M5Unit3Scienceandnature(測(cè))2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2021·陜西咸陽中學(xué)高三月考)Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote(解毒藥).Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformypany.Iwantedotherstofindthefortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Someebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubeeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.sadness...eoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it’saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。講述了作者通過園藝接近大自然，放松工作和日常生活的壓力，感受大自然的美，同時(shí)帶給了作者極大的精神力量。1.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?A.Ithelpstodevelopatakeitasitisattitude. B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression. D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Someebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubeeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.(有些花能開一天，有些花能開一個(gè)季節(jié)。有些人年復(fù)一年地回來。隨著季節(jié)的流逝，你將以一種更深刻、更精神的方式與生活中的變化聯(lián)系起來。這會(huì)讓人接受)”可知，春生夏長(zhǎng)，秋收冬藏，此天道之大經(jīng)也，通過園藝作者學(xué)會(huì)接受生命的變化，大自然的一切。故園藝有助于培養(yǎng)一種接受現(xiàn)狀的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。2.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?A.It’sbeautiful. B.It’srewarding C.It’sdepressing D.It’scooperative.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession(在課程結(jié)束時(shí)都會(huì)有一種極大的滿足感)”以及“it'saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers(它是關(guān)于創(chuàng)造一些富有成效的東西，無論是單獨(dú)還是與他人一起)”可知，園藝總會(huì)帶來豐碩果實(shí)，帶給人們滿足感和希望。故選B項(xiàng)。3.Whatisthebesttitle?A.GardeningforFun B.ASenseofWonder C.SowingSeedsofHope D.AVisionfortheFuture【答案】C【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.(但園藝給我們帶來了希望，我們可以再次創(chuàng)造一些美麗的東西，空間將不再是空曠的)”可知，園藝播種希望的種子。故選C項(xiàng)。B(2021·全國(guó)高三二模)Manyblackfootedferrets(雪貂)oncelivedintheAmericanWest.Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土撥鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.Additionally,theenvironmentinwhichtheylivedwasdestroyed.Bythe1970s,mostexpertsbelievedthatblackfootedferretsnolongerexisted.Then,in1981,agroupofthemwerefoundinWyoming,buttheyweresuddenlyhitbyanunknowndiseaseinthemid1980s,andtheirpopulationdecreasedtojust18.TheUSFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)caughtallofthemandtriedtoprotectthem.Allbutsevendied.Currently,there’rebetween400and500ferretsremaining.ButallofthemarerelatedtothesevenanimalsrescuedfromWyomingexceptElizabethAnn.Normally,theDNAoftheanimalsgetsmixedupwhendifferentpairsofanimalshavebabies.ThesmalldifferencesintheirDNAcanhelpprotectthegroupasawhole.Becausealllivingblackfootedferretsarecloselyrelated,theyallhavesimilarweaknesses.ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblackfootedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.Inthe1980s,theDNAfromaferretnamedWillawasstoredinthe“FrozenZoo”runbySanDiegoZooGlobal.Hopefully,cloningwouldallowblackfootedferretstoreturntothewild.Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.Thematterwaslefthangingintheair.Butin1996,ascientistclonedasheep,called“Dolly”.Sincethen,manyotheranimalshavealsobeencloned.TheUSFWShasbeentalkingaboutcloningblackfootedferretssince2013.In2018,theyfinallygaveagroupcalledRevive&Restorepermissiontotryit.OnDecember10,2020,ElizabethAnnwasborn.Bloodtestshaveprovenhertobe100%blackfootedferret.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家利用一只死于30多年前的黑足雪貂的DNA，克隆出了一只健康的黑足雪貂伊麗莎白·安。他們希望通過克隆提高這些瀕危雪貂的生存機(jī)會(huì)。4.Whatwasthemaincauseofblackfootedferrets’almostdyingoutbythe1970s?A.Theywereshortoffood. B.Theywerekilledbyfarmers.C.Theylosttheirlivingplaces. D.Theysufferedfromabaddisease.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句“Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs(土撥鼠).Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.”(它們主要以草原土撥鼠為食。但是當(dāng)農(nóng)民開始捕殺土撥鼠時(shí)，很多土撥鼠也死了。)可知，由于大量的土撥鼠被殺，黑足雪貂失去了食物來源而死亡。故選A。