UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.talen.故事；敘述2.merchantn.商人；批發商adj.海上貨運的3.fleetn.艦隊；機群；車隊4.beholdvt.看；看見5.leaguen.等級；水平；聯合會；聯賽6.spicen.(調味)香料7.maritimeadj.海的；海運的；海事的8.submersiblen.潛水器；可潛船9.capsulen.膠囊；太空艙10.coraln.珊瑚11.directoryn.名錄；電話號碼簿；(計算機文件或程序的)目錄12.gallonn.加侖(容積單位，1英制加侖約等于4.5升)13.marineadj.海的；海產的；海生的

高頻詞匯1.________adj.皇家的；王室的；高貴的2.________n.航道；海峽；頻道royalchannel3.________n.紐帶；關系vt.&vi.增強信任關系；使牢固結合4.____________n.錦標賽；聯賽bondtournament5.________n.筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦6.________vt.對……征稅；使納稅n.稅；稅款7.________adj.有人控制的；需人操縱的laptoptaxmanned8.__________adv.在水下adj.水下的9.__________adv.與此同時；(比較兩方面)對比之下10.________vt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄n.正式記錄；日志；原木

11.________n.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止underwatermeanwhilelogarrest

拓展詞匯

1.extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長→_________n.延伸；擴大；延長期→_________adj.廣闊的；大規模的；廣泛的2.negotiatevt.商定；達成(協議)vi.談判；磋商；協商→___________n.談判；協商→___________n.談判代表；協商者

3.withdrawvi.&vt.(使)撤回；撤離→__________n.撤走；收回

4.politicsn.政治；政治觀點→________adj.政治的→________n.政治家；政客extensionextensivenegotiationnegotiatorwithdrawalpoliticalpolitician5.professionn.職業；行業→____________adj.職業的；專業的n.專業人士；職業選手→_________n.教授professional

6.mixturen.混合；結合體；混合物→________vi.&vt.(使)混合；(使)摻和；(使)融合→________adj.混合的；混雜的

7.coveragen.新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→________vt.覆蓋；報道；涉及n.封面professormixmixed8.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞→________n.鼓掌；掌聲；喝彩coverapplause9.migrationn.遷移；遷徙；移居→_________v.遷移；遷徙→_________n.移居者；移民migratemigrant10.exploitvt.開發；利用；剝削→____________n.開發；利用；剝削exploitationmurderermerciful11.murdervt.謀殺；兇殺；毀壞n.謀殺；兇殺→___________n.謀殺犯merciless

12.mercyn.仁慈；寬恕；恩惠→__________adj.仁慈的；寬大的→_________adj.無情的；殘忍的possessopposeopposed

13.possessionn.[usuallypl.]個人財產；擁有；控制→________vt.擁有；占有；具有

14.opponentn.反對者；對手；競爭者→__________vt.反對；抵制→__________adj.反對的；截然不同的熟詞生義exploit【熟義】vt.開發【生義】vt.利用；剝削【典例】Criticsclaimheexploitedthechildrenforpersonalgain.批評家稱他為一己私利利用了孩子們。

重點短語1.set________起航；開航2.________aleagueofone'sown獨領風騷3.withdraw________退出；撤回4.________hand在手頭；可供使用5.press___________記者招待會；新聞發布會6.reach________伸出(手)sailinfrominconferenceout

7.findone's__________找到正確的路；滲入到；推開人群擠進去

8.________thecommandof在……的控制下/指揮下

9.forthe________of為了……的利益

10.berelated________與……有關wayunderbenefitto精選佳句教材原句whichalsoledto

1.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,________________________________moreawarenessofeachother'scultures.在這里，來自中國和其他許多地方的商人聚在一起談判貿易協議，這也讓人們對彼此的文化有了更多的了解。

句式結構

句式1：which引導的非限制性定語從句教材原句AlthoughChinawithdrew

2.________________________________________________after1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.盡管中國在1433年之后退出了進一步的遠征，但這些陸海通道在幾個世紀里仍然是其他文化之間活躍的通道。fromfurtherexpeditions句式結構句式2：although引導讓步狀語從句(不能和but連用)教材原句theicewillmelt

3.Butifweburnthese,________________________________moreandthisnegativecyclewillcontinue.但如果我們燒掉這些，冰就會融化更多，這樣的惡性循環就會繼續下去。

句式結構

句式3：if引導的條件狀語句，主句應用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時教材原句Understandingmoreaboutthesea

4._____________________________________________willalsohelpusmanageitsresourcesbetter.更多地了解海洋也將有助于我們更好地管理海洋資源。

句式結構

句式4：動名詞作主語課文復現

Tradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind'sgreatestachievements.1._________(merchant)andexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid. Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayalong2._______becameknownastheSilkRoad，3.____________(extend)alongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,centredaroundCeylon.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,4.________alsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures.MerchantswhatextendingwhichfleetsUnder

Later,theMingDynastysentsevenlarge5._______(fleet)tosailwestonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.6.________thecommandofZhengHe,theysetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantothemouthoftheRedSea,andthentotheeastcoastofAfrica.AlthoughChina7.______________(withdraw)fromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.

