Unit4ReadingandThinking習題檢測基礎知識自測一、用單詞的適當形式完成句子1．What’stheexact________(locate)ofyourhouse?2．Anddon’tforget:weare________(surround)byanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking,caving,climbingandcycling.3．Nobiographerhasbeenabletoexplainthese_________(puzzle)words.4．ManyEnglishwordsareinmon______(current)throughouttheworld.5．Whenthedoorwasopenedsuddenly,theboycoveredhisheadwithhishandsasif________defence.6．（2022·吉林·長春博碩學校高一期末）Theybrokeaway________thenationalunionandsetuptheirownlocalorganization.7．Thatbicyclewhichisofthenewstylebelongs___________me.8．Itgivesyouasenseof________(achieve)ifyouactuallymakeittotheendofaverylongbook.9．（2022·福建省詔安縣橋東中學高一期中）Someoftheirgreat________(achievement)includedbulidingtownsandroads.10．Theboyaswellashisparents________(be)fondofplayingfootballeveryday.二、根據漢語意思填寫單詞11．Whattheagentsayscontradictswiththefacts.Wehavetofindmore_________(證據).12．（2023·河北·邯鄲市第三中學高一階段練習）We’retryingtoetoanarrangementaboutwhoshouldpaythe________(法律的)fees.13．（2021·河北·邯鄲市第三中學高一階段練習）Greatscientific________(成就)willhaveapositiveeffectonourlifeaswellassociety.14．（2022·浙江·吳興高級中學高一階段練習）Tiringbutrewarding,the________(軍事的)trainingimpressedmedeeply.15．（2022·廣東廣州·高一期末）Englandwas________(征服)bytheNormansin1066.1．location【解析】考查名詞。句意：你家的準確位置是哪里？exact是形容詞，修飾名詞，location位置，名詞。故填location。2．surrounded【解析】考查被動語態。句意：而且不要忘記：我們周圍有一個天然的操場，非常適合散步、洞穴探險、爬山和騎行。謂語動詞surround和主語之間是被動關系，故用其過去分詞和are一起構成一般現在時的被動語態。besurroundedby“被……包圍/環繞”。故填surrounded。3．puzzling【解析】考查形容詞。句意：沒有傳記作家能夠解釋這些令人費解的話。分析句子可知，“words”為名詞，空格處應用形容詞，作定語，“puzzle”意為“使困惑”，動詞詞性，“words”指物，故空格處應用“puzzling”，意為“令人費解的”，形容詞詞性，修飾物。故填puzzling。4．currency【解析】考查名詞。句意：許多英語單詞在全世界通用。由句意可知，此處表示“通用”的含義，inmoncurrency是固定短語，表示“一般通用的”，在句中做表語。故答案為currency。5．in【解析】考查介詞。句意：當門突然打開時，那個男孩用手捂著頭，好像在自衛。短語indefence表示“自衛，防御”。故填in。6．from【解析】考查固定短語。句意：他們脫離了全國工會，建立了自己的地方組織。breakawayfrom是固定短語，意為“脫離”，故填from。7．to【解析】考查介詞。句意：那輛式樣新穎的自行車是我的。根據句意及所給句子可知，此處是固定短語belongto“屬于”，to是介詞。故填to。8．achievement【解析】考查名詞。句意：如果你真的讀完了一本很長的書，你會有一種成就感。此處缺少名詞作介詞of的賓語，表抽象意義，不可數，故填achievement。9．achievements【解析】考查名詞單復數。句意：他們的一些偉大成就包括建造城鎮和道路。achievement為可數名詞，無不定冠詞修飾且根據their可知，此處應用名詞achievement(成就)的復數形式，故填achievements。10．is【解析】考查動詞時態和主謂一致。句意：這個男孩以及他的家長每天都喜歡踢足球。根據時間狀語“everyday”可知，設空處應填動詞的一般現在時作謂語，aswellas連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞的數應該和aswellas前面的主語保持一致，即就遠原則，故填is。11．evidence【解析】考查名詞。句意：探員所說的與事實不符。我們必須找到更多的證據。分析句子，設空處使用名詞作賓語。根據漢語提示，表示“證據”用evidence，其為不可數名詞。故填evidence。12．legal【解析】考查形容詞。句意：我們正試圖就誰來支付律師費的問題達成協議。根據句意和漢語提示可知，應使用形容詞legal作定語修飾名詞fee，意為“法律的”。故填legal。13．achievements【解析】考查名詞。句意：偉大的科學成就將對我們的生活和社會產生積極的影響。根據句意和漢語提示可知，應使用可數名詞achievement，作主語；結合常識，偉大的科學成就不止一項，是復數意義，應用復數形式achievements。故填achievements。14．military【解析】考查形容詞。句意：軍訓雖累但有收獲，給我留下了深刻的印象。根據漢語提示和句意，設空處應填形容詞military，作名詞training的前置定語。故填military。15．conquered【解析】考查動詞和被動語態。句意：1066年，英格蘭被諾曼人征服。根據漢語提示“征服”可知，空格處涉及單詞“conquer”，意為“征服”，動詞詞性，句中“England”和“conquer”為被動關系，故句子為一般過去時的被動語態，空格處應用“conquer”的過去分詞“conquered”。故填conquered。學科素養提升三、閱讀理解A（2022·江蘇鎮江·高一期中）Ifyou’veneverlearnedthestoriesbehindthenamesofvariousSouthAmericancountries,youmightbesurprisedbysomeoftheirhistoricalroots.EcuadorOnceuponatime,thewholeregionwherethecountryofEcuadornowexistswasnamedQuito,whichisthenameofitscurrentcapital.Thename“Quito”isanodtotheindigenous(本地的)QuitopeoplewholivedthereinpreColumbiantimes,datingbacktoasfaras2000BC．Ecuador,asweknowittoday,isSpanishfor“equator”(赤道).In1735,Frenchscientistscametomeasuretheequatorinorderto,essentially,carryoutaproxywarbetweenNewtonandDescartes.Newtonbelievedtheearthwasflattenedatthepoles,andDescartesbelieveditwassqueezedattheequator.Eventually,theFrenchpinpointedtheequatorandprovedNewtonright.VenezuelaBelieveitornot,thename“Venezuela”isactuallybelievedtobeanodtoVenice—yes,thewaterycityinItaly.Asfarasweknow,thisnamemighthaveefromItalianexplorerAmerigoVespucci.In1499,anaval(海軍的)expeditionwasexploringLakeMaracaibowhentheynoticedthedwellingsoftheindigenousAlupeople,whobuilttheirhomesonstilts(支柱)abovethewater.ThesestructuresremindedVespucciofhome(orofVenice,tobemorespecific).ArgentinaYouprobablydidn’tthinkthishadtodowithpreciousmetals,didyou?Thename“Argentina”actuallycamefromtheLatinargentum(銀),whichmeans“silver”.Inthe1520s,VenetianexplorerSebastianCabotlearnedofthemythical“SierradelaPlata”—oramountainwithajackpot’sworthofsilver.Itcouldonlybeaccessedthroughanestuary(河口)inthesouthofthecontinent,whichhenamedSilverRiver.Cabotneverdidfindthisrumoredmountain,butthenamehegavetheriverstuck,alongwith“Argentina”,orTheLandofSilver.16．