廣東省梅州市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末考試英語試題一、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。OurschoolislookingforpaidmemberstositontheStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering.TheBoardplaysanimportantroleininfluencingthedevelopmentanddeliveryofthevolunteeringservice.Itsaimistofindvolunteeringopportunitiesforstudentsandteachersatschool.Volunteering,whichhasthepotentialtocreatepositivesocialimpact,iskeytoschool.TheBoardwillensurethatstudents'needsareatthecoreoftheservicesothatallKing'sstudentscanmakeadifference.Thisyear,theStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering'stopicsinclude:●Volunteeringopportunitiesforthedisabled.●PromotionoftheBoard'sservice.●Howtorecognizeandrewardvolunteers.●CommentontheBoard'swork.Thisisauniqueandexcitingopportunityopentoallstudyingatschool,nomatterhowmuchorhowlittleyouhavevolunteered.TheBoardwillberunbothonlineandin-person,andboardmemberswillbepaidtheLondonLivingWage（￡11.95perhour）viaKing'sTalentBank.Theapplicationdeadlineis23:59onFriday,31stJuly2024.Applyviatheformbelow,usingyourschoolemailaddress.1．WhatdoestheBoardaimtodoforthoseatschool?A．Performvoluntarywork.B．Providelearningopportunities.C．Discovervolunteeringchances.D．Meettheiracademicneeds.2．Whichofthefollowingisapossibletopicforthisyear'sarrangement?A．Trainingvoluntaryworkers.B．Takingcareofpeoplewithdisabilities.C．RunningtheBoardonline.D．CommentontheBoard'sperformance.3．WhocanapplytobeamemberoftheBoardatKing's?A．Theteachers.B．Thestudents.C．Thegraduates.D．Theworkingstaff.閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。MyBiggestChallengeAsawriteronanadventuresportsmagazine,I'dalwaysfoughtshyofdoingtheadventurousstuffmyself,第1頁preferringinsteadtoobservetheexpertsfromasafedistanceandrelaytheirexperiencestoreadersintheformofwrittenlanguage.Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharityandtowriteaboutitafterwards.Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.IwasluckyenoughtohaveabrilliantclimbingcoachcalledKeith,whoputmethroughmypacesaftermydailywork.Hegavemeknowledgeabouteverythingfromtheimportanceofbuildingmusclegroupstohowtoavoidtirednessthroughnutrition.ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.TherewastheequipmentandtechniquesI'dneverevenheardof,allofwhichwouldcomeinhandyonthesnow-cappedpeakI'dbeclimbing.Awareofthechallenge,KeithmadeadetailedactionplanandIforcedmyselftosticktoit,doingadailyworkoutatthegymandgoingonhikeswithaheavypack.Iperfectedmytechniqueontheclimbingwallandevenwenttoclimbthemountainstogetvitalexperience.Myself-beliefincreasedalongsidemymusclepowerandIbecameconfidentaboutfinishingtheclimb.AlltoosoonIwasonaplanetomydestination.Onthatday,whenIlookedupatthemountain,Ithoughtofabandoningit.ButthenIrememberedallthehardworkI'ddoneandhowdisappointedKeithwouldbeifIgaveupatthelastminute-nottomentionlettingdownthecharityandthesenseoffailureI'dexperiencemyself.WithadeepbreathIgatheredmyequipmentandheadedoutintothesunshinetomeettherestofthegroup.AndasIsitherenow,tappingawayonmylaptop,I'mamazedatthedetailsinwhichIcanrecalleverysecondoftheclimb:theburningmuscles,thetiredness,theminorproblemsalongtheway.CouldIhavebeenbetterprepared?Possibly.WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.4．Atthebeginningoftheactivity,theauthorrevealedhis____.A．