Toreachoutacrossthesea8.____________(remain)astrongdesiretoday.TheaimoftheBeltandRoadInitiativeistoencouragewithdrewremainscooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas,and9.___________(strength)thebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes.Chinahasalsojoineditsfriendsacrosstheseaonotherimportantprojects.TheneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChina10.__________(reach)outacrosstheseafarintothefuture.strengthentoreach單句語法填空possessions1.Manypeoplehadtheir___________(possess)buriedundertheruins,thusbecominghomeless.professional

2.Theprimeministerofthecountrywasoncea_____________(profession)athleteaswellasalicensedlawyer. 3.Hedoesn'thavethefreedomtochoosewhathelikes,soIhavemercy________him.on4.Inegotiated________othersponsorsoftheexhibitionabouthowtoorganizeitperfectly.with5.Forsomereason,Iwithdrew________ahandfulofgrandclubsandIwillneverjointhemagain.from6.The_________(cover)provedtobeoutoflinewiththetruthwasdeleted.coveragetostrengthen

7.It'ssaidthatanopen-airbarbecuewillbescheduled,whoseaimis_____________(strengthen)thebondoftheemployees.atmixtureapplause

8.Dokeepinmindthatmyassistancewillbe________handwheneveryouneedit. 9.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits________(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements. 10.Allthemerchantsstayedsilent,listenedtomecarefullyandgavemeabigroundof________(applaud)attheend.1.mixturen.混合；結合體；混合物【典例】

①Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.植物從空氣中泵出的是一種被稱為揮發性有機化合物(簡稱VOCs)的混合物。②Withmixedfeelingsinmind,shedoesn'tknowwhethertomajorinbiology.心中百感交集，她不知道是否該主修生物學。 ③Idon'tliketomixbusinesswithpleasure.我不喜歡把工作和娛樂混為一談。 ④Dashan,whohasbeenlearningcrosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.大山學習相聲已經幾十年了，相聲是中國的喜劇傳統，他想把它與西方的單口相聲傳統結合起來。【歸納】amixtureof...……的混合【拓展】mixedadj.混合的；混雜的mixedfeelings百感交集mixwith(使)與……混(結)合mixupwith與……混合起來

【即學即用】

單句語法填空

(1)Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits________(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements. (2)Firstmixthebutter________sugartogether,andthenaddthemilk.mixtureand/withmixed(3)Istillhave________(mix)feelingsaboutgoingtoBrazil.amixtureoflanguages

完成句子，每空一詞

(4)古英語由多種語言融合而成。

OldEnglishconsistedof_________________________________________.2.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞【典例】

①Deeplyaffectedbythespeechofthebiologist,theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedforalongtime.觀眾們被這位生物學家的演講深深感動了，久久地熱烈鼓掌。

②Weapplaudedhimforhiscourage.我們稱贊他的勇敢。 ③Therewasagreatroundofapplausewhenthegirlfinishedherlecture.那個女孩演講結束時，全場響起一陣熱烈的掌聲。【歸納】applaudloudly/warmly熱烈鼓掌applaudsb./sth.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而贊賞某人/某物【點津】(1)applaudsb.forsth.表示“因某事贊賞某人”，還可以寫為praisesb.forsth.。(2)與applaud變名詞一樣用法的還有：respond(response)和defend(defence/defense)。【拓展】applausen.鼓掌；掌聲aroundofapplause一陣掌聲breakintothunderousapplause爆發出雷鳴般的掌聲【即學即用】applausefor

單句語法填空

(1)Werosetoapplaudtheactorswhentheperformancecametoanend,andthe________(applaud)lastedforahandfulofminutes. (2)Theladywasapplauded________hergenerosity.完成句子，每空一詞(3)幕布落下時，全場爆發出雷鳴般的掌聲。It__________________________________whenthecurtaincamedown.brokeintothunderousapplause3.mercyn.仁慈；寬恕；恩惠【典例】

①Iapplaudyouradvicethatweshouldlearntoshowmercyto/havemercyonothers.我贊同你關于我們應該學會憐憫別人的建議。

②Therewasatimewhensomeendangeredmammalswerekilledwithoutmercy.曾經有一段時間，一些瀕臨滅絕的哺乳動物被無情地殺害。③Tobeexact,yourdesignisatthemercyofdepartmentpolitics.確切地說，你的設計受部門政治的支配。【歸納】havemercyon對……憐憫showmercytosb.對某人仁慈atthemercyof...在……的支配下；任由……擺布withoutmercy毫不留情地outofmercy出于憐憫【拓展】(1)mercifuladj.憐憫的；仁慈的；寬大的(2)mercilessadj.無情的；殘忍的(3)bemerciful/mercilessto對……有/沒有憐憫心【即學即用】單句語法填空mercifulonmerciless