WhatdidFrenchscientistsdoin1735?A．Namedtheplace. B．Carriedoutawar.C．Exploredtheregion. D．Didresearchontheequator.17．WhatcanweknowaboutVenezuela?A．It’sfarfromtheequator. B．It’smoredevelopedthanItaly.C．It’sacountrybuiltonthemountains. D．It’sconnectedwithanItalianexplorer.18．Fromwhichdidthename“Argentina”e?A．Akindofmetal. B．Alocalsong.C．Alegend. D．Amountain.B（2022·浙江·吳興高級中學高一階段練習）Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.Theproblemsstartedinthe16thcenturywhenEnglishrulerstriedtovanquishIreland.Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish.Finally,in1921,theBritishgovernmentwasforcedtogiveindependencetothesouthofIreland.Theresultisthattodaytherearetwo“Irelands”.NorthernIreland,inthenorth,ispartoftheUnitedKingdom.TheRepublicofIreland,inthesouth,isanindependentcountry.Inthe1840sthemaincrop,potatoes,wasaffectedbydiseaseandabout750,000peoplediedofhunger.This,andashortageofwork,forcedmanypeopletoleaveIrelandandliveintheUSA,theUK,AustraliaandCanada.Asaresult,thepopulationfellfrom8.2millionin1841to6.6millionin1851.Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.Thoughmanypeoplestillfollowtheroutinenowadays,moreandmorepeoplearemovingtothecitiestoworkinfactoriesandoffices.Lifeinthecitiesisverydifferentfromlifeinthecountryside,wherethingsmoveataquieterandslowerpace.TheIrisharefamousforbeingwarmheartedandfriendly.OscarWilde,afamousIrishwriter,oncesaidthattheIrishwere“thegreatesttalkerssincetheGreeks”.Sinceindependence,Irelandhasrevived(復興)itsowncultureofmusic,language,literatureandsinging.DifferentareashavedifferentstylesofoldIrishsongswhicharesungwithoutinstruments.OtherkindsofIrishmusicusemanydifferentinstrumentssuchastheviolin,whistles,etc.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanquish”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Conquer. B．Ruin. C．Protect. D．Free.20．WhydidthepopulationofIrelandoncedecreasegreatly?A．TheIrishwerekilledbytheEnglishrulers.B．TheIrishwereaffectedbyadeadlydisease.C．TheIrishwerenoteagertogivebirthtobabies.D．TheIrishsufferedfromfoodandworkshortage.21．HowdidmostIrishpeoplemaketheirliving?A．Byworkinginthefields. B．Byworkinginfactories.C．Bytradingwithothercountries. D．Byperformingmusicalinstruments.22．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LifeinIreland B．Ireland,PastandPresentC．AVeryDifficultHistory D．TheIndependenceofIreland四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文（2022·遼寧·大連二十四中高一期中）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Undoubtedly,Britainisanationofhatwearers.Fromtakingoffhats____23____launchingmortarboards(學位帽)intheair,hatshavelongbeenassociatedwithceremoniesandpractices.Eventhehistoryofthecountrycan____24____(tell)throughhats.DatingbacktomedievalEngland,theflatcap____25____(bee)asymbolofworkingclasscultureinthe19thand20thcenturies.TheEdwardianerawas____26____goldenageofhats,whenthedecorationsbecameevenmoredelicate,rangingfromflowers,birdstofruits.Theporkpiehat,____27____startedinthemid19thcentury,wasthechoiceformanywelldressedVictoriancitizens.Decadeslaterit____28____style.____becameakeyfeatureofLondonstreetstyle.____29____bythe1960s,hatsfadedoutofpeople’ssightbecauseoftheriseofprivatecars.ItwastheRoyalWeddingheldin2011____30____contributedtothereturnofhatwearing.Forexample,HatWorksMuseum—theonlymuseuminStockportfeaturedinhatsandhatmaking—is____31____(popular)thanever,withagreatincreaseamongitsvisitors.WhatmarksBritainoutontheworldstageisthelargenumberofhatsofdifferentshapesandcolors.The____32____(various)ofhatsinBritainreflectsitsmulticulturalbackgroundandrichculturalheritage.16．D

