandthechiefprizeisapleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythecheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).Allthepetitorsareservedwithbeerorportwine,thetraditionalacpanimentforStiltoncheese.FieryFoodsFestival—TheHottestFestivalonEarthEveryyearmorethan10,000peopleheadforthecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.TheyefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina,buttheyallshareamonaddiction—foodthatisnotjustspicy(辛辣),buthotenoughtomakeyourmouthburn,yourheadspinandyoureyeswater.TheirdestinationistheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalwhichisheldoveraperiodofthreedayseveryMarch.Youmightliketotryachocolate-coveredhabaneropepper—officiallythehottestpepperintheworld—oranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.Butonething'sforsure—ifyoudon'tlikethefeelingofaburningtongue,thisfestivalisn'tforyou!LaTomatina—TheWorld'sBiggestFoodFightOnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofBu?olhostsLaTomatina—theworld'slargestfoodfight.Aweek-longcelebrationleadsuptoanexcitingtomatobattleasthehighlightoftheweek'sevents.Theearlymorningseesthearrivaloflargetruckswithtomatoes—officialfight-startersgetthingsgoingbycastingtomatoesatthecrowd.…59．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ThechiefprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingpetitionisbeerorportwine.B．Morethan10,000ChinesetakepartintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.C．ThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshowintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.D．AnexcitingtomatobattletakesplaceatthebeginningofLaTomatina.[解題示范]第一步：定信息區間選項選項關鍵詞信息區間AThechiefprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingpetition第一段第四句BMorethan10,000Chinese第二段第一、二句CThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshow第二段倒數第二句DAnexcitingtomatobattletakesplaceatthebeginning第三段第二句第二步：逐一比對定答案選項選項意思原文意思定位AStilton滾動奶酪比賽的主要獎品是啤酒或波爾圖葡萄酒。獎品是apleteStiltoncheese。張冠李戴B一萬多名中國人參加FieryFoodandBBQFestival。參加者來自世界各地。曲解文意C在FieryFoodandBBQFestival上，成千上萬種辛辣食物被展出。展出了成千上萬種食物。同義替換D在LaTomatina節日的開始，會舉行一場激動人心的“西紅柿大戰”。“西紅柿大戰”發生在節日結尾，而不是節日的開始。曲解文意[答案]C三、高考真題2021年6月新高考1卷B篇Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner."I'mnotatrainedmusician,butI'velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance."MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup'sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn'thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage."Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon'tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot,"

MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagemunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof"nodding"toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.

"Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,"

MrTittertonsaid.

"LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback."Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorupandingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage."Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,"

shelaughed.

"He'sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:

'Turn,turn!'"

"RobertisthebestpageturnerI'vehadinmyentirelife."1.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic.B.Playthepiano.C.Singsongs.D.Fixtheinstruments.2WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton'sjobonstage?A.Boring.B.Wellpaid.C.Demanding.D.Dangerous.3WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages.B.Recognizingthe

"nodding".C.Catchingfallingobjects.D.Performinginhisownstyle.4WhyisMsRaspopova'shusband

"theworstpageturner"

?A.Hehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodohisjob.2021年6月全國乙卷D篇Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干擾）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,"That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus."Hismentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheypletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof"distractedfocus"appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatfacetofaceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.1.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesfacetofaceinteractions.2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.C.70decibels.D.85decibels.2021年6月浙江卷B篇Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguningupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,filmmakerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthreeyearoldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.Theresultwas

