Unit2NaturalDisasters2.2Grammar動(dòng)詞不定式作定語和結(jié)果狀語知識(shí)精講概念知識(shí)精講一、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語一般不止一個(gè)詞，通常都是動(dòng)詞不定式短語。因此，作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式放在名詞或代詞的后面，起修飾和限制作用。如：Housepricesaretoohigh,soIhavenoroomtolivein.Ihavetohirearoom.Heshowedmethewaytodothejob.TodayisSunday.Ihavenothingtodo.放在名詞或代詞后面作定語的不定式和名詞或代詞常構(gòu)成以下關(guān)系：1．名詞為不定式的邏輯主語。Hisfatherwastherightpersontofindthemissingboy.他父親就是那個(gè)找到失蹤男孩的人。注意：當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞，最高級，thelast，theonly等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。Sheishard-workingandisalwaysthefirstonetoeeveryday.她很勤奮，每天總是第一個(gè)來的。Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.他是唯一了解真相的人。2．名詞為不定式的邏輯賓語。please.In，please.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.請注意，我有重要的事情要說。Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat.他每天叫一個(gè)小動(dòng)物給他帶來一些吃的東西。注意：如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，需加介詞才能與名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.給我一張紙寫字。Shehasachildtotakecareof.她有一個(gè)孩子要照顧。3．名詞與不定式是同位語關(guān)系。Whohastheabilitytodothework?誰有能力做這個(gè)工作？Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.他不是可能做這種事的人。4．動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，有被動(dòng)形式。Thehousetobebuiltnextyearwillbeforthehomeless.明年要建造的這所房子是給那些無家可歸的人的。Thesubjecttobediscussedtomorrowisabouteduction.明天要討論的主題是關(guān)于教育的。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語表示結(jié)果時(shí)常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：1．so＋形容詞/副詞＋astodo如此……以至于……Hestudiedsohardastopassthelastexam.他如此努力學(xué)習(xí)以致于通過了上次的考試。2．such＋形容詞＋名詞＋astodo如此……以至于……Heisnotsuchafoolastodothat.他還沒有蠢到做那種事。do...ughtodo...足夠……Theboywasexperiencedenoughtodealwithsuchaperson.對付那樣一個(gè)人，那個(gè)男孩很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Hewalkedfastenoughtokeepupwithhiscoach.他走得很快，趕上了他的教練。4．too＋形容詞/副詞＋todo太……而不能……Theoldwomanwastooweaktocarrytheheavybox.這個(gè)老太太太虛弱而搬不動(dòng)這個(gè)沉重的箱子。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亞號來得太晚，沒能挽救更多的人。to...verto...結(jié)構(gòu)中Hissonlefthomeonacoldmorning，nevertoreturn.他兒子在一個(gè)寒冷的早上離開了家，再也沒有回來。注意：(1)不定式短語表示結(jié)果時(shí)，常與only連用，暗示一種意外的結(jié)果。Hehurriedtothestation，onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙趕到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車開走了。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞短語也可以作結(jié)果狀語，表示由前面的事情引起的一種自然而然的結(jié)果。Hisparentsdiedearly，leavinghimanorphan.他父母早亡，因此他成了孤兒。分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練分層提分一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_____thathiswifehadlefthim.A．finding B．tofind C．beingfound D．tohavefound2．Hehurriedtothestation,________the9:30trainhadalreadyleft.A．onlytofind B．found C．tofind D．finding3．Mikeandhisfriendwenttothestadiuminahurry,only______thenewsthatthematchhadalreadybeenputoff.A．beinginformed B．informedof C．tobeinformed D．tobeinformedof4．Hehurriedtotheairport,_________theplane_________.A．tofind;hadtakenon B．onlytofind;hadtakenoffC．onlyfinding;hadleft D．found;hadtakenup5．Ihurriedtothestation,_______thetrainhadleft.A．finding B．onlytofind C．found D．havingfound6．Ipickedupmyphoneandwasabouttocallyou,________thebatterywasdead.A．finding B．onlytofind C．found D．havingfound7．I’veneverbeensopoor________abletoaffordameal.A．a(chǎn)stobenot B．notastobe C．a(chǎn)snottobe D．a(chǎn)stonotbe8．Iwenttoseehim,only________himout.A．tofind B．found C．finding D．founded9．Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,only________thetrainhadleft.A．find B．found C．finding D．tofind10．Themanhurriedtotheairport,only________theplanehadalreadytakenoff.A．tofind B．tobefound C．finding D．found11．Shehurriedtoherofficebytaxi,only_____thatthekeyhadbeenleftathome.A．finding B．found C．find D．tofind12．Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A．totell B．tobetold C．telling D．told13．YesterdayIwenttoseehim,______thathehadgoneforBeijing.A．onlytolearn B．tolearnonly C．onlylearned D．learningonly14．Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,only________thatit________.A．beingtold;wasdecorated B．telling,haddecoratedC．tobetold;wasbeingdecorated D．told;hadbeendecorating15．Haveyoueverwaitedforyourbusforaverylongtime,_____bytwoormorebusesarrivingtogether?A．onlytogreet B．onlygreeted C．onlytobegreeted D．onlygreeting16．Helefthomeearlyonly______hewaslateashewentawrongway.A．found B．tofind C．finding D．beingfound17．Haveyoueverrushedtogetaphonecell,drippingfromthebathorchewingfromthetable,_________youareawrongnumber?A．a(chǎn)ndbeingtold B．buttold C．onlytobetold D．justtotell18．Maryrushedhome______sheheardthenews,only______thatherhusbandwasgone.A．a(chǎn)ssoonas;finding B．immediately;tofindC．themoment;find D．when;found19．Healwayshasgoodways________hisclasses________.A．inmaking;