5.WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutcloningElizabethAnn?A.Theeffectivemethod. B.Thegreatsignificance.C.Thedifferenttypes. D.Thepotentialrisk.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblackfootedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.”(但是伊麗莎白·安是從20世紀(jì)80年代死去的動(dòng)物身上克隆出來的，所以她的DNA非常不同。當(dāng)這種DNA被重新混合進(jìn)來時(shí)，未來的黑足雪貂總體上將會(huì)更健康)可知，本段主要在談克隆伊麗莎白·安的意義所在。故選B。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangingintheair”inParagraph4mean?A.Unexpected. B.Unconcerned. C.Unresolved. D.Unexposed.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.”(克隆的想法是可以理解的，但很難對(duì)許多動(dòng)物實(shí)施)可知，此處是指這件事無法解決。所以hangingintheair的意思是“懸而未決”。故選C。7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewcloningageising. B.Anendangeredspeciessurvivedbycloning.C.Theresearchofferrets’DNAwasconducted. D.Thetruthoftheextinctionoftheferretswasrevealed.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了黑足雪貂的瀕危狀態(tài)，第二段講述世界上現(xiàn)存的雪貂數(shù)量，其中伊麗莎白·安和被救的七只雪貂無關(guān)，第三段講述了克隆伊麗莎白·安的意義所在，第四段講述了克隆技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓黑足雪貂重返野外和克隆技術(shù)的進(jìn)程，最后一段講述了伊麗莎白·安被成功克隆出來。所以文章主要是講黑足雪貂這種瀕臨滅絕的物種靠克隆活了下來。故選B。C(2021·全國(guó)高三模擬)Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因)foods.A2018researchcenterfoundthat49%ofAmericansthinkfoodscontainingGMingredients(成分)areworseforone'shealththannaturalfoods.Slightlyfewerpeople,44%,believefoodswithGMingredientsareneitherbetternorworseforone'shealth.Only5%sayGMfoodsarebetterforone'shealth.Thecenterthusrevealsanearly5050splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.InAmerica,allGMfoodsmustbeapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),whichrequirescarefulassessment.GMfoodscanresultinanimprovementofafood'sappearanceortaste;someGMfoodsmaturefasterandareslowertorot.So,whydohalfofAmericansbelievefoodscontainingGMingredientsareworse?Onereasonistheincreasedinterestinnaturalandorganicfoods.AnotheristhatthelongtermeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.Thescientificconsensus,basedonmanystudies,isthatGMfoodsarenotdangeroustohumanhealth.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationarguesthatGMfoodscanevenbehealthierforyou.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)statesthat.“GMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarkethavepassedsafetyassessmentsandarenotlikelytopresentrisksforhumanhealth”.FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillongtermstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了人們以及科學(xué)界對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的爭(zhēng)議。8.Whydoestheauthormentionthestudyinthebeginning?A.TodefineGMfoods. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Toexpressanopinion. D.Toprovideevidence.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因)foods….Thecenterthusrevealsanearly5050splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.(很少有什么能像轉(zhuǎn)基因食品那樣引起如此大的爭(zhēng)議。2018年的一個(gè)研究中心發(fā)現(xiàn)，49%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為含有轉(zhuǎn)基因成分的食品比天然食品更有害健康。略少一些的人(44%)認(rèn)為含有轉(zhuǎn)基因成分的食物對(duì)健康既沒有好處也沒有壞處。只有5%的人認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品對(duì)健康更有益。因此，該中心揭示，在美國(guó)人中，關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是否有害的意見幾乎是一半對(duì)一半。)可知，本段介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食物是否對(duì)人體健康有害的觀點(diǎn)的調(diào)研，目的是通過介紹人們對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的觀點(diǎn)來引出本文的主題。故選B。9.WhatcarpweinferaboutGMfoods?A.Theytastebetterbutripeslower. B.It’shardtoavoidthemindailylife.C.Theydiffergreatlyfromnaturalfoods. D.It'seasytodeterminewhetherthey'resafe.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedU.S.theU.S.”(不管他們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的看法如何，它們幾乎已經(jīng)在美國(guó)各地被消費(fèi)。大約90%的農(nóng)作物，如玉米，是轉(zhuǎn)基因的。在美國(guó)加工的幾乎所有食品中都含有一種或多種這類成分)由此可推知，在日常生活中很難避免轉(zhuǎn)基因食物。故選B。