disappointmentinthecomingadventure.B．expectationofwritingabouthisexperience.C．lackofenthusiasmforthechallengehe'dbeenoffered.D．curiosityabouttakingpartinthemountainclimbforcharity.5．Whatdidtheauthorrealizeduringhisclimbtraining?A．Theknowledgeaboutclimbingwasreallyconfusing.B．Theequipmentwasthekeyfactortoreachthepeak.C．Climbingwasmuchmorecomplicatedthanexpected.D．Hardtrainingwasfarmoreimportantthanmakingplans.6．Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhesucceededinclimbingthemountain?A．Hewasrelievedthathewouldn'thavetodoitagain.第2頁B．Hewaswellsatisfiedthathehaddonehisbestforit.C．Hewassurprisedthathehadmanagedtocompleteit.D．Hewasregretfulthatitwasn'tassmoothasimagined.閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。Accordingtonewstudies,manybirdsintheAmazonrainforesthavebecomesmallerastemperatureshaveincreased.Thedifferencehasn'tbeenobvious,butithasbeensignificantenoughthatsomescientistshavesuggestedit'sauniversalresponsetoclimatechange.Butnewresearchfindsthatthebodysizereductionsaren'thappeningacrosstheboardwithsomelarge-brainedbirdshavingmuchlesssignificantchanges.Forthestudy,researchersstudiedsomedataonabout70,000birdsthathaddiedwhentheycrashedintobuildingsinChicagofrom1978to2016.Theyaddeddataonbrainvolumeandlifespan（壽命）for49ofthe52speciesofmigratorybirds（候鳥）intheoriginalstudy.Theyfoundthatbirdswithverylargebrainshadreductionsinoverallbodysizethatwereaboutone-thirdofthereductionsnotedinbirdswithsmallerbrains.Theythoughtthatinbirds,thespecieswithbigbrainsaretheonesthatbuildtools,managetosurviveintoughenvironments,livelonger,investmoretimeandenergyintoraisingbabies,andendupsurvivingbetterinthewild.Researchersaren'tcertainexactlyhowwarmertemperaturesmightleadtodecreasingbodysizeinbirds,buttheyareconsideringtwopossibleexplanations,whichcouldevenbehappeningatthesametime.First,naturalselectionmightbefavoringbirdsthatcandissipateheatbetter.Thisisbecausesmallerbirdshavehigherratios（比例）ofsurfaceareatovolume,sobeingsmallcanhelpbirdsstaycool.Second,warmersummersmighthavelessfoodavailableforbirdsatthetimewhentheyarefeedingtheirbabies.Inthatcase,birdsmightbegettingsmallerbecauseofdecreasedfoodovertheyears.Thefindingsdon'tsuggestthatclimatechangeishavingzeroimpactonbigger-brainedbirds,butresearchersbelievethesefindingscaninformusofclimatechangeandhelpsetconservationpriorities.7．Howdoesclimatechangeaffectbirds?A．Theirbrainsizeexpands.C．Theirbodytemperaturerises.8．Howdidthescientistsdotheresearch?A．Byanalyzingthebirddata.B．Theirlifespanshortens.D．Theirbodysizeshrinks.B．Byobservingthebirdsdying.C．Bystudyingthebirddeathrate.D．Byclarifyingthebirdspecies.第3頁9．Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"dissipate"inparagraph5?A．a(chǎn)bsorbB．loseC．holdD．use10．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Birds'BodySizesVaryB．BrainSizeMattersforBirdsC．ClimatechangesSharplyD．TemperatureRisesGlobally二、第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.?11．?WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime."Iadoredancing,"saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa."Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife."Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages."Teachingdanceiswonderful.?12．?It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife."?13．