詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修四Unit12

(LESSON1)1.scientificscience的形容詞形式詞塊：makescientificbreakthroughs,ascientificexperiment2.microscopemicro-(微小的)+scope(觀察儀器)同前綴詞：microblogging,microwave同根詞：telescope；詞塊：underamicroscope3.donatedon(togive)+-ate(動(dòng)詞后綴)→給予→捐贈(zèng)(基本義)同根詞：donor(捐贈(zèng)者),pardon詞塊：donate…to…；派生詞：donation4.correspondcor-(togetherwith)+respond(toanswer)→相互應(yīng)答(基本義)；詞塊：correspondwith/to詞族：correspond,corresponding,correspondent,correspondence本單元詞匯梳理5.instantin-(on,upon)+st(tostand)+-ant(形容詞后綴)→站在身邊的→立刻的同根詞：stand,distant,constant詞塊：instantmessenger,

instantcoffee/noodles,foraninstant,inaninstant,theinstant(that)…6.launch基本義“投擲”，引申義“發(fā)射；發(fā)動(dòng)”(可聯(lián)系神舟十三號(hào))詞塊：launch…into,launchacampaign/newenterprise7.orbitorb(circle,track)+it(togo行走)→繞著軌道走名詞動(dòng)詞化：沿軌道運(yùn)行詞塊：put…intoorbit,orbit(around)sth8.particlepart(部分)+-i-+-cle(表示“小的”名詞后綴)同后綴詞：muscle9.premier詞源同primary,*prime10.outspokenout-(向外)+spoken(speak的過去分詞)同前綴詞：outsource,*outskirts11.subsequentlysubsequent+-ly(副詞后綴)subsequent：sub-(closely)+sequ(tofollow)+-ent(形容詞后綴)；同根詞：consequence,consequent12.relativityrelative(相對(duì)的)+-ity(名詞后綴)13.constantcon-(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))+st(tostand)+-ant(形容詞后綴)→始終站著的→固定的、不變的(基本義)同根詞：distant,instant,assistant派生詞：constantly14.findingfind(v

發(fā)現(xiàn))+-ing(名詞后綴)15.biologistbiology(生物學(xué))+-ist(從事……的人/專家)同后綴詞：educationalist,chemist,specialist,physicist等16.penicillin音譯詞“盤尼西林”來自拉丁語penicillus“畫筆”，詞源同pencil，因青霉素菌形似畫筆而得名17.perceiveper-(thoroughly)+ceive(tograsp,take)→完全抓住→察覺、理解；同根詞：receive；詞塊：perceiveoneselfas18.million詞塊：millionsof；表示數(shù)量的詞：hundred,thousand,billion19.humble意為“謙卑的；虛心的”時(shí)反義詞：proud詞塊：behumbleabout；派生詞：humbly20.outcome來自短語動(dòng)詞comeout(結(jié)果是)類似構(gòu)詞：income,input,intake,outbreak,output21navynav(ship船)+-y(名詞后綴)→船上的軍隊(duì)→海軍詞塊：jointhenavy22.accuracyaccurate(準(zhǔn)確的)+-cy(名詞后綴)詞族：accurate,accurately,accuracy,inaccurate,inaccurately,inaccuracy23.missilemiss(tosend)+-ile(名詞后綴)同根詞：dismiss,mission24.physicistphysics+-ist(從事……的人/專家)同后綴詞：educationalist,chemist,specialist,biologist25.joint來自join詞塊：ankle/kneejoints,afastfoodjoint,inajointeffort26.tube熟詞生義：地鐵(英式英語)詞塊：atesttube,gobytube/takethetube地鐵的不同叫法：在英國用tube或underground，在美國用subway，在世界其他地區(qū)用metro

27.circuitcircu(round)+it(togo行走)28.efficientlyefficient(有效率的)+-ly(副詞后綴)詞族：efficient,efficiency,efficiently,inefficient29.proposepro-(forth向前)+pose(toput,place)→向前擺放出→提出(基本義)同前綴詞：progress,promote,prospect,protest,proceed

同根詞：pose,oppose,compose,expose詞塊：proposedoing/todosth,propose+that…(should)dosth,proposetosb；派生詞：proposal重難點(diǎn)詞精講correspond一詞多義英語釋義donate&donation辨析義instant&constant詞根launch一詞多義英語釋義propose一詞多義英語釋義donate&donationdonate√contribute√donate√contribute√donate√contribute×donatevt&vi

捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送：Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingsto

theschooldamagedbytheearthquake.2010江蘇

獻(xiàn)（血）；捐獻(xiàn)（器官）：課文Medicaladvancesrangedfromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopestostagingoperationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonatedones.donationn[C]&[U]捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)物；捐款：agenerous/large/smalldonation構(gòu)詞：don(togive)+-ate(動(dòng)詞后綴)→給予→捐贈(zèng)

(基本義)donate&donation【詞匯拓展】構(gòu)詞：donate+-ion(名詞后綴)二者均可表示“捐獻(xiàn)”，其后均可接to。表示捐錢或衣物時(shí)，二者可互換使用。

Itismoremeaningfultodonate/contribute

booksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.2013江蘇改donate還可以表示“獻(xiàn)血”。

Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood.2012北京contribute側(cè)重指“貢獻(xiàn)”，通常指貢獻(xiàn)財(cái)力、物力、智力等。此外，contribute還可表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思。

Ibelievethateachofuscancontributetothefutureoftheworld.

Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.

Thescientistoftencontributestoanacademicjournal.辨donate,contribute辨donation,contribution二者均可指人們?yōu)橹С帜硤F(tuán)體、某機(jī)構(gòu)而提供的物品，如為某學(xué)校、劇團(tuán)等所捐贈(zèng)的錢、物、設(shè)備等。

makeacontributon/donationtocharitydonation除了指為某團(tuán)體、某機(jī)構(gòu)而提供的物品外，還特指向窮苦人民、受災(zāi)群眾捐贈(zèng)的衣服、糧食或物品等。

Thisisadonationofmoneytothedisasterarea.correspondvi

相符合；相一致tobethesameasormatch

(agree)：Youraccountoftheeventsdoesnotcorrespondwith/tohers.

相當(dāng)；相類似tobesimilarto：TheAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.

［正式用語］通信：課文Communicationschangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephones,andthewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstantmessages.詞匯拓展

correspondentn[C]記者；通訊員

correspondencen[C]&[U]一致；相似；通信；信件構(gòu)詞：cor-(togetherwith)+respond(toanswer)→相互應(yīng)答(基本義)同族詞：correspond,corresponding,correspondent,correspondence“相互應(yīng)答”內(nèi)容“相互應(yīng)答”特征“相互應(yīng)答”信件相符合；相一致相當(dāng)；相類似通信correspond語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖相互應(yīng)答correspond

基本義instant:

in-

(on,upon)+st

(tostand)+-ant(形容詞后綴)→

站在身邊的→立刻的constant:con-(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))+st(tostand)+-ant(形容詞后綴)→

始終站著的→固定的、不變的詞根st(tostand)

adj［常用于名詞前］立刻的；馬上的(immediate)；即食的：aninstantreplyinstantcoffee/noodlesinstantmessenger即時(shí)通訊

n[C]［常用單數(shù)］瞬間；片刻(moment)：Icouldn’tanswerforaninstant.Inaninstant,hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewater.2010陜西theinstant(that)一……就：Theinstant(=Assoonas)shestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.instant

constant

adj

固定的；不變的：課文Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant.driveataconstantspeed

［常用于名詞前］不停的；連續(xù)不斷的；持續(xù)的：Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.Sheneededconstantmedicalattention.

n[C]常量；恒量【溫故】選必一Unit1constantlyadv

經(jīng)常地；不斷地launch2021年10月16日0時(shí)23分，我國在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心，用長征二號(hào)F遙十三運(yùn)載火箭成功發(fā)射神舟十三號(hào)載人飛船(ChinalaunchedtheShenzhou-13mannedspaceshipattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter,aboardtheheavy-liftcarrierrocketLongMarch-2F)。神舟十三號(hào)載人飛船將實(shí)現(xiàn)多個(gè)首次，即首次與三艙組合體自主快速徑向交會(huì)對(duì)接，首次長期在軌停靠6個(gè)月，首次具備天地結(jié)合多重保證的應(yīng)急救援能力。據(jù)詞源考證，launch

來自

lance“長矛”，原指“擲出長矛”，基本義為“投擲”，引申義為“發(fā)射、發(fā)動(dòng)”。launch

vt

使（船）下水；發(fā)射：課文Westartedflyingaroundtheworld,launchingsatellitesintoorbit.launchalifeboatTheShenzhou-12mannedspaceshipwaslaunchedintospaceonJune17,2021.