interesting B．tomake;

interestedC．tomake;

interesting D．ofmaking;

interested20．It’sgettinglate,sowemuststopdrivingtolookforaplace________.A．tolive B．tolivein C．living D．toliveon21．WhatisthebestwayTomcanthinkof______Lucywithherstudy?A．tohelp B．helping C．help D．helped22．In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman___________theNobelPrize.A．winning B．won C．towin D．haswon23．Thehouse___________nextmonthisintendedformyuncle.A．building B．built C．tobebuilt D．tobuild24．Johnwaitedforalongtimebecausehewasthelastperson____________tospeak.A．toask B．tobeasked C．beingasked D．toasked25．Procrastinationcanoftenpose________topeople’sability________theirgoalssuccessfully,whichisevident,forexample,inthefactthatitisassociatedwithreceivingworsegradesatschool.A．a(chǎn)question…ofpursuing B．a(chǎn)nobstacle…topursueC．a(chǎn)dilemma…topursue D．a(chǎn)hindrance…topursuing26．VascodaGamawasaPortugueseexplorerandthefirstEuropean_______Indiabysea.A．toreach B．reaching C．reached D．reach27．Hewaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,ashehadatrain________.A．catching B．caught C．tobecaught D．tocatch28．Everygenerationhasthedutyto_____heritageofknowledgefromthepast.A．letdown B．passdown C．falldown D．cutdown29．ButIlearnedfromMrsCaffierethatmyteachershadsomuchmoreknowledge________.A．tobeshared B．shared C．toshare D．tohavebeenshared30．—Don'tbelate!Weallagreethelastone________paysthebill.—Noproblem!Iwilleaheadoftime.A．a(chǎn)rrived B．a(chǎn)rrives C．a(chǎn)rriving D．toarrive31．Thisisthebestway________you________theproblem.A．for,tosolving B．of,tosolveC．of,ofsolving D．for,tosolve32．Withvictoriesinwomen's10mairrifleandtheairriflemixedteampetition,YangQianbecamethefirstChineseshooter________twogoldmedalsinarowinoneOlympicGames.A．winning B．towin C．won D．havingwon33．Theconference________nextmonthisboundtobeagreatsuccess.A．willtakeplace B．takingplace C．takenplace D．totakeplace34．Theteachergavemeapieceofpaper________.A．towriteon B．tobewrittenon C．towritein D．tobewritten35．Mostimportantly,theelderlyareusuallythefirst________thefoodbecausetheyarewell________inChina.A．totaste;torespect B．totaste;respected C．tasting;torespect D．tasting;respected36．Duetothefrequentschoolshootings,theonlywaythepresidentcouldimagine________suchtragedieswastoencourageteacherstocarryguns.A．preventing B．topreventC．prevented D．havingprevented37．Thewayhethoughtof________theproblemfailedintheend.A．toworkout B．workingout C．workout D．beingworkedout38．Theairport________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A．beingpleted B．pleted C．havingbeenpleted D．tobepleted39．Allthecountrieshavetheresponsibilitytomaketheearthabetterplace________.A．livein B．livingin C．tolivein D．livedin40．Ihavenomoreletters________，thankyou.A．totype B．typing C．tobetyped D．typed題組B能力提升練二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子41．—Thelastperson________(arrive)paysthemeal.—Iagree！42．WangShu,a49yearoldChinesearchitect,isthefirstChinesecitizen________(win)thisaward.43．Idon’thavetime________(sit)aroundfeelingsorryformyself.44．Thehouse________therewillbealibrary.（build）45．Magellanwasthefirstperson________(sail)aroundtheworld.46．Tomworkshardandheisalwaysthelastone________(leave)theclassroomeveryday.47．Heisalwaysthefirst________(arrive)attheschool.48．Thelivingconditionsthereseverelyrestrictedthechildren’sfreedom________(play).49．Hisability________(get)onwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.50．He'salwaysthefirstone___________(e)totheclassroom.