dances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.?14．So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,"Dance,likethe?"Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,"saysBridges."They'relearningtodotraditional?."patternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.?15．hardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive."?IfinditA.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.E.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.三、第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ifacheetah（獵豹）,awolfandawell-trainedhumanallenteredamarathon,whowouldwin?Thecheetahwoulddefinitelytakeanearly16．.Thewolfwouldprobablypassthecheetahafterafewmiles.Butattheendofthe26miles,thehumanwouldbethefirsttocrossthe17．line.第4頁Humanshaveonlytwolegsbuta（n）staminaneededtorungreatdistances.Andbecausewecansweat,wecancontrolourbodyrun.Whyarewesogoodatrunning?Runningwasnecessaryforearlyhuman20．toplayanimportantroleinhuman18．capacityforrunning.Ourpowerfullungsgiveusthe19．whilewe.Ofcourse,wedon'toftenneedtorunforsurvivalthesedays.Allthesame,runningculturesallovertheworld.21．Marathonrunningisperhapsthebest-knownexampleofhumanrunningbigbusiness.Millionsofpeopleworldwidewatchontelevisionaseliterunners22．23．.Thatisbecauseitisaformillionsofdollars.And,ofcourse,businessesHowdoessomeonebecomeanelitemarathoner?Theanswer.ItenisasmallfarmingtowninKenya'swesternhighlands.Itisalsohometosevenoftheworld'stoptenmarathonwinners.Mostofthemare26．oftheKalenjintribe.Theytendtohave27．bodiesfor24．productssuchasathleticshoesduringthecompetition.25．runnersofKenyaseemtohavefoundtherunning.Theirslimbodies,longlegsandshortwaistsconcentratelegs.28．wherearunnerneedsitmost—theAndbecauseItenis8,000feetabovesealevel,theKalenjini29．a(chǎn)nenormouslungcapacity.Theyneedittogetoxygenoutofthethinair.ThisgivestheKalenjinianimportantracesatloweraltitude.30．whentheycompetein16．A．endB．leadC．startD．jump17．A．finish18．A．limited19．A．balance20．A．conflict21．A．failsB．parallelB．reducedB．performanceB．spiritC．boundaryC．intelligentC．temperatureC．prosperityC．continuesC．speedD．verticalD．incredibleD．guardD．survivalD．declinesD．cultureD．searchB．ceases22．A．innovation23．A．payB．historyB．a(chǎn)ccountB．purchaseB．stubbornB．membersB．fragileC．competeC．a(chǎn)ward24．A．promote25．A．backward26．A．guests27．A．idealD．restrictD．legendaryD．refereesD．flexibleD．oxygenD．deviseC．responsibleC．coachesC．rigid28．A．a(chǎn)ttention29．A．release30．A．edgeB．effortC．powerB．developB．inspirationC．calculateC．impressionD．obstacle四、第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題卡的相第5頁應(yīng)位置。Theneedforspeedissodeeplyrootedinmodernsocietythatweoftenforgettopresspauseandthinkaboutthethingsthatget?31．?（good）withtime:antiques,agedwine,long-termrelationshipsandexpertiseovertheyears.PekingOperaisaslowprocesstoo.Anoften-repeatedsayinggoesasfollows:Threeminutesonstage,10years?32．?stage.It'smeantasanodtoitsdemandingnatureandareminderofitshighstandardsthatensurethatanyperformance?33．PekingOperaisdemandingbecauseoftheextensivelistofskillsit?34．performerisanactor,singer,dancer,acrobat,mimeandmartialartistallrolledintoone.They'realsoexpected??（do）thewaytheforefatherswantedit.?（require）.A35．?（apply）delicatemake-up,putonheavycostumesand,?36．?