10.Whydonearly50%ofAmericansbelieveGMfoodsareworse?A.ThelongterminfluenceofGMfoodsisn’tclear.B.OrganicfoodsarehealthierthanGMfoods.C.WHObelievesthatGMfoodsratherriskyforhealth.D.Thefiguresofthestudiesmayheinaccurate.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“AnotheristhatthelongtermeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.”(另一個(gè)原因是，食用轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的長(zhǎng)期影響尚不清楚，這種食品大約在20年前才被引入)由此可知，幾乎50%的美國(guó)人都認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因食物不好是因?yàn)樗鼈兊拈L(zhǎng)期影響還不清楚。故選A。11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Approving. B.Skeptical. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段“FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillongtermstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.”(食品安全組織希望表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是安全的，但在可能進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期研究之前，許多人仍將持懷疑態(tài)度。)可知，作者客觀地介紹了當(dāng)今各個(gè)組織以及人們對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的看法，并未明確說明自己的觀點(diǎn)。由此可推知，作者對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。D(2021·上海浦東新區(qū)高三模擬)Ontheoccasionalclearfrostautumnnight,IwashikingthroughthedarkforestwithmyGMOwolf.Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(轉(zhuǎn)基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunttoothed,smallpawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.Ourworldischangingrapidly.Inthelastfivedecades,globalpopulationhasfullydoubled,with3.7billionhungrymouthsaddedtoourplanet.Duringthissametimespan,theamountoflandsuitableforagriculturehasincreasedbyonly5%.Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamineonemighthavepredicted.Howdoscientistsmodifyaplantsothatitmakesmorefoodthanitsparentsdid?Wecouldtreateachharvestlikealitterofwolfpupsandselectonlyplantsbearingthefattest,richestseedsforthenextseason.Thiswasthemethodourancestorsusedtoengineerrice,andwheatfromthewildgrassestheyencountered.Duringmychildhood,advancesingenetictechnologiesallowedscientiststoidentifyandclonethegenesresponsibleforrepressingstemgrowth,leadingtoshorter,strongerstalksthatcouldbearmoreseed—thehighyieldcropsthatfeedustoday.The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhightechtoolswithwhichtofurtherquscissors.Werocessofartificialselection.PlantgeneticistscannowdirectlyeditoutoreditinsectionsofDNAusingmolecularscissors.Wecanminimizeaplant’sweaknesseswhileaddingtoitsstrengths,andwedon’thavetowaitforseasonstopasstotesttheresult.ItisthetransformativepotentialofthesetechniquestoquicklysupplythenextgenerationcropsrequiredforupingclimatechangethathasledmetobelieveinthesafetyandfunctionofGMOplantsinagriculturalproducts.WeneedmoreGMOresearchtofeedtheworldthatwearecreating.Ilovethequietforestthatstandsbetweenmylabandmyhome.ButIknowthatasascientist,Iamresponsiblefirsttohumanity.Wemustfeed,shelterandnurtureoneanotherasourfirstpriority,andtodoso,wemusttakeadvantageofourbesttechnologies,whichhavealwaysincludedsometypeofgeneticmodification.Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.IkeepthefaithofmyancestorseachnightwhenIwalkthroughtheforesttomylab,andmyGMOwolfdoesthesamewhensheguardsmywayhome.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了喂養(yǎng)后代的轉(zhuǎn)基因食物工程。12.Whydoestheauthormentionthewolfinthe1stparagraph?A.Toadvisepeopletokeepwolvesaspets.B.Topersuadereaderstowelethenewtechnology.C.Tochangepeople’sattitudetowardswolves.D.Tointroduceatechnologyusedtohumans’advantage.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism(轉(zhuǎn)基因生物),deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunttoothed,smallpawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.(是的，我最好的朋友是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物，刻意的選擇產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)鈍牙小爪子的怪物走在我身邊)”可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因狼成了作者的寵物，并陪伴在其身邊，因此作者在第一段提到狼是為了引入對(duì)人類有好處的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物，即介紹一種用于人類利益的技術(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)。