PAGE2/2【名師原創】：Unit9易混易錯點辨析●現在完成進行時;現在完成時【教材原句】Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhenthytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.(教材P52)EpidemicshavebeenhappeningforaslongastherehavebeenpeoplelivingonEarth.(教材P58)Sincebirdflufirstappearedin1997,ithastakenmorethanahundredlives.(教材P58-59)SincetheendofthetheSARSepidemic,scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.(教材P59)Despite,orperhapsbecauseof,theepidemicstheworldhasfacedinrecentyears,governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefactthattheywantthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible.(教材P59)【辨析】兩者都有“現在完成”，但意思稍有不同。現在完成進行時表示動作從過去開始一直持續到現在，而且仍然在繼續。現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，到說話時已經完成，且強調對現在造成的影響。溫馨提示：=1\*GB3①當動詞是延續性動詞時，兩者可換用。=2\*GB3②當強調未完成或動作要持續下去時，一般只用現在完成進行時【例句呈現】Recentlyhehasinterviewedthefamoustabletennisplayer.最近，他采訪了那個著名的乒乓球運動員。Hehasbeeninterviewingthefamoustabletennisplayer.他一直在采訪那位乒乓球運動員。Theseboyshavefinishedtheirhomework,sotheycangoouttoplay.這些孩子已經完成了作業，因此他們可以出去玩了。Youlookverytired.Whathaveyoubeendoing?你看起來很累的樣子，一直在做什么？Studentprankstershavedoneconsiderabledamagetotheschoolbuildings.惡作劇的學生對學校的建筑造成相當大的損壞。Thismanhasdonenothingwrong.這位男子沒有做過不正當的事。ShehasdonemoretodividetheConservativesthananyoneelse她在分裂保守黨這件事上所起的作用比任何人都大。Biologicalsystemshavebeendoingthisforbillionsofyears生物系統億萬年來一直都是這樣。Somescientistshavebeendoingresearchonartificialinternalorgans.一些科學家一直在研究人造內臟。Wewillcontinuetodowhatwehavebeendoing.Nothingchanges."我們會繼續做我們一直在做的。沒有什么會發生變化。”Whatshehasdone/hasbeendoingisperfectlylegal.她的所作所為是完全合法的。Ihavedone/havebeendoingwoodworkformanyyears.我做木工好多年了。【考點過關】用現在完成時或現在完成進行時填空1.Sofardoyouknowwhatthosenaughtyboys_______(do)?2.I__________(work)heresinceImovedherein1999.3.Thisresearch______(do)muchtoadvanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning.4.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.5.She_______(do)herbesttokeepcalmbutfindsherselftremblingwithtension.6.Thosewho_______(do)evilshouldimmediatelystop,repentandstartanewandmakeamendsfortheircrimesbygooddeeds.7.SofarI_________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.8.SomeAmericanscientists________(do)wellindevelopingmarketsformanyyears.9.Theoldman________(repair)carsforthirtyyears.10.He_______(do)thissortofworkforyearsandwillcontinue.11.AnddrivingonMarsisexactlywhatplanetaryscientistSteveSquare_______(do)since2004anditwillneverstop.12.Jack________(practice)TaiChiformorethanayear.【參考答案】1.havedone;2.haveworked/havebeenworking;3.hasdone/hasbeendoing;4.haslived/hasbeenliving;5.hasdone;6.havebeendoing;7.havemade;8.havebeendoing/havedone;9.hasbeenrepairing/hasrepaired;10.hasbeendoing;11.hasbeendoing;12.hasbeenpracticing/haspracticed●anumberof….;thenumberof…【教材原句】Therehadbeenanumberoffailuresbeforetheyeventuallyfoundawaytosuccessfullycloneamonkey.(教材P52)Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenesinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds.(教材P53)Thenumberofdeathsisdifferentforeverydisease.(教材P58)11,310deathswereofficiallyrecorded,buttheactualnumberofdeathsisprobablymuchhigher.(教材P59)【辨析】兩者組成結構很相似，但意思和用法有區別。anumberof….表示“許多”，相當于many,alotof,lotsof修飾復數可數名詞。anumberof+可數名詞復數做主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。number前常用good,great,large,small等修飾，以表示數量程度。

thenumberof…..表示“……的數量/數目”，后接復數可數名詞。thenumberof+可數名詞復數做主語時，謂語用單數形式。【例句呈現】A

great

number

of

them

don't

know

what

happened

in

this

country

in

history.