（depend）ontheircharacter,performonstagein15cmplatformshoes.Thereissomuchtotakein?37．?disciples（學(xué)徒）usuallystarttheircareerasyoungchildren,spendingyearsconditioningtheirbodiesandmindsforthestage.Sowhatchancedoes?38．?theatrebeginnerwithlittlepatienceandzeroflexibilitylikemestandagainstPekingOpera?DoIhavewhatittakestoputona?39．onewaytofindout:I'mrollingupmysleevesandtrainingunderthe?40．mastersinthefield.?（success）show?There'sonly?（guide）ofseniorstage五、第四部分寫作（共五節(jié)，滿分70分）第一節(jié)詞匯運用（共10小題；每題1分，滿分10分）根據(jù)括號里所給的單詞或中文提示，寫出句子中所空缺的單詞的正確形式。41．Whenyougetoffthebus,donotforgettotakeallyour?42．Inthefaceofhisphysical??（belong）.?（disable）,thelittleboydoesn'tloseheart.43．Thepoemisaboutthedreamofaworldfreeof??（race）prejudice.44．Whatdoyouusuallydotoget??（refresh）whenyouaretiredorstressedout?45．Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldowna??（dust）trackcoveredinweeds.46．Theyhavea??（坦率的）andfree-and-easyattitudetowardslife.47．Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsome?48．Theselandandsearoutesremainedactive??（自制力）.?（航道）betweenotherculturesforcenturies.49．Governmentsneedtoconsidermaking??（政策）andtakingappropriateactionsandmeasures.50．The??（女售貨員）wasrudetoher,sosherangtherobotandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.六、第二節(jié)完成句子（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)句意和中文提示，用所學(xué)短語的正確形式完成句子。51．生活由許多要素組成，如家庭、朋友、學(xué)習(xí)、工作、娛樂等。第6頁Life??manyelements,suchasfamily,friends,study,?frommyownexperiencethatwherethereisa?tokeepwarmoncolddays.work,entertainment,andsoon.52．人類應(yīng)該學(xué)會與動物和諧相處。Humansshouldlearntolive??animals.53．昨天我從親身經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：有志者，事竟成。YesterdayI?willthereisaway.54．20分鐘以后這艘船將起航前往海南。Theshipwill??andheadforHainanintwentyminutes.55．過去在農(nóng)村，寒冷的日子里，人們會生火取暖。Inthepastinthecountryside,peoplewould?七、第三節(jié)課文默寫（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)中文意思，把對應(yīng)的課文英語句子默寫出來。56．科學(xué)課是我最具挑戰(zhàn)性的科目，因為我的學(xué)生沒有做實驗的概念。57．對年輕人來說，有大量的時間可以改變不良習(xí)慣。58．托尼高大英俊，頭發(fā)順滑，嗓音低沉，不過他的面部表情始終不變。59．他們的友善和熱情讓我無論走到哪里都有賓至如歸的感覺。60．我今年19歲，身體健康，精力充沛。八、第四節(jié)書面表達（共1小題；滿分15分）61．假定你是李華。你校將舉辦主題為"困境與勇氣"（AdversityandCourage）的英語演講比賽。請給你校的交換生Larry寫封郵件，邀請他參賽，內(nèi)容包括：1.發(fā)出邀請；2.比賽信息；3.表達期待。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearLarry,Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua九、第五節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）62．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenDylanwasjustsevenyearsold,hemovedtotheUnitedStateswithhismother,Khadine,andhistwin第7頁youngerbrothers.Thefamilyhopedthattheirnewhomewouldallowthemtostartoverandfindsuccess.However,theirdreamdidn'tworkoutexactlyastheyimagineditwould.Lifeasasinglemothersupportingthreekidsisincrediblydifficult,butKhadinehadaparticularlydifficulttimeafterhertwinsonshadbeendiagnosedwithseriousheartconditions.Asaresult,theboyssufferedfromdangeroussymptomsandrequired24-hourcare.AsKhadinehadtoworkthreejobstosupportherfamilyfinancially,itbecameDylan'sresponsibilitytolookafterhisyoungbrothers.TorelieveMom'sstress,Dylanalsofoundapart-timejobatarecreationcenter.WhileDylanneverconsideredhisfamilytobeaburdentohim,seeinghismotherandbrothersbecomevulnerable（脆弱的）madehimdeterminedtoplanhisfutureoutcorrectly.Hebelievededucationwastheonlywayoutoftheirstruggle,sohemadeapromisetohismotherthathewouldbethefirstoneinthefamilytogotocollege.