(1)Theleaderissucha___________manandalwayshasmercy_________thosepoorpeoplebutsometimeshecanbe_________tobadpersons.(用合適的介詞或mercy的適當形式填空)完成句子theshiphadtobeatthemercy

(2)在失去引擎動力之后，這艘船只好任憑風暴擺布。

Havinglostenginepower，____________________________________________.ofthestorm4.possessionn.個人財產；擁有；控制【典例】①RightafterErintookpossessionofmywalletonthebus,shepostedapictureofmydriver'slicensetoanonlineforum,tryingtoseeifanyoneknewme.艾琳在公車上搶了我的錢包之后，就把我的駕照照片發到網上論壇，想看看有沒有人認識我。

②Hewaschargedwithpossessingashotgunwithoutbeinginpossessionofalicense.他被指控在沒有執照的情況下持有獵槍。 ③ThatpictureisinthepossessionofTom.那張照片歸湯姆所有。【歸納】personalpossessions個人財產get/take/gain/havepossessionof擁有；占有beinpossessionof占有；擁有；持有beinthepossessionof＝beinsb'spossession為某人所有；在某人的控制下【點津】

(1)inpossessionof表示主動，其主語通常是人，意為“某人擁有某物”；inthepossessionof表示被動，其主語通常是物，意為“某物被某人擁有”。如：Maryisinpossessionofthehouse.＝ThehouseisinthepossessionofMary.瑪麗擁有這所房子。

(2)相同用法的短語還有：incontrolof(控制)與inthecontrolof(由……掌控)；inchargeof(負責)與inthechargeof(由……負責)。【拓展】possessv.擁有bepossessedof具有(某品質、能力等)【即學即用】完成句子(1)這款最新的筆記本電腦是湯姆的，也就是說湯姆擁有這款最新款的筆記本電腦。inthepossessionofinpossessionof

Thelatestlaptopis____________________Tom，whichmeansthatTomis________________________thelatestlaptop.whatwepossess/takepossessionof/areinpossessionof(2)幸福不是渴望我們沒有的東西，而是享受我們所擁有的東西。Happinessisnotwishingforwhatwedon'thave，but________________________________________________________.(3)請記住，只有擁有良好的心態，你才能獲得成功。

Keepinmindthat____________________________________________________________________________________.enjoyingonlybypossessing/ifyoupossess/arepossessedofagoodstateofmindwillyouattainsuccess5.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止【典例】①Hegotarrestedforhuntingfrogsinlargeamount.他因為大量捕獵青蛙而被捕。②Thepoliceputthemerchantunderarrestinconnectionwiththerobbery.警方逮捕了那個與搶劫案有關的商人。

③Thenewly-builtfencetorestrictpublicaccesstothehillsarrestedourattention.新建的限制公眾進入山區的柵欄引起了我們的注意。④Shewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.她因涉嫌謀殺而被捕。【歸納】arrestsb.forsth.因某事逮捕某人beunderarrest被逮捕place/putsb.underarrest逮捕某人arrestone'sattention吸引某人的注意力

【拓展】

除了arrestone'sattention表示“吸引某人的注意力”外，下面這些短語也有同樣的意思：attractone'sattention,drawone'sattention,catchone'sattention,catchone'seyes。

【即學即用】單句語法填空underfor

(1)Youmayconsideryourself________arrestfromthismoment. (2)ThepolicemanarrestedTom________breakingintotherichman'shouse.

完成句子，每空一詞

(3)那個小寶寶吸引了小姑娘的注意力。

Thelittlebaby_______________________________________________.arrestedthelittlegirl'sattention1.setsail起航；開航【典例】①ChristopherColumbussetsailforthenewworldin1492.克里斯托弗·哥倫布于1492年啟航前往新大陸。

②Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,we'dbettersetoff/outforthestationimmediately.如果你想趕上那趟火車，我們最好現在馬上出發去火車站。③IwasalwaystryingtogetSaratogosailingwithme.我一直想讓莎拉和我一起去航海。【點津】setsailfor中的for不能換成to，類似的短語還有leavefor(動身去)。【拓展】setsailfor起航去……setout/offfor動身去……gosailing駕船航行

【即學即用】

完成句子，每空一詞

(1)泰坦尼克號最大的問題并不是船長在起航時期望航行安全。

ThebiggestproblemwiththegrandTitanicwasnotthatthecaptainwasexpectingasafejourney________________________________.whenhesetsailgonesailingsetsailfor