17．D

18．A【導語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了南美幾個國家名字背后的故事，以及它們的一些歷史根源。16．細節理解題。根據第二段的“In1735,Frenchscientistscametomeasuretheequatorinorderto,essentially,carryoutaproxywarbetweenNewtonandDescartes.Newtonbelievedtheearthwasflattenedatthepoles,andDescartesbelieveditwassqueezedattheequator.Eventually,theFrenchpinpointedtheequatorandprovedNewtonright.(1735年，法國科學家開始測量赤道，實際上是為了在牛頓和笛卡爾之間展開一場代理人戰爭。牛頓認為地球在兩極是扁平的，而笛卡爾認為地球在赤道處是擠壓的。最終，法國人確定了赤道，證明了牛頓是對的)”可知，1735年，法國科學家對赤道做了研究。故選D。17．細節理解題。根據第三段的“Believeitornot,thename“Venezuela”isactuallybelievedtobeanodtoVenice—yes,thewaterycityinItaly.Asfarasweknow,thisnamemighthaveefromItalianexplorerAmerigoVespucci.(信不信由你，“委內瑞拉”這個名字實際上被認為是在向威尼斯致敬——是的，意大利的水城。據我們所知，這個名字可能來自意大利探險家阿美利哥·韋斯普奇)”可知，委內瑞拉與一個意大利探險家有關。故選D。18．細節理解題。根據最后一段的“Thename‘Argentina’actuallycamefromtheLatinargentum(銀),whichmeans‘silver’.Inthe1520s,VenetianexplorerSebastianCabotlearnedofthemythical“SierradelaPlata”—oramountainwithajackpot’sworthofsilver.Itcouldonlybeaccessedthroughanestuary(河口)inthesouthofthecontinent,whichhenamedSilverRiver.Cabotneverdidfindthisrumoredmountain,butthenamehegavetheriverstuck,alongwith“Argentina”,orTheLandofSilver.(“阿根廷”這個名字實際上來自拉丁語Argentum，意思是“銀”。在十六世紀二十年代，威尼斯探險家塞巴斯蒂安·卡伯特聽說了神話中的“拉普拉塔山”——或者是一座擁有相當于頭獎金額的白銀的山。它只能通過大陸南部的一個入海口進入，他把這個入海口命名為銀河。卡伯特并沒有找到傳說中的這座山，但他給這條河起的名字一直沿用至今，與“阿根廷”一起，也就是白銀之地)”可知，阿根廷這個名字與一種金屬——銀有關。故選A。19．A

20．D

21．A

22．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。講述了愛爾蘭的發展歷史。19．詞義猜測題。根據第一段“Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.(愛爾蘭有一段非常艱難的歷史)”以及“Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish.(數百年來，愛爾蘭人一直與英國人作戰)”可知，在歷史上，英國曾經統治了愛爾蘭。由此推知，所采詞的意思為“征服”。故選A項。20．細節理解題。根據第二大段“Inthe1840sthemaincrop,potatoes,wasaffectedbydiseaseandabout750,000peoplediedofhunger.This,andashortageofwork,forcedmanypeopletoleaveIrelandandliveintheUSA,theUK,AustraliaandCanada.(在19世紀40年代，主要作物土豆受到疾病的影響，約75萬人死于饑餓。這種情況，加上工作的短缺，迫使許多人離開愛爾蘭，住在美國、英國、澳大利亞和加拿大)”可知，愛爾蘭人數減少的原因是食物和工作的短缺。故選D項。21．細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.(多年來，大多數愛爾蘭人以務農為生)”可知，大多愛爾蘭人是靠務農來維持生活的。故選A項。22．主旨大意題。從整篇文章來看，文章前兩段主要講述的是愛爾蘭的歷史，后兩段描述的是愛爾蘭的今天。B項“愛爾蘭，過去和現在”最能概括主旨。故選B項。23．