Forthatpromise,Dylanmadeuseofeachandeveryminutetostudywhiletakingcareofhisbrothers.HesoonbecameanhonorstudentatHenryHighSchoolandtookseveraladvancedclassestokeephisgradesup.TheCollegeofNewJerseywashistopchoice.Hewasdeterminedtoputthatadmissionletterinhismother'shands.However,weeksbeforeDylan'scollegeentranceexam,bothhisfamilyandhisdeterminationweretestedagainwhenKhadinefellillandwasunabletoworkforawhile.Soon,thebillsbecameunmanageableandthelandlordevicted（驅(qū)逐）Dylan'sfamilyafterKhadinecouldn'tpaytherent.Thefamilyhadnochoicebuttoliveintheshelter.Theplacewasn'tanidealplacetostudy.Itwasoftennoisyandcrowded,andthelightswouldgooutatacertaintimeafter11p.m.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。ButDylancontinuedtofollowhisdream.Weeksafterhisapplication,anenvelopecarryinggoodnewsarrived.第8頁答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．D3．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇廣告。宣傳了學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會招聘志愿者的相關(guān)信息。【點評】考查閱讀理解。涉及細節(jié)理解題。解答細節(jié)題要根據(jù)原文中的信息與選項信息結(jié)合起來進行正確推斷，得出答案。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OurschoolislookingforpaidmemberstositontheStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering.TheBoardplaysanimportantroleininfluencingthedevelopmentanddeliveryofthevolunteeringservice.Itsaimistofindvolunteeringopportunitiesforstudentsandteachersatschool.我們學(xué)校正在尋找學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會的付費成員。委員會在影響志愿服務(wù)的發(fā)展和提供方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。其目的是為學(xué)校的學(xué)生和教師尋找志愿服務(wù)的機會。可知學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會打算為在校學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)做志愿者的機會；故答案為C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thisyear,theStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering'stopicsinclude:今年，學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)顧問委員會的主題包括:●Volunteeringopportunitiesforthedisabled.●為殘疾人提供志愿服務(wù)的機會。●PromotionoftheBoard'sservice.●推廣學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會的服務(wù)。●Howtorecognizeandrewardvolunteers.●如何認可和獎勵志愿者。●CommentontheBoard'swork.對學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會的工作發(fā)表評論。可知"對學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會的表現(xiàn)發(fā)表評論"可能是今年會議安排的議題；故答案為D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thisisauniqueandexcitingopportunityopentoallstudyingatschool,nomatterhowmuchorhowlittleyouhavevolunteered.這是一個獨特而令人興奮的機會，對所有在校學(xué)生開放，無論你做過多少志愿者。可知學(xué)生可以申請成為國王學(xué)院的學(xué)生志愿服務(wù)咨詢委員會成員；故答案為B。【答案】4．C5．C6．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者成功登山的故事。【點評】考查閱讀理解。涉及推理判斷題，細節(jié)理解題。解答推理判斷題要根據(jù)原文中的信息與選項信息結(jié)合起來進行正確推斷，得出答案；解答細節(jié)理解題要完全符合原文，不能主觀臆斷。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Asawriteronanadventuresportsmagazine,I'dalwaysfoughtshyofdoingtheadventurousstuffmyself,preferringinsteadtoobservetheexpertsfromasafedistanceandrelaytheirexperiencestoreadersintheformofwrittenlanguage.Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharityandtowriteaboutitafterwards.Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.作為一名冒險運第9頁動雜志的作者，我總是羞于自己去做冒險的事情，而寧愿站在安全的距離外觀察專家，并以書面語言的形式將他們的經(jīng)驗傳遞給讀者。因此，當我被要求參加一次登山活動，以幫助慈善機構(gòu)籌集資金，并在活動結(jié)束后寫下來時。退一步說，我不愿意。