(2)那些曾經航海的水手得到許可，下星期六可以啟航去悉尼。

Thosesailorswhohadever________________werelicensedto________________________SydneynextSaturday.2.inhand在手頭；可供使用【典例】①Cokeinhand,wewalkedhandinhandpastarowoffences.我們手拿可樂，手牽手走過一排籬笆。②You'dbetterkeepadictionarycloseathand.你最好把字典放在手邊。

③Ontheonehand,computersimprovetheworkingefficiency;ontheotherhand,theyalsobringaboutsomenewproblems.一方面，計算機提高了工作效率；另一方面，它們也帶來了一些新問題。【拓展】athand在手邊；即將發生byhand用手；靠人工handinhand手拉手；連在一起地on(the)onehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……(相當于foronething...foranother...)givesb.ahand幫某人一把handin提交；上交handout散發；分發handover移交；交出handdown傳給(后代)【即學即用】handinhand用hand的相關短語填空(1)Asanoldsayinggoes，“Successandfailurealwaysgo______________.”inhandathand

(2)Havingenoughdata_________,wecansetouttoholdthepressconferenceasscheduled. (3)Meanwhile，you'dbetterkeepadictionaryclose_________sothatyoucanlookupunfamiliarwordsinit.byhandotherhandgivemeahand

(4)Evenforpersonalletters，themerchantwouldratheruseacomputerthanwrite________. (5)Ontheonehand，computersextendourvision；______________________，theyalsobringaboutsomeharmfulproblems. (6)WheneverIamintrouble，itisyouwho_________________withouthesitation.onthe

1.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.(教材P26)盡管中國在1433年之后退出了進一步的遠征，但這些陸海通道在幾個世紀里仍然是其他文化之間活躍的通道。

【剖析】本句是although引導的主從復合句。當although引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“盡管；雖然”，從句一般放在句首，且不能與but連用，但可以和yet或still連用。【典例】①(2021·新課標Ⅰ卷)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.盡管關于情商的流行觀點遠遠超出了研究能夠合理支持的范圍，但總體而言，對公眾的影響是利大于弊的。 ②Despitethepowercut,thehospitalcontinuedtofunctionnormally.盡管停電了，醫院仍然正常運作。③Childasheis,hecanhelphismotherdolotsofhousework.雖然他是個孩子，但他能幫媽媽做很多家務。【注意】(1)與although/though不能和but連用一樣，because也不能和so連用。

(2)although、though、while、as為連詞，意為“盡管；雖然”。despite和inspiteof為介詞和介詞短語，也意為“盡管”。(3)as表示“盡管”時，從句要用部分倒裝語序。【即學即用】單句語法填空Despiteof

(1)________herearnesteffort,shecouldnotfindajob. (2)Inspite________thethreatsofwar,peoplewentabouttheirbusinessasusual.

完成句子，每空一詞

(3)雖然科學家們對宇宙了解了很多，但仍有許多我們不知道的東西。Though/Althoughscientistshavelearnt

_______________________________________alotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.(4)盡管你讀得很快，但你不可能在兩天內讀完這本書。(用倒裝語序)Fastasyouread

________________________________,youcan'tfinishthebookintwodays.2.Butifweburnthese,theicewillmeltmoreandthisnegativecyclewillcontinue.(教材P32)但如果我們燒掉這些，冰就會融化更多，這樣的惡性循環就會繼續下去。

【剖析】本句為主從復合句。從句為if引導的條件狀語從句，使用了一般現在時，主句用一般將來時，即“主將從現”。【典例】

①(2022·北京卷)You'llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.如果您因錯過課程而被取消注冊，您將收到電子郵件通知。

②Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobodywillhavetoworryaboutfashion.當學校里每個學生都穿校服時，就沒有人會擔心時尚了。【注意】

如果主句是一般將來時，那么在由when、while、before、after、until、assoonas、if等引導的表示將來行為的時間或條件狀語從句中，常用一般現在時態代替一般將來時態，表示將來的動作或狀態。【即學即用】willbeabletocatch

完成句子，每空一詞

(1)如果你六點鐘起床，就能趕上進城的首班車。

You________________________________________thefirstbustotownifyougetupat6o'clock. (2)我一到上海就給你打電話。

Iwillgiveyouaring________________________IgettoShanghai.assoonas(3)他來了我就告訴他這件事。whenhecomesIwilltellhimthismatter________________________.【句型升級】按要求完成句子1.TommadeJackcomeovertohelphim.(用被動語態改寫句子，每空一詞)wasmadetocomeover

Jack________________(byTom)______________________tohelphim.

2.Thoughonlinecommunicationdevelopsrapidly,itisnotthemosteffectivechannelofcommunication.(用現在分詞改寫句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________tosharewithhisfriends

3.Mikehasalotoftravelexperiencesandhew