ProjectWildThing,afilmwhich

charts

thebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththemongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottoebackinforawhile."Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.1.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.D.Theystayinfrontofsereensfortoolong.2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.答案解析ACBDACDA2021年6月新高考1卷B篇【解析】1.細節理解題。根據題干信息beabletodo定位到第三段Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon'tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.可知，做一名pageturner需要能夠找到音樂中重復的部分，然后翻回到樂譜正確的地方。因此做一名pageturner需要能夠讀懂音樂。故選A。2推理判斷題。根據題干選項定位到第五段。分析語境可知，他在工作中有時還要處理突發事件，例如會有翻開一頁樂譜的風導致其他的樂譜掉落的情況。因此，可以形容這份工作是讓人費神費力的。故選C。3細節理解題。根據題干信息needtopractice定位到第四段第一句Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.這句話后面說明了pageturner需要能夠捕捉到演奏者的點頭致意，根據這一信號來翻頁，這是需要配合練習的。故選B。4細節理解題。根據題干信息theworstpageturner定位到最后一段。分析可知，說話人的丈夫總是過度沉迷于音樂本身而忘記翻頁，以至于她必須告訴他該翻頁了。故選D。2021年6月全國乙卷D篇【解析】1.細節理解題。由第一段第二句"…

soIcanfocus"可知，采訪者喜歡在公用工作場所辦公，是因為他可以集中精力。故選A。2細節理解題。由第二段"theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup…

significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups"可知，在70分貝下采訪者的表現最優，說明該環境可以改善創造性思維能力。故選C。2021年6月浙江卷B篇1.細節理解題。根據第一段第三句"However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours."可知，作者的孩子們放學之后只想看電子屏幕，并盯著看好幾個小時，故選D。2細節理解題。根據第二段最后兩句“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththemongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.“可知，作者記錄了自己的旅程，并制作成電影，故選A。四、實戰演練1.BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged（蓬亂）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版畫）byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboytoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(風景)painting.Williams,awellknownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,”Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.23.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.【答案】B【解析】細節理解題，根據最后一段“Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings”,可知Pennington為了幫助Benjamin培養繪畫天賦，給他提供了一些繪畫材料，故選B。24.Williams’twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter【答案】D【解析】細節理解題，根據最后一段“Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist,可知：這兩本書幫助Benjamin堅定了自己成為一名畫家的決心，故選D。2.GettinglesssleephasbeeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(調查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7to12yearoldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschoolagechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10to12yearoldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV.“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(機會)tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,”saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americankids’sleepinghabits. B.Teenagers’sleeprelateddiseases.C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness. D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.【答案】A【解析】細節理解題，根據文中第一段列舉了一些數據，向我們說明美國有51%的10到18歲的孩子上床睡覺的時間偏晚，也調查了60%的7到12歲的孩子在白天感到疲憊，15%的孩子會在學校睡著，所以這些調查都是關于美國孩子的睡眠習慣的，故選A。26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11yearoldsneedeveryday?A.7hours. B.8hours. C.10hours. D.18hours.【答案】C【解析】細節理解題，根據第二段“Formostschoolagechildren,tenhoursisideal”,所以11歲的上學小孩子的睡眠時間需要10個小時，故選C。27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.【答案】B【解析】細節理解題，根據第三段“Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep”,所以她認為孩子們睡覺晚的原因是他們會在睡前做一些讓他們興奮的活動，故選B。3.ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary（軍隊的）medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandontheInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals’rightfulowners,andreturnsthem.HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeartheearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado’ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions:"Whoareyou？Whatantiqueshop？"However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y."Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness,"Zacsays."Todriveeighthourstoetoseeme."ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn’trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitarymedals,theoneZac’smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure."Thismedalwasveryprecioustomyparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions（場合）wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,"Adelinesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,"andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft."CorradoPiccoli’sPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssociationinWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado’smedal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5.9.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself？A.Inthearmy. B.Inanantiqueshop.C.Fromhismother. D.FromAdelineRockko.【答案】A 【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句話ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeartheearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.可知他是在部隊中得到獎牌的。10.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents’advice. B.Herknowledgeofantiques.C.Herchildhooddream. D.Hermemoryofherbrother.【答案】D【解析】細節理解題，根據文章倒數第二段第一、二句話Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,"andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft."可知她是因為哥哥而重視這枚獎牌。4.FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeanc