UnitThreeActiveReadingLesson7WhatIsActiveReading1/36Thisunitintroducessometechniquesthatcanmakeanappreciabledifferenceinhowwellyoureadandhowmuchyouremember.Infact,thesetechniques—prereading,makingconnectionsandpredictions,andmonitoringyourcomprehension—canmakeanimmediate,significantimprovementinyourreadingefficiency.Researchrevealsthateffectivereadingisnotasingle-stepprocess,butacomplexsetofskillsinvolvingactivitiesbefore,during,andafterreading.Hereisapartiallistofsomeofthoseskills.2/36BeforeReading:1.determinethesubjectofthematerial2.determinehowthematerialisorganized3.defineyourpurposeofreading4.decidewhatyouneedtorememberfromthematerial3/36DuringReading:1.identifywhatisimportant2.determinehowkeyideasaresupported3.identifypatternsofthought4.drawconnectionsamongideas5.anticipatewhatistocomenext6.relateideastowhatyoualreadyknow4/36DuringandAfterReading:1.identifytheauthor’spurposeofwriting2.analyzethewriter’stechniqueandlanguage3.evaluatethewriter’scompetenceorauthority4.askcriticalquestions5.evaluatethenatureandtypeofsupportingevidence5/36PracticeofReadingTechniquesActivitiesbefore，duringandafterreading.

Determinewhatismeantbythetitleofthereadingselection“AWholeNationandaPeople.”2.Determinewhatsortofliteratureitis:essay,drama,fictionstory,orfragmentsofautobiography.3.Anticipatewhatistocomenextafterreadingthefirstfiveparagraphs.4.Identifytheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage.6/36Lesson7AWholeNationandaPeopleReadingSelectionA7/36CATALOGUEWarm-upActivities

AbouttheAuthorLanguagePointsKeystext8/36Warm-upActivities

Thewesterncountrieshaveinfluenceusgreatlyinallaspects.Whataretheadvantagesandthedisadvantageofsuchinfluence?2.Doyouthinkallofusshouldtryourbesttopreserveournation’straditionalcustoms?9/36AbouttheAuthorHarryMarkPetrakisbornJune5,1923,St.Louis,Mo.,U.S.Americannovelistandshort-storywriterwhoseexuberantandsensitiveworksdealwiththelivesofGreekimmigrantsinurbanAmerica.10/36AbouttheAuthorPetrakis,thesonofanEasternOrthodoxpriest,attendedtheUniversityofIllinois(1940–41)andheldavarietyofjobstosupporthimselfwhilewriting.Hisnovelsandstories,usuallysetinChicago,includeLionatMyHeart