51．Theydidn’tgivehimachance_____(defend)himself.52．On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld________(go)intospace.53．Theseactivitiesseemedtosatisfymydesire_____(be)usefulandtofeelameaningfulconnectiontothelivesofothers.54．There’snothing________(indicate)thatitwasn’tastraightforwardaccident.55．KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectiveways________(improve)ourEnglishwritingability.________(pare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakeslesstime.56．Theywerethefirstpeople_________(reach)thetopofthemountain.57．Intheearly1600s,Galileowasthefirst_________(use)histelescopetoexploretheskyandsincethen,telescopeshavecontinuallyimproved.58．We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourpany.59．(2019·全國II)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans__________(retire)fromher36yearoldbusiness.60．Thisistheonlywaywecanthinkof________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.61．Mostoftheirtimeisspentsleepinginthetrees,whichisthebestplace________(see)akoala.62．Chinawasthefirstcountry________（drink）greenteamorethan4,000yearsagoanditstillenjoyspopularitytoday.63．Unlessyoucansleepwell,youwilllosetheability________（focus）,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.64．Hisfirstbook________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.65．Hehadalotofthings________(buy),sohearoseearlyinthemorningandwenttotown.66．ItisreportedthatArmstrongisthefirstman_____(step)onthemoon.67．Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempt________（control）theworldtheylivedin,throughagriculture.68．Wemusthavethecourage________（say）thatweareignorant.69．Hehurriedtothehouseonly________(find)thatitwasempty.70．Everyteamisfree________(choose)itsownroutefromcontrolpointtocheckpoint.71．Shehurriedtothestationonly______(tell)thetrainhadgone.72．Theyoungmanhurriedhome,only________（find）hishousebrokeninto.73．Theoldladywasdetermined,evenatherage,________（climb）themountaintofindtheherb（草藥）thatcouldsavehersickson.74．Theinfinitedistancesofspacearetoogreatforthehumanmind________(prehend).75．Studentsbraveenough_________(take)thisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.76．Duringrushhours,thesubwayisalwaystoocrowdedforpeople________(get)on.77．Iwastooyoung________(know)howtosolvetheproblem.78．Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusytocarry________aconversationwithher.79．Becauseofthetighttimetable,hewasoncetootired___________(work).80．SometimesIwastooweak________(go)toschoolsomyeducationsuffered.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）81．Irantoofast________(notice)whereIwasgoing.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）82．Tomliftedarockonly________（drop）ittohisownfeet.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）83．Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______(tell)thefilmstarshadleft.84．Theyrushedtothecinemaonly________(tell)theticketshadbeensoldout.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）85．Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough________(get)

arelatedcollegedegree.86．Thespeechhallinourschoolisbigenough__________(hold)2,000people.87．When________(ask),