可知活動一開始，作者就透露了自己對面臨的挑戰(zhàn)缺乏熱情；故答案為C。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.TherewastheequipmentandtechniquesI'dneverevenheardof,allofwhichwouldcomeinhandyonthesnow-cappedpeakI'dbeclimbing.我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，攀爬的技術(shù)比我想象的要復(fù)雜得多。那里有我從未聽說過的設(shè)備和技術(shù)，所有這些都將在我將要攀登的雪峰上派上用場。可知作者在登山訓(xùn)練中體會到攀登比想象的要復(fù)雜得多；故答案為C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)AlltoosoonIwasonaplanetomydestination.Onthatday,whenIlookedupatthemountain,Ithoughtofabandoningit.ButthenIrememberedallthehardworkI'ddoneandhowdisappointedKeithwouldbeifIgaveupatthelastminute-nottomentionlettingdownthecharityandthesenseoffailureI'dexperiencemyself.WithadeepbreathIgatheredmyequipmentandheadedoutintothesunshinetomeettherestofthegroup.很快我就登上了飛往目的地的飛機。那天，當我抬頭看著這座山時，我想放棄它。但后來我想起了我所做的所有努力，如果我在最后一刻放棄，基思會多么失望——更不用說讓慈善機構(gòu)失望了，我自己也會經(jīng)歷失敗的感覺。我深吸了一口氣，收拾好裝備，走到陽光下，與其他隊員會合。可知作者成功登頂后，他松了一口氣，不用再做了；故答案為A。【答案】7．D8．A9．B10．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇研究報道。報道了隨著氣溫的升高，鳥類變得越來越小。【點評】考查閱讀理解。涉及推理判斷題，細節(jié)理解題，詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。解答推理判斷題要根據(jù)原文中的信息與選項信息結(jié)合起來進行正確推斷，得出答案；解答細節(jié)理解題要完全符合原文，不能主觀臆斷；解答詞義猜測題和主旨大意題時需要根據(jù)文章的上下文，結(jié)構(gòu)和選項來判斷出正確答案。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Accordingtonewstudies,manybirdsintheAmazonrainforesthavebecomesmallerastemperatureshaveincreased.根據(jù)一項新的研究，隨著氣溫的升高，亞馬孫雨林中的許多鳥類變得越來越小。可知氣候變化使許多鳥的體型變小了；故答案為D。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Forthestudy,researchersstudiedsomedataonabout70,000birdsthathaddiedwhentheycrashedintobuildingsinChicagofrom1978to2016.Theyaddeddataonbrainvolumeandlifespan（壽命）for49ofthe52speciesofmigratorybirds（候鳥）intheoriginalstudy.在這項研究中，研究人員研究了1978年至2016年在芝加哥撞上建筑物時死亡的約7萬只鳥的第10頁一些數(shù)據(jù)。他們在最初的研究中添加了52種候鳥中的49種的腦容量和壽命數(shù)據(jù)。可知科學(xué)家們通過分析鳥類的數(shù)據(jù)來進行這項研究；故答案為A。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文Thisisbecausesmallerbirdshavehigherratios（比例）ofsurfaceareatovolume,sobeingsmallcanhelpbirdsstaycool.這是因為體型較小的鳥類表面積與體積的比例更高，所以體型小可以幫助鳥類保持涼爽。可知dissipate的意思為：散失，丟失；故答案為B。10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段Theyfoundthatbirdswithverylargebrainshadreductionsinoveralbodysizethatwereaboutone-thirdofthereductionsnotedinbirdswithsmallerbrains.Theythoughtthatinbirds,thespecieswithbigbrainsaretheonesthatbuildtools,managetosurviveintoughenvironments,livelonger,investmoretimeandenergyintoraisingbabies,andendupsurvivingbetterinthewild.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦非常大的鳥類整體體型的縮小幅度約為大腦較小的鳥類的三分之一。他們認為，在鳥類中，大腦大的物種是那些制造工具的物種，能夠在惡劣的環(huán)境中生存，壽命更長，在撫養(yǎng)孩子上投入更多的時間和精力，最終在野外生存得更好。以及第六段Thefindingsdon'tsuggestthatclimatechangeishavingzeroimpactonbigger-brainedbirds,butresearchersbelievethesefindingscaninformusofclimatechangeandhelpsetconservationpriorities.研究結(jié)果并不表明氣候變化對腦部較大的鳥類沒有任何影響，但研究人員認為，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可以告訴我們氣候變化的信息，并有助于確定保護的優(yōu)先事項。可知這篇文章的最佳標題為：大腦大小對鳥類很重要；故答案為B。【答案】11．B；12．E；13．A；14．F；15．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。講述了舞蹈的意義。【點評】考查任務(wù)型閱讀，屬于七選五，解題關(guān)鍵在看懂文章，注意上下文的提示詞或重復(fù)的關(guān)鍵詞，認真閱讀選項，選出恰當?shù)拇鸢福詈笤偻ㄗx全文進行檢查。11．根據(jù)下文WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.我們從佛羅里達跳到阿拉斯加，從北跳到南，從海跳到海。我們在婚禮、生日、公司聚會上跳舞，只是為了打發(fā)時間。可知空白處需要補充主題句：舞蹈在美國很流行，很普遍；選項DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.在美國，舞蹈無處不在。符合題意；故答案為B。12．根據(jù)上文"Iadoredancing,"saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa."Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife."Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages."Teachingdanceiswonderful."我喜歡跳舞，"愛荷華州一家舞蹈工作室的老板萊斯特·布里奇斯說。"我無法想象我這輩子還能做什么。"布里奇斯為所有年齡的人開設(shè)舞蹈課。"教舞蹈真是太棒了。以及下文It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife."看他們比賽真是太棒了。對他們中的許多人來說，這是一種結(jié)識朋友、享受社交生活的方式。"可知空白處需要補充學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的特殊人群：老年人對舞蹈的熱愛；選項Myolderstudentssayit第11頁makesthemfeelyoung.我的老年學(xué)生說，這讓他們覺得自己年輕。符合題意；故答案為E。13．根據(jù)下文"Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,"saysBridges."They'relearningtodotraditionaldances."我可以告訴你一對年輕夫婦的故事，"布里奇斯說。"他們正在學(xué)習(xí)跳傳統(tǒng)舞蹈。"可知空白處需要補充主題句：大家都來參與跳舞吧；選項Sowhydowedance?那么我們?yōu)槭裁匆枘?符合題意；故答案為A。14．根據(jù)上文They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.他們正在學(xué)習(xí)跳傳統(tǒng)舞蹈。他們無精打采地來到教室，卻帶著微笑離開。可知空白處需要結(jié)論：舞蹈改變了他們；選項Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.跳舞似乎完全改變了他們的感覺。符合題意；故答案為F。15．根據(jù)上文Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.舞蹈，就像心臟跳動的模式，是生命。即使過了這么多年，我還是想變得越來越好。以及下文Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難停下來!跳舞提醒我，我還活著。"可知空白處需要補充：我一直堅持跳舞；選項IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.即使我非常累，我也堅持練習(xí)。符合題意；故答案為D。【答案】16．B；17．A；18．D；19．C；20．D；21．C；22．D；23．C；24．A；25．D；26．B；27．A；28．C；29．B；30．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了優(yōu)秀的馬拉松選手卡倫吉尼人的奔跑優(yōu)勢。【點評】考查完形填空，首先通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據(jù)上下文來判斷所缺單詞的含義，最后對選項進行區(qū)別，選出正確的那一項。做完后再通讀一遍檢查驗證。16．句意：獵豹肯定會早早領(lǐng)先。根據(jù)上文Ifacheetah（獵豹）,awolfandawell-trainedhumanallenteredamarathon,whowouldwin?如果一只獵豹，一只狼和一個訓(xùn)練有素的人一起參加馬拉松比賽，誰會贏?，大家都知道獵豹的奔跑爆發(fā)力很強，可知奔跑比賽中獵豹開會遙遙領(lǐng)先；A：end結(jié)束；B：lead領(lǐng)先地位；C：start開始；D：jump跳躍；故答案為B。17．句意：但在26英里的終點，人類將是第一個越過終點線的。根據(jù)句意"但在26英里的終點"可知這里講述的是到達終點線的時候；A：finish（賽跑、比賽的）終點；B：parallel共同點；C：boundary邊界；D：vertical垂直；故答案為A。18．句意：人類只有兩條腿，但卻有令人難以置信的跑步能力。根據(jù)上文句意"但在26英里的終點，人類將是第一個越過終點線的。"可知在馬拉松比賽中人戰(zhàn)勝了獵豹和狼，人類的奔跑能力這真令人難以置信；A：limited有限；B：reduced減少；C：intelligent聰明；D：incredible難以置信；故答案為B。19．句意：因為我們會出汗，所以我們可以在跑步時控制體溫。根據(jù)句意"因為我們會出汗"可知人類在跑步中通過散熱可以控制我們的體溫；A：balance平衡；B：performance性能；C：temperature溫度；D：guard保護；故答案為C。第12頁20．句意：跑步是早期人類生存所必需的。根據(jù)下文Ofcourse,wedon'toftenneedtorunforsurvivalthesedays.當然，現(xiàn)在我們不需要經(jīng)常為了生存而奔跑。可知早期人類的跑步能力的形成是為了生存；A：conflict沖突；B：spirit精神；C：prosperity繁榮；D：survival生存；故答案為D。21．句意：盡管如此，跑步仍然在世界各地的人類文化中扮演著重要的角色。根據(jù)我們?nèi)粘５捏w育活動項目可知跑步依然在人類文化中繼續(xù)存在；A：fails衰弱，衰退；B：ceases終止，結(jié)束；C：continues（使）延續(xù)；D：declines下降，衰退；故答案為C。22．句意：馬拉松也許是人類跑步文化中最著名的例子。根據(jù)上文句意"盡管如此，跑步仍然在世界各地的人類文化中扮演著重要的角色。"可知馬拉松也是人類的奔跑文化；A：innovation創(chuàng)新；B：history歷史；C：speed速度；D：culture文化；故答案為D。23．句意：全世界數(shù)百萬人在電視上觀看精英跑步者爭奪數(shù)百萬美元的比賽。根據(jù)馬拉松的賽制獲勝的人有獎金，可知馬拉松的精英們努力奔跑為了爭奪這個獎金；A：pay支付，付；B：account解釋，說明；C：compete爭奪；D：search搜查，搜尋；故答案為C。24．句意：當然，商家也會在比賽期間推銷運動鞋等產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)……productssuchasathleticshoesduringthecompetition比賽期間的運動鞋等產(chǎn)品，可知商家會在馬拉松期間通過贊助來推銷自己的產(chǎn)品；A：promote促銷，推廣；B：purchase購買，采購；C：award授予，頒發(fā)；D：restrict限制，控制；故答案為A。25．句意：一個人如何成為一名優(yōu)秀的馬拉松運動員?肯尼亞傳奇長跑運動員似乎找到了答案。