發(fā)動(dòng)；創(chuàng)辦tostartsthbigorimportant：launchacampaign/newenterpriseLiNingdecidedtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear,competingwithglobalgiantslikeNikeandAdidas.

把……投放市場(chǎng)tomakeanewproductavailableforsaleforthefirsttime：Theyheldaspecialpartytolaunchthenewbook.

n[C][常用單數(shù)]發(fā)射；（新產(chǎn)品的）投放市場(chǎng)；（新書的）發(fā)行：thelaunchofthefirstartificialsatelliteanewproductlaunchthelaunchofanewmagazine

launch語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“投擲”船、火箭或衛(wèi)星等使（船）下水；發(fā)射把……投放市場(chǎng)發(fā)射v把產(chǎn)品“投擲”到市場(chǎng)“投擲”活動(dòng)等發(fā)動(dòng)；創(chuàng)辦n發(fā)起投擲launch（基本義）（新產(chǎn)品的）投放市場(chǎng)；（新書的）發(fā)行proposeHe

(建議)changingthenameofthecompanyatthelastmeeting.suggested

/proposed

正式用語：用于較正式的場(chǎng)合或文體

vt

[正式用語]提出；提議；建議toformallysuggeststhasapossibleplanoraction：課文DuringtheColdWar,a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposedbytwoAmericanscientists.proposedoingsth：Thereportproposesextendingmotorways.propose+that…(should)dosth：AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafund(should)beestablishedtoraisemoney.

vt

[正式用語]打算；計(jì)劃tointendtodosth：Heproposedbuying/tobuyanewcar.

vi&vt求婚：I’veproposedtoher.構(gòu)詞：pro-(forth向前)+pose(toput,place)→向前擺放出→提出

(基本義)proposevproposaln[C]&[U]建議；提議aformalsuggestionorplan

：putforwardaproposalHemadeaproposal(=proposed)thatthemeeting(should)bepostponed.構(gòu)詞：propose+-al(名詞后綴)【溫顧】必修三Unit8propose語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“提出”建議、計(jì)劃等提出；提議；建議求婚建議；提議“提出”結(jié)婚“提出”打算做某事打算；計(jì)劃proposaln提出propose（基本義）本單元金句匯總1.Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquake.2.Theinstantshestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.3.Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.4.Heproposedbuying/tobuyanewcar.隨堂檢測(cè)一、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。1.All________________________（捐款）willbegratefullyreceived.2.Manypeoplehave____________thattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneedsmore.（2012北京）3.Theladyhas____________________aconsiderableamountofsavingstohelpcollegestudentsstrugglingwithfinancialdifficulties.（2014廣東）二、將下列句子翻譯成英語。1.有些公司發(fā)現(xiàn)僅僅向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢是不夠的。(donate)____________________________________________________________2.他給那所學(xué)校捐了一萬美元。(donation)_______________________________________________________________donate&donationHemadeadonationof10,000dollarsto/toward(s)theschool.Somecompaniesfinditnotenoughtosimplydonatemoneytocharities.contributions/donationsdonateddonated/contributeddonate,donation,contribute,contribution一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thetextandthepicturesdon’tseemtocorrespond._____________2.TheBritishjobofLecturercorrespondsroughlyto

theUSAssociateProfessor. _____________3.I’vebeencorrespondingwithseveralexpertsinthefield._____________二、在空白處填上1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1.Thewitness’sstatementscorrespond_________theevidence.2.Theeditorwelcomes________________(correspond)fromreadersonanysubject.相符合/相一致correspond大致相當(dāng)于通信with/tocorrespondence一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Anewgovernmentcannotbringabout

instant

change._________2.Paulprefersinstantcoffee

totea._________二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.______________（立即）hermoodhadchanged.(instant)2.Just______________（剎那間）Ithoughthewasgoingtorefuse.(instant)三、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將下列句子譯成英語。她一停止問問題，我就起身走出了房間。(theinstantthat)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theinstantthatshestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.立刻的/立即的速溶咖啡instantInaninstantforaninstant一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Itisimportanttostorewineata

constanttemperature._________2.Youuselesspetrolifyoudriveataconstantspeed._________3.TheForbiddenCityattractsaconstantstreamofvisitorseveryda