13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GMOtechnologywillhelpweatherprooffuturecrops.B.WithGMOtechnology,faminehasbeeneliminated.C.Artificialselectionsmakehighyieldplantspossible.D.Theauthorbelievestechnologyshouldcontributetofuturegenerations.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamine(饑荒)onemighthavepredicted.(神奇的是，這并沒有導(dǎo)致人們可能會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)到的全球大饑荒)”可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)沒有出現(xiàn)人們預(yù)測(cè)的大饑荒，但是也并沒有消滅饑荒。故選B項(xiàng)。14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmodifyingaplant?A.Ittakesscientistsseasonstoknowwhethertheirselectioniscorrect.B.Onewayforancestorstochangeaplantwastoclonesomegenes.C.ModemtechniqueshelpspeeduptheartificialselectionbyalteringDNA.D.ThegeneralpublicshowstrongfaithinGMOplants,n【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhightechtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.(21世紀(jì)帶來了一系列令人驚嘆的新高科技工具，這些工具進(jìn)一步加速了人工選擇的過程)”可知，現(xiàn)代技術(shù)通過改變DNA來加速人工選擇。故選C項(xiàng)。15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.GMOTechnology—TurningWolvesintotheBestPetsB.EngineeredFood—FeedingFutureGenerationsC.EngineeredFood—ToBeorNotToBeD.GMOTechnology—ADrivingForceinWorldPeace【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.(我們必須繼續(xù)像以前一樣，在養(yǎng)活自己的同時(shí)滋養(yǎng)未來，每年只種植我們共同設(shè)計(jì)出來的最好的東西)”可知，文章主要介紹的了轉(zhuǎn)基因糧食對(duì)供養(yǎng)不斷增加的人口的好處，即文章主要介紹了對(duì)未來喂養(yǎng)后代的轉(zhuǎn)基因食物工程。故選B項(xiàng)。二、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2021·北京市潞河中學(xué)高三三模)Theadventofhightecheraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.Fromancienttimes,1Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.Onthepositiveside,2Onthenegativeside,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibilityofcivilianuprisingDuringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.3Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.4Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakestheeconomyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhasmasteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehavestabilizedandstoppedgrowing.5Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceselfconsciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.Asforthefollowup,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirectionA.humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfireB.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththeingofthenextWorldWarC.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.WeshouldtreattherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyesD.theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctionsE.ThepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportionF.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankindG.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了科技發(fā)展的歷史，說明高科技時(shí)代的到來仍然是基于人類使用工具能力的發(fā)展，并闡述了不同階段科技發(fā)展的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。1.【答案】A【解析】空格前是逗號(hào)，講述從古代，人們運(yùn)用工具的情況，首字母不大寫，確定A、D項(xiàng)。下文“Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.”(這些能力的積極方面被人類的生存本能挖掘出來，而消極方面則因?yàn)槲⒉蛔愕蓝缓鲆?A項(xiàng)中的“usestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfire”(用石斧砍樹，鉆木取火)對(duì)應(yīng)下文的theseabilities，且與第一段的“humanabilitytousetools”呼應(yīng)。故選A。2.【答案】D【解析】空格前是逗號(hào)，所填句子首字母不大寫,確定A、D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)“Onthepositiveside”(積極的一面)可知，此處描述前文“Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.(當(dāng)有組織的文明開始在地球上出現(xiàn)時(shí)，人們開始制造交通工具)”積極的方面，也就是人們制作交通工具的積極影響，D項(xiàng)中的“enhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctions(提高了承載能力，功能更豐富)”說明了其積極作用，與下文的“Onthenegativeside”相互呼應(yīng)。故選D。3.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)上文“Duringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.(17、19世紀(jì)是中世紀(jì)與現(xiàn)代世界的交替時(shí)期，工業(yè)革命如火如荼，人類手中有許多偉大的發(fā)明，如蒸汽機(jī)和許多工廠)”說明17、19世紀(jì)人類有許多發(fā)明，下文“Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.