根據(jù)下文ItenisasmallfarmingtowninKenya'swesternhighlands.Itisalsohometosevenoftheworld'stoptenmarathonwinners.伊滕是肯尼亞西部高地的一個農(nóng)業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)。世界前十大馬拉松冠軍中，有7位來自伊滕。可知肯尼亞的馬拉松運動員非常出名；A：backward落后；B：stubborn固執(zhí)；C：responsible:負責(zé)任；D：legendary非常有名的，大名鼎鼎的，傳奇的；故答案為D。26．句意：他們中的大多數(shù)是卡倫津部落的成員。根據(jù)theKalenjintribe卡倫津部落是一個組織；可知他們都是這個奔跑組織的成員；A：guests客人；B：members會員；C：coaches教練；D：referees裁判；故答案為B。27．句意：他們往往擁有適合跑步的理想身材。根據(jù)下文Theirslimbodies,longlegsandshortwaists他們身材苗條，腿長腰短；可知這樣的身材就是奔跑者的理想身材；A：ideal理想的；B：fragile脆弱的；C：rigid堅硬的；D：flexible靈活的；故答案為A。28．句意：他們纖細的身體、修長的腿和短腰將力量集中在跑步者最需要的腿部。根據(jù)……wherearunnerneedsitmost—thelegs.跑步者最需要的是腿部，可知奔跑的人需要腿部有力量才能快速長距離奔跑；A：attention注意力；B：effort努力；C：power力量；D：oxygen氧氣；故答案為C。29．句意：由于伊滕島海拔8000英尺，卡倫吉尼人的肺活量很大。根據(jù)句意"由于伊滕島海拔8000英尺"以及下文Theyneedittogetoxygenoutofthethinair.他們需要它從稀薄的空氣中獲取氧氣。可知在這樣高海第13頁拔區(qū)域生活的人們就發(fā)展出了強大的肺活量；A：release釋放；B：develop發(fā)展；C：calculate計算；D：devise設(shè)計；故答案為B。30．句意：這使卡倫吉尼人在低海拔比賽中具有重要的優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)這樣強大的肺活量讓他們在奔跑中可以獲得更多的氧氣，可知這強大的肺活量成為了他們的優(yōu)勢；A：edge優(yōu)勢；B：inspiration激勵；C：impression印象；D：obstacle障礙；故答案為A。【答案】31．better；32．off；33．isdone；34．requires；35．toapply；36．depending；37．that；38．a(chǎn)；39．successful；40．guidance【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了京劇以及京劇學(xué)習(xí)。【點評】考查語法填空，本題考點涉及時態(tài)，短語，形容詞的比較級，定語從句副詞，非謂語動詞，等多個知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。31．句意：對速度的需求在現(xiàn)代社會根深蒂固，以至于我們常常忘記按下暫停鍵，想想那些隨著時間推移而變得更好的東西:古董、陳年葡萄酒、長期關(guān)系和多年來積累的專業(yè)知識。根據(jù)句意"古董、陳年酒"等這些東西是隨著時間的推移越來越珍貴，越來越好，可知空白處需要形容詞good的比較級形式better；故答案為better。32．句意：京劇也是一個緩慢的過程。俗話說得好:臺上三分鐘，臺下十年功。根據(jù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)該句把臺上與臺下進行對比，可知空白處考查了短語offstageoff；故答案為off。33．句意：這是對其苛刻性質(zhì)的認可，也是對其高標準的提醒，以確保任何表演都按照祖先的要求進行。根據(jù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)空白處需要賓語從句的謂語，主語performance與動詞do之間是被動關(guān)系，主從句時態(tài)一致，主句謂語ensure是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，可知空白處需要動詞do的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動形式isdone；故答案為isdone。34．句意：京劇要求很高，因為它需要大量的技巧。根據(jù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)空白處需要限制性定語從句（省略了關(guān)系代詞，it；可知上下文都是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，空白處需要動詞require的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)形式requires；故答案為requires。35．句意：他們還需要化精致的妝，穿上厚重的服裝，根據(jù)角色的不同，穿著15厘米的厚底鞋登臺表演。根據(jù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該句考查了固定搭配：beexpectedtodo被期望做某事；可知空白處需要動詞apply的不定式形式toapply；故答案為toapply。36．句意：他們還需要化精致的妝，穿上厚重的服裝，根據(jù)角色的不同，穿著15厘米的厚底鞋登臺表演。根據(jù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)空白處需要非謂語表示伴隨，可知空白處需要動詞depend的現(xiàn)在分詞形式depending；故答案為depending。37．句意：有太多的東西需要學(xué)習(xí)，所以門徒們(學(xué)徒)通常在很小的時候就開始了他們的職業(yè)生涯，花了幾年的時間來調(diào)整他們的身體和思想，以適應(yīng)舞臺。根據(jù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)該句考查了so+much（代詞）+that從第14頁句（如此……以致……）可知空白處需要連詞that；故答案為that。38．句意：那么，像我這樣一個沒有耐心、沒有靈活性的戲劇初學(xué)者，有什么來抗拒京劇呢?根據(jù)beginner是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且在文章中第一次出現(xiàn)，可知空白處需要不定冠詞a；故答案為a。39．句意：我有成功演出的條件嗎?根據(jù)修飾名詞show需要形容詞；可知空白處需要名詞success的形容詞形式successful；故答案為successful。40．句意：只有一個辦法可以找到答案:我挽起袖子，在資深舞臺大師的指導(dǎo)下訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)定冠詞后面要接名詞，以及seniorstagemastersinthefield資深舞臺