2/9UNIT4單元主題訓練課時作業(一)語篇閱讀訓練——保準度Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2025·揚州一模)Youlookupattheskyonaclearanddarknight,you'llseemorestarsthanyoureyescancount.Mostofthesestarshaveplanets,similartoourown,orbitingthem.Withsomanycelestialbodiesfloatingoutinspace,youcan'thelpbutquestionwhetherotherformsoflifeexistintheuniverse.Andifthat'sthecase,isitpossibletocontactthem?Scienceisstillsomewhatdividedonthisissue.Currently,noevidenceexiststosuggestthatintelligentlifeexistselsewhereintheuniverse.Yetwithanestimatedonetrillionplanetsinourgalaxyalone,itseemshighlylikelythatEarthlingsaren'ttheonlyintelligentcreaturesoutthere.Someclaimthatlifecanonlydevelopunderperfectcircumstances,andEarthisperhapstheonlyexampleofthis.Otherscientistsobjecttothisclaim,andpointoutthatevenonEarth,lifecanfindawayunderthemostextremecircumstances.Somepeoplebelievethatalienshavealreadyvisitedourplanet,butthisinformationisbeingkeptsecretbygovernments.ThemostfamousincidentofthiskindoccurredinRoswell,NewMexicoin1947.Onthatdate,manyresidentsreportedseeinganunusualflyingdiscstreakthroughthesky,beforeitcrashedinafield.Whenthemilitaryheardaboutthecrash,theyquicklysealedoffthearea.Afewhourslater,thearmybaseannouncedthatithadrecoveredaflyingdisk.Shortlyafter,thisstatementwasretractedanditwassaidthatitwasaweatherballoonthatcrashed.However,yearslateronelocalmorticianevenclaimedthatthemilitaryhadhimsecretlyperformanautopsyonadeadalienbody.Othersbelievethattherecertainlyareotherlifeformsoutthere,butthedistancebetweenusistoogreat.Evenifwecouldsomehowcreateaspaceshipthattravelsatthespeedoflight,itwouldstillprobablytakeseverallifetimestoreachthem.Thenagain,wemightneverhavetodothisifaliensreachusfirst.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了太空中是否還存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人對此的不同看法。1．Whydosomescientiststhinkthereislifeonotherplanets?A．Anunusualflyingdiscwaseverwitnessed.B．LifeexistsdespiteextremeconditionsasthoseontheEarthdo.C．Thegovernment'sstatementseemedsuspicious.D．Thereareagreatnumberofplanetsintheuniverse.解析：選D細節理解題。根據第二段中“Yetwithanestimatedonetrillionplanets...theonlyintelligentcreaturesoutthere.”可知，有些科學家認為其他星球上有生命是因為宇宙中有大量的行星。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retracted”inparagraph3mean?A．Examinedagaintoguaranteethecorrectness.B．Emphasizedagaintopersuadepeople.C．Formallytakenbackwhathasbeensaid.D．Seriouslycriticizedduetopoorevidence.解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Afewhourslater...aflyingdisk.”以及后文“itwassaidthatitwasaweatherballoonthatcrashed”可知，該軍事基地宣布他們找到了一個飛碟。不久之后，這一聲明被撤回，據說是一個氣象氣球墜毀。故畫線詞意為“正式收回說過的話”。3．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AreWeAloneintheUniverse?B．IsItPossibletoContactAliens?C．IntelligentLifeintheUniverseD．PlanetsFloatingoutinSpace解析：選A標題歸納題。根據第一段中“Withsomanycelestialbodies...isitpossibletocontactthem？”并結合文章主要論述了太空中是否還存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人對此的不同看法可知，A選項最適合作文章標題。4．Howdoestheauthorsoundinthetext?A．Objective. B．Humorous.C．Cautious. D．Anxious.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Scienceisstillsomewhatdividedonthisissue.”；第三段中“Somepeoplebelieve...bygovernments.”以及最后一段中“Othersbelieve...betweenusistoogreat.”可推知，文中沒有提到作者的觀點，即作者是客觀的語氣。BThemoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains：theMaria(darklowlands)andtheTerrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthisassumptionwasconfirmedbymissionstothemoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.OneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessoftheMariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters：thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters,whilethecratersoftheMariatendtobemuchsmaller.Itisnowknownthatthevastmajorityofthemoon'scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.Mostofthenearsideofthemoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth-basedtelescopescanrecognizeobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaythemoondiffuselyreflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthatthemooniscoveredbyasurfacelayerwithstrange,_winding_marks.Althoughvariouslandformswerediscovered,themajorityofastronomers'attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcratershaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaveround-edgedtopsthatareraisedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinsides,anddepthsthatareaboutone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章指出月球經歷了獨特而復雜的地質歷史，呈現出驚人的外觀。