(積極的一面為科學(xué)探索提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，大大增強(qiáng)了動(dòng)力，大大增強(qiáng)了承載能力。消極的一面是環(huán)境污染大大加劇了)”說明了這些發(fā)明的積極作用和消極作用都提高了，因此推斷空格處承上啟下，C項(xiàng)中的“Thepositiveandnegativeaspects”引出下文，故C項(xiàng)“積極方面和消極方面都按比例增加”符合語境，故選C。4.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)上文“Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.(20世紀(jì)，人類開始使用核能，17世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)繼續(xù)大幅增長(zhǎng)。)”說明核能的出現(xiàn)以及優(yōu)勢(shì)大幅度增加，下文“Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.”(與此同時(shí)，消極影響也大幅度提高，)因此推斷空格處也是在講述核能的優(yōu)勢(shì)，B項(xiàng)中的“Inaddition”與上文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，繼續(xù)說明核能的益處，“nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation”(核威懾穩(wěn)定了世界局勢(shì))，故選B。5.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)下文“Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceselfconsciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.(但缺點(diǎn)是不可避免的。例如，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使許多網(wǎng)民沉迷于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪猖獗，人工智能的發(fā)展在一定程度上可能產(chǎn)生自我意識(shí)，有可能以其高智能來抵抗人類)”說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來的不利之處，由But可推斷，空格處說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，人工智能等的積極的影響，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankind”(然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、人工智能、新能源開發(fā)等新興領(lǐng)域給人類帶來了巨大的利益)與下文的舉例一致，且“greatlybenefitedmankind”說明了它們的好處，與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選F。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(改編自2021·河北唐山一中高三一模)FaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromessometimeshaverevealingfacialfeaturesbutusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbe1giventherearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.Anewneuralnetworkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctors2thepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltneuralnetworktolookattheoverallimpressionoffacesand3alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.They4theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.TheteamthenaskedtheAlto5potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalso6theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(變異)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysicalappearance64percentofthetime.It’sclearlynot7butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthatweremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare8andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmakeupandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsabout9.Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto10againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.11,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybeavailableforusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbring12tothosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultrararediseases,the13ofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen14thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsaddmeansoffindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand,15helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了研究人員利用新的技術(shù)手段，可以通過臉型讓人工智能發(fā)現(xiàn)罕見的疾病。1.A.convincing B.tricky C.reliable D.profitable【答案】B【解析】A.convincing令人信服的；B.tricky棘手的；C.reliable可靠的；D.profitable有利可圖的，贏利的。根據(jù)“therearehundredsofpossibleconditionstheymayhave.”可知人們可能患有數(shù)百種可能的病癥，利用這些特征來做出快速而廉價(jià)的診斷可能很棘手。故選B。2.A.bringabout B.resultfrom C.narrowdown D.ruleout【答案】C【解析】A.bringabout引起；B.resultfrom起因于；C.narrowdown縮小；D.ruleout排除。根據(jù)下文“Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthen...thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.”可知一種新的分析人臉照片的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助醫(yī)生縮小這種可能性。故選C。