(1959),TheOdysseyofKostasVolakis(1963),ADreamofKings

(1966),TheHouroftheBell(1976),NicktheGreek(1979),DaysofVengeance(1983),andGhostoftheSun(1990),asequeltoADreamofKings.HarryMarkPetrakisatage1211/36AbouttheAuthorHealsopublishedcollectionsofshortstories,abiography,andanautobiography,Stelmark:AFamilyRecollection(1970).In1998hecowroteabiographyoftheindustrialistHenryCrown,andthefollowingyearhereleasedanotherautobiographicalwork,TalesoftheHeart:DreamsandMemoriesofaLifetime.FamilyofHarryMarkPetrakis(LtoR)Tasula,Fr.MarkPetrakis,Dan,Irene,Mike,Harry,Barbara,PresbyteraStella.12/36LanguagePoints1.contendwithsomeoneforsomethingcompeteagainstsomeoneinordertowinorachieveit競爭，爭奪（line3,para.1）①三個黨正在爭奪權利。Threepartiesarecontendingforpower.②爭奪冠軍這兩支球隊勢均力敵。Thetwoteamscontendingforthechampionshipareveryevenlymatched.13/36LanguagePoints*contendwithhavetodealwithproblemsordifficulties,especiallyinordertoachievesomething（尤指為達成目標而）與…搏斗，與…作爭斗①他們必須和風速達每小時40多英里強風較量。Theyhadtocontendwithwindsofover40milesanhour.②我得拼命養活這一大家子，已經夠受了。I’vegotquiteenoughtocontendwithbringingupsuchabigfamily.14/36LanguagePoints2.seekouthuntdown追尋到；特意要找出（line1,para.2）①任何人都不會無緣無故地特意尋找不愉快。Itwasunusualforanyonetoseekoutunpleasantness.②科比特決心找出真相。Corbettresolvedtoseekoutthetruth.③他又來找她，問她終究是什么意思。缺乏英文例句15/36LanguagePoints3.bedevilIfsomethingbedevilssomeoneorsomething,itconstantlycausesproblemsanddifficultiesforthem糾纏；困擾（line2,para.2）①他們為種種埋怨所煩惱，為很多問題所困擾。Theyarebesiegedbycomplaintsandbedeviledwithproblems.②傷病滿營使球隊陷入了困境。Theteamhasbeenbedeviledbyinjury.③會計鉆在一大堆數字里面給攪昏了頭。Theaccountantwasbedeviledinamassoffigures.16/36LanguagePoints4.dobattle(mainlyjournalism)arguewithorfightagainstadifficultopponent,officialsystemetc.（與…）爭論，進行斗爭（line1,para.4）對某人作政治上斗爭dopoliticalbattlewith就削減預算問題進行斗爭dobattleoverthebudgetcuts①他繼續與市議會進行斗爭。Hecontinuestodobattlewiththecitycouncil.②他支持者正準備就總統選舉團組成問題進行斗爭。Hissupportersarepreparingtodobattleoverthecompositionoftheelectoralcollege.17/36LanguagePoints5.*hurlabuse/insults/accusationsatsbshoutinsultsattheminaviolentoraggressiveway口氣激烈地表示（或叫嚷）；氣勢洶洶地口吐（惡言）（line3,para.4）①警察遭到惡狠狠辱罵。Abusewashurledatthepolice.②狂熱支持者們開始相互謾罵。Thefansbeganhurlingabuseateachother.惡狠狠地辱罵hurlinsults強烈指責某人hurlaccusationsatsb18/36LanguagePoints*hurlthrowsomethingviolentlyandwithalotofforce;fling孩子們正在相互擲雪球。Childrenwerehurlingsnowballsatoneanother.19/36LanguagePoints6.*beon(upon)yourmettlebereadytodosomethingaswellasyoucan,becauseyouknowthatyouarebeingtestedorchallenged鼓起勇氣；振作精神（去做某事）（line1,para.5）①要在這場比賽中獲勝，我們得準備盡最大努力。We’llhavetobeourmettletowinthegame.②這個新車素限制將使那些渴望開快車人大為振奮。Thisnewspeedrestrictionwillputakeendriveronhismettle.*show/proveyourmettleshowthatyouarecapableofdoingsomethingwell;proveyourself表現出（或證實）自己能勝任謀事他沒有機會表現自己能耐。Hehadnochancetoshowhismettle.20/36LanguagePoints7.braceoneselfprepareoneselfforsomethingunpleasant作好準備面對（不愉快事）；使防范；使經受鍛煉

(line3,para.7)①你得作好準備，有壞消息相告。Braceyourselfforbadnews.②她為即將到來磨難作好了準備。Shebracedherselfforherforthcomingordeal.③全城作了可能再發生一場地震防范。Thecitybraceditselfforapossiblenewquake.21/36LanguagePoints8.makeamendstrytomakeasituationbetterafteryouhavedonesomethingwrong;apologizeforamistakeorsomethingharmfulthatyouhavedone賠罪；賠償；賠償；補救