文中詳細介紹了月球的地表特征以及區別。5．Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A．TheaimoftheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.B．Characteristicsofthemajorterrainsofthemoon.C．Theoriginofthemoon'scraters.D．Techniquesusedtodiscoverthemoon'slandforms.解析：選B主旨大意題。根據第一段中“Themoon,whichhasexperienced...theTerrace(brighthighlands)．”并結合文章詳細介紹了月球的地表特征以及區別可知，本文主要介紹了月球的地表特征。故選B。6．WhyaretheSurveyorandApollomissionsmentioned?A．Toconfirmearliertheoriesaboutthemoon'ssurface.B．Torevealthatpreviousideasaboutthemoon'scraterswereunreasonable.C．Toprovidedetailedinformationaboutthemoon'ssurface.D．Toidentifyhowthemoon'scratersweremade.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Thecontrastinthereflectivity...SurveyorandApollo.”可推知，提到“勘測者”和“阿波羅”是為了證實先前關于月球表面的理論。故選A。7．Theauthormentions“strange,windingmarks”inParagraph3asanexampleof________.A．anaspectofthelunarsurfacediscoveredthroughlunarmissionsB．acharacteristicoflargecratersC．adiscoverymadethroughtheuseofearth-basedtelescopesD．featuresthatastronomersobservedtobecommontotheearthandthemoon解析：選C推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Earth-basedtelescopescanrecognize...windingmarks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的標記”是作為一個使用地面望遠鏡進行發現的例子。故選C。8．Thelastparagraphprobablycontinueswith______.A．somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformedB．thedifferentshapessmallcraterscanhaveC．thereasonscratersaredifficulttostudyD．thedescriptionofsomefeaturesoflargecraters解析：選D推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可推知，最后一段可能會繼續描述一些大型隕石坑的特征。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五TheCassini-Huygensspaceprobe,whichreachedSaturnlastweek,hassentbackamazingphotographsoftheplanet'sfamousringsviewedinultravioletlight.__9__Thedifferentcoloursshowexactlywhattheringsare.Theredmeanstheringcontainstinypiecesofrockandtheblueandgreenislikelytobeamixtureofwaterandfrozengases.__10__That'swhyitissolightanditcouldfloatonwater—ifabigenoughoceancouldbefound!__11__Itaimstoexploretheplanetanditsringsandmoons.Itwaslaunchedin1997anditsmissionwastoexplorethe“gasgiant”planet,whichisthefurthestplanettobeseenfromtheEarthwithoutatelescope.Scientistssaythespacecraft'sfour-yeartourofSaturnmaytellthemhowtheringsareformed.__12__TheprobehassentbackpicturesofsomeofSaturn'smoons,includingPhoebeandTitan.Phoebehasastrangeshape.___13__Saturn'sbiggestmoon,Titan,isbelievedtobetheonlybodyinthesolarsystemotherthantheEarthwithliquidonthesurface.TheimagesofPhoebeandTitanlookstrangelylikephotosoftheEarthandourownmoon,takendecadesagobytheearliestspacemissions.A．Saturnitselfismadeofgases.B．Thepicturesarehardtotakeinspace.C．Theprobeisaninternationalspaceproject.D．Theywilldiscovermoresecretsaboutthespacecraft.E．Thepicturesshowtheminshadesofblue,greenandred.F．Itwillalsostudytheplanet'satmosphereandmagneticfield.G．Unlikeotherplanetsandtheirmoons,itisnotperfectlyround.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Cassini-Huygens太空探測器以及土星的相關情況。9．選E根據上文可知探測器拍攝到了照片，可推測本句承接上文繼續說明這些照片的情況，E選項中Thepictures對應上文中photographs。故E選項“這些照片用藍色、綠色和紅色的色調展示它們”符合語境。10．選A根據上文可知，照片上藍色和綠色可能是水和冰凍氣體的混合物，后文則說那就是它這么輕的原因，由此可知本句是在說明土星很輕的原因，后文it指代A選項中Saturn。故A選項“土星本身是由氣體組成的”符合語境。11．選C根據下文可知，主要介紹了探測器的目的和任務，下文中It指代C選項中Theprobe。故C選項“這個探測器是一個國際空間項目”符合語境。12．選F根據上文可知，航天器在土星未來的任務，F選項中It指代上文中thespacecrafts。故F選項“它還將研究該星球的大氣和磁場”符合語境。13．選G根據上文可知，菲比形狀很奇怪，本句應承接上文進一步說明奇怪之處在哪里，G選項中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G選項“不像其他行星和它們的衛星，它不是完美的圓”符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空A54-year-olddentist,Goodmanpurchasedhisfirst__14__andjoinedtheHowardAstronomicalLeague(HAL)．“Therearen'ttoomanybigastronomy__15__，”saidMarcFeuerberg,whoisPresidentofHAL.“Ifyouareintoastronomyatall,youkindofenduphere.”HALwhichhasabout120members__16__“starparties”severaltimesamonth.Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools,withthe__17__ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky__18__.Astronomyingeneralissortoflikehamradio.Itwas__19__justafterWorldWarⅡ，__20__nowitis“kindofgraying”，saidChasRimpo,theclub'seventsorganizer.Membersofferseveralreasonsforthe__21__：kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputersthan__22__；peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto__23__.Buttheysaythere'snothinglikebeingoutdoors,lookingattheskyandconsideringEarth'stinyplaceinthe__24__.HALmembersaredoingwhattheycantomakeanimpressiononanewgenerationof__25__astronomylovers.Plansareunderwayto__26__theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark,saidRimpo.AlphaRidgeParkwaschosenasthesitebecauseitis__27__locatednearInterstate70,butmostlybecauseithaslittlelightpollution,saidGoodman.“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace，”Goodmansaid,“butonceitis__28__，itwillberunbyHALmembersandbeopentothepublic.AnditwillgiveHALaplaceofitsown.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了霍華德天文社團為培養新一代天空觀測者而做出了許多努力。14．A.radio B．telescopeC．machine D．computer解析：選B根據后文HowardAstronomicalLeague可推知，Goodman購買的是用來觀測的望遠鏡。故選B。15．A.schools B．clubsC．companies D．centers解析：選B根據上文HowardAstronomicalLeague可知，此處指大型的天文社團(clubs)。故選B。16．A.takes B．holdsC．builds D．opens解析：選B根據后文“starparties”可知，是舉辦(holds)“星星派對”。后文“Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools”也有提示。故選B。17．A.opinion B．suggestionC．goal D．agreement解析：選C根據后文“ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky”可知，是在說明舉辦這些活動的目標是為了培養新一代的天空觀察者。故選C。18．A.watchers B．astronautsC．visitors D．astronomers解析：選A根據上文Goodman買望遠鏡可知，俱樂部的目標是為了培養新一代的天空觀察者。故選A。19．A.successful B．popularC．important D．secure解析：選B根據后文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知，在二戰剛結束時天文學很受歡迎，但是現在有點衰退了。故選B。20．A.and B．soC．but D．though解析：選C根據上下文語境可知為轉折關系，應用連詞but。故選C。21．A.shortcomings B．disadvantagesC．failure D．decline解析：選D根據上文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知，此處是在分析如今俱樂部衰退的原因。故選D。22．A.watchout B．goawayC．goout D．giveaway解析：選C根據上文“kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputers”可知，如今的孩子喜歡待在家里看電腦，不愿意出門。故選C。23．A.operate B．purchaseC．adjust D．calculate解析：選A根據上文peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto可知，人們認為望遠鏡難以操作(operate)，其他選項不符合語境。故選A。24．A.sky B．universeC．earth D．world解析：選B根據上文consideringEarth'stinyplaceinthe可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故選B。25．A.skillful B．excellentC．potential D．patient解析：選C根據上文anewgenerationof可知，HAL的成員正在盡其所能給新一代潛在的(potential)天文愛好者留下深刻印象。故選C。26．A.pick B．insertC．fit D．place解析：選C根據后文“theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark”可知，在阿爾法嶺公園安裝天文臺的計劃正在進行。故選C。27．A.totally B．convenientlyC．partly D．conventionally解析：選B根據后文“locatednearInterstate70”可知，阿爾法嶺公園靠近70號州際公路，交通很方便。故選B。28．A.chosen B．designedC．completed D．found解析：選C根據上文“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace”可知，此處表示天文臺一旦完成。故選C。Ⅳ.語法填空The500-metreApertureSphericalRadioTelescope,alsoknownasChina'sTianyanor“SkyEye”，has__1__(official)openedtoglobalscientistssinceMarch,2021.Asweknow,radiotelescopes__2__(design)to“listen”or“receive”signalsemittedfromtheuniverse.Withspecializedantennas(天線)andradioreceivers,thesetelescopescandetectradiowavesfromstars,galaxiesandblackholes.Thedatacollectedinturnhelpscientists__3__(good)exploretheuniverse.Itwillalsobeusedoccasionallytosearchforalienlife.Thegiantradiotelescopewillalsohelpfindmorepulsars(脈沖星),whichsendoutsteadysignalsandwavesinaregularrhythm.Scientistsusepulsars__4__(study)theextremestatesofmatter,measurecosmic(宇宙的)distancesandtracktimeinanultra-precise(超精密)way.Sofar,it__5__(discover)morethan240pulsars.__6__(locate)insouthwestChina'sGuizhouProvince，__7__largestsingle-dishradiotelescopeoftheworldwascompletedin2016.Itwasputtouse__8__January11,2020.FASTisnowtheonly“SkyEye”__9__humanscanusetoobservecosmicwaves.Ithasimmensepotentialtodetectfastradioburstsandgravitationalwaves,__10__(provide)datasupportforresearchintothephysicalprocessoftheBigBang,accordingtoexpertsattheNAO.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的“天眼”望遠鏡已經投入使用和其工作原理，它為研究大爆炸的物理過程提供了數據支持。1．officially考查副詞。使用副詞作狀語修飾謂語動詞。2．aredesigned考查時態和語態。該句描述的是一般事實，使用一般現在時，主語radiotelescopes(復數意義)和design之間是被動關系，應用被動語態。3．be