3.A.return B.input C.top D.feed【答案】C【解析】A.return返回；B.input輸入；C.top居……之首；D.feed喂食，進(jìn)食。根據(jù)“the10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.”可知這里意思是把一個(gè)人最有可能患有的10種基因綜合癥列出來。故選C。4.A.based B.imposed C.concentrated D.trained【答案】D【解析】A.based以……為基礎(chǔ)；B.imposed把……強(qiáng)加于；C.concentrated集中，聚集；D.trained訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)“on17,000imagescorrectlylabeledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes.”可知研究人員對(duì)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了訓(xùn)練。故選D。5.A.identify B.distinguish C.transform D.cure【答案】A【解析】A.identify識(shí)別；B.distinguish區(qū)分；C.transform使改觀，使變形；D.cure治療。根據(jù)“potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.”可知研究小組隨后要求人工智能從另外502張患有這種疾病的人的照片中識(shí)別出潛在的遺傳疾病。故選A。6.A.tested B.demonstrated C.recognized D.modified【答案】A【解析】A.tested測(cè)試；B.demonstrated證明；C.recognized識(shí)別，認(rèn)識(shí)到；D.modified調(diào)整，修改，修飾。根據(jù)“theneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(變異)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.”可知古羅維奇和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)還測(cè)試了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)區(qū)分導(dǎo)致同一種綜合癥的不同基因突變的能力。故選A。7.A.acceptable B.perfect C.considerable D.workable【答案】B【解析】A.acceptable可接受的；B.perfect完美的；C.considerable相當(dāng)大的；D.workable切實(shí)可行的。根據(jù)下文“butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.”可知盡管它并不完美，但它仍然比人類嘗試做到這一點(diǎn)要好得多。故選B。8.A.covered B.excluded C.highlighted D.supervised【答案】C【解析】A.covered覆蓋；B.excluded排除；C.highlighted突出；D.supervised監(jiān)督。根據(jù)“andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.”可知在系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)，對(duì)判斷最有幫助的面部區(qū)域會(huì)被突出顯示。故選C。9.A.objectivity B.accuracy C.reliability D.privacy【答案】D【解析】A.objectivity客觀性；B.accuracy準(zhǔn)確性；C.reliability可靠性；D.privacy隱私。根據(jù)“Iffacescanrevealdetailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto...againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.”可知這一事實(shí)引發(fā)了有關(guān)隱私的問題。故選D。10.A.discriminate B.fight C.argue D.vote【答案】A【解析】A.discriminate歧視；B.fight與……斗爭(zhēng)；C.argue爭(zhēng)論；D.vote選舉。根據(jù)“thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould”和“peoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.”可知雇主和保險(xiǎn)公司原則上就可以秘密地使用這類技術(shù)來歧視那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人。故選A。11.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However【答案】D【解析】A.Furthermore此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否則；D.However然而。“雇主和保險(xiǎn)公司原則上就可以秘密地使用這類技術(shù)來歧視那些很有可能患有某些疾病的人”與“該工具將只供臨床醫(yī)生使用”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用however。故選D。12.A.challenges B.benefits C.damages D.concerns【答案】B【解析】A.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；B.benefits利益；C.damages毀壞；D.concerns關(guān)心。根據(jù)“Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.”可知對(duì)于某些疾病，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將大大縮短診斷時(shí)間，會(huì)為那些有遺傳綜合癥的人的帶來診斷的便捷，所以會(huì)為那些患有遺傳綜合癥的人帶來顯著的好處。故選B。13.A.treatment B.response C.consequence D.process【答案】D【解析】A.treatment治療；B.response反應(yīng)；C.consequence結(jié)果；D.process過程，進(jìn)程。根據(jù)“Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.”可知對(duì)于一些非常罕見的疾病，診斷過程可能需要很多年。故選D。14.A.replied B.confirmed C.considered D.addressed【答案】B【解析】A.replied回答；B.confirmed確診；C.considered考慮，；D.addressed解決。根據(jù)“thediagnosisthroughcheckinggeneticmarkers.”可知這里意思是通過檢測(cè)基因標(biāo)記來確定診斷。故選B。15.A.bycontrast B.inturn C.inaddition D.insummary【答案】B【解析】A.bycontrast與之相比；B.inturn反過來；C.inaddition此外；D.insummary總之，總的來說。根據(jù)“helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.”可知這里意思是對(duì)其他人來說，它可能會(huì)增加發(fā)現(xiàn)其他患有這種疾病的人的手段，反過來有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)新的治療方法或治愈方法。故選B。四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(改編自2021·全國(guó)高二語法填空)Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Thefirstmammaltobecloned1(success)fromanadultcellwasDolly,thesheep.Shewasbornin1996and