（line3,para.14）因無禮行為向某人賠禮道歉makeamendstosbforrudeness①這使他希望對小男孩作些賠償，他以前對于男孩過于苛刻。Itmadehimwishtomakeamendsforhisformerunkindnesstotheboy.②我希望能以某種方式作出補救。IwishIcouldmakeamendssomehow.22/36LanguagePoints9.workoffpaysomeonewhatyouowethembydoingajobfortheminsteadofgivingthemmoney以工作抵償（債務）（line1,para.16）他們被迫做工以抵償債務。Theywereforcedtoworkofftheirdebts.*workoffsomethingsuchassomeofyourweightyougetridofitbydoingsomethingthatinvolvesalotofphysicalactivity（經過體力活動）減輕（體重）她經常靠跑步來減輕過量體重。Shegenerallyworksoffexcessweightbygoingforarun.23/36LanguagePoints*workoffafeelingsuchasanangerorembarrassmentyougraduallyovercomeit,especiallybybeingunpleasantorviolenttowardsotherpeople發泄掉（怒氣）；消除（困窘）他用問題煩擾我們來擺脫自己困窘。Heworkedoffhisembarrassmentbyharassinguswithquestions.24/36LanguagePoints10.square(informal)Iftwopeoplearesquare,theyareeven,level,orequalwitheachother,forexampletheynolongeroweeachotheranymoney;neitherpersonowestheotheranything（非正式）已結清；互不欠帳；兩訖；扯平(line3,para.35)①你還給我6英鎊，那么我們就兩訖了。Yougivemebacksixpoundsthenwe’llbesquare.②再付5元錢帳就清了。Fivedollarsmoreandouraccountswillbesquare.25/36KeysⅠ.READINGCOMPREHENSION1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C6.A7.D8.B9.B10.BⅡ.VOCABULARYA.1.D2.A3.D4.C5.A6.A7.C8.B9.C10.BB.1.contendwith2.seekout 3.workoff 4.deftly5.sternly6.desolate7.brusquely8.mutely9.makeamends10.deridedⅢ.CLOZE1.successive2.lookdownon3.targets4.Despite5.insearchof6.Traditionally7.integrate8.infavorof9.distinctive10.diverse26/36KeysⅣ.TRANSLATION1我常和一幫來自各國移民子弟一起玩。這一時期給我記憶最深就是一位雜貨店老板。當初我們爭相嘲笑原來國家風俗習慣。星期六到別居民區進行冒險時,為了證實自己是真正美國人，我們吃熱狗，喝可口可樂。假如誰沒帶10美分，他這頓飯就得餓著，因為他不敢帶自己家里吃那種加了香料夾肉三明治。2我們橫蠻游戲之一就是找一個推車小販或是一個店主，毫無疑問都是移民，然后齊聲罵他或嘲笑戲弄他。為了證實對團伙忠誠，我們必須找一個自己民族移民小店主或是小販，以最惡毒方式捉弄他。27/36Keys3“你真愚蠢。你不知道我這個小店里裝著我們整個國家和民族（包含整個希臘國家與民族歷史與文化）。”4阿喀琉斯就是帶著黑橄欖前往特洛伊城，而且在帶領他密耳彌多涅勇士們鏖戰一天后，他會休息，吃些奶酪和熟透黑橄欖，就是店里這種黑橄欖。5馬拉松城人們帶著這些香料去參戰，香味能使他們想起自己故鄉、家人和孩子。28/36Keys6你知道希臘色拉到底是什么嗎？它本身是一頓飯，也是一次經歷，一個情感。它制作是一個嫻熟而高雅過程。希臘神話中說：一天晚上宙斯請眾神來奧林匹亞山赴宴時，他親自創造了希臘色拉調制法，并親手把山里各種原料搜集混拌在了一起。7我回頭望了一下，他還在門廊下看著我，那些希臘食物余味像薄霧一樣，在他頭頂縈繞盤旋。29/36KeysⅤ.ORALPRACTICEANDDISCUSSIONWhydidtheauthorandhisgangbedevilimmigrants?Whydidtheybedevilashopkeeperorpeddlerbelongingtotheirownethnicbackground?

Theyweresecondorlowergenerationsofimmigrants.TheyhadreceivedtheAmericaneducationandAmericanvalues,sotheythoughttheywererealAmericansdifferentfromtheirparentsorgrandparentsandbelievedthateverythingintheUnitedStateswasgoodandbetterthanthatinanyothercountry.Theybedeviledashopkeeperorpeddlerbelongingtotheirownethnicbackgroundinordertoshowtheirloyaltytotheirgang.30/36Keys2.Inhisopeningparagraphs,Petrakistellshowheandhisfriendsbandedtogethertorejecttheirownethnicbackgrounds.Whyisthisinformationimportantforunderstandingtheexperiencehenarrates?Theseparagraphstellusthebackgroundofthestorythatthereweresevereconflictsincultureandvaluesbetweenthefirstgenerationofimmigrantsandtheirchildren.WhenthechildrenofimmigrantshavereceivedAmericaneducationandvalues,theyusuallylookdownuponthecultureandvaluesoftheirownethnicgroups,thoughtheirculturesmaybeoflongerhistory,richerconnotationandmorecolors.31/36Keys3.WhatdetailscharacterizeBarbaNikos?BarbaNikoswasashortandsinewyGreekwhowalkedwithaslightlimpandsportedaflaring,handlebarmustache.Heownedasmall,shabbygrocerystore.Hewasproudofhisownnationandculture.HethoughtthefruitsandvegetablesinhisstorerepresentthewholenationandpeoplefromGreece.4.WhatdidMr.BarbaNikosthinkofthechildrenwhowereraisedinAmerica?ToMr.BarbaNikosthechildrenraisedinAmericawereterriblyignorantaboutvaluesoftheirownnation,sohewasscornfulofthem.Hesaidtheauthorwas“stupid”,“bonehead”and“dumb”.32/36Keys5.Althoughthenarratorwantedtherespectofhiscompani