他們中很多人不知道這個國家歷史上曾發生過什么。A

good

number

of

Egyptians

are

proficient

in

foreign

languages.

很多埃及人都精通外語。Agreatnumberoffamilieslivedinthisvillage.

這個屯落里有許多人家。HehasagoodnumberofEnglishidiomsatcommand.

他掌握了大量的英語成語。Therehavebeenalargenumberofaccidentslately.

最近事故極多。Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedfrom210to160thisyear.今年新生人數從210減少到160。Thenumberofemployeeswasreducedfrom40to25.雇員人數從40人減少到了25人。Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.失業人數急劇增長。Thenumberofhomelesspeoplehasincreaseddramatically.無家可歸者的人數急劇增加了。Thenumberofhomelesspeopleisatellingcommentonthestateofsociety.無家可歸者的數量是社會狀況的生動寫照。【考點過關】根據thenumberof….和anumberof….用法填空1.Alargenumberofstudents________(be)attendingthelectureinclassroom.2.Thenumberofpeoplewhofaileachyear_______(be)nowinsinglefigures.3.Agoodnumberofmeasures_______(take)tosolvetheproblemlastyear.4.Thenumberofreportedcrimes_______(increase)atanalarmingratenowadays.5.Ithinkagreatnumberoffactors________(decide)whetheramoviewillbesuccessfulornot.6.Thenumberofpeopleemployedinagriculture________(fall)inthelastdecade.7.Alargenumberofparents_______(voice)concernabouttheirchildren'ssafety.8.Thenumberofpeopleinthehallnow_______(be)625．

9.Thenumberofplacesavailable_______(be)necessarilylimitedlastmonth.10.There_________anumberofdifferentpointsofviewonthisissue.【參考答案】1.are;2.is;3.weretaken;4.isincreasing;5.decide;6.hasfallen;7.havevoiced;8.is;9.was;10.are/were●eventually;atlast;intheend;finally;lastly【教材原句】Therehadbeenanumberoffailuresbeforetheyeventuallyfoundawaytosuccessfullycloneamonkey.(教材P52)【辨析】五者都有“最后”之意。eventually,finally表示某事在很長一段時間之后發生。finally,intheend表示某事的結果。atlast表示某事在等待或努力了很久之后終于發生，而且會為此感到很高興。lastly,finally用于引出你想說的最后一點、一系列動作中的最后一個，或清單中的最后一項。【例句呈現】Youwillsucceedeventually/finally.你終會成功的。Eventually/Finally,herownpublishingfirmwassetup.最后，她自己的出版公司成立了。Whensheeventually/finallyturnedup,thefoodwascold.等她終于到來的時候，飯萊已經涼了。Finally/Intheendwedecidedtocancelthetrip.最后我們決定取消這次旅行。Finally/Intheendtheteachersweredeterminedtocanceltheexam.最后，老師們決定取消這次考試。It’sgoodtobehomeatlast.真好,終于回家了。Theyweresuccessfultenyearslateratlast.十年后他們終于成功了。Lastly/Finally,Iwouldliketoremindyouthatsmokingisnotallowedhere.最后，我想提醒大家注意的是，這里不準抽煙。Loadthepaper,selectthenumberofcopies,andlastly/finallypress“Print"。裝好紙，選擇打印份數，最后按“打印”。【考點過關】用atlast,eventually,intheend,finally或lastly填空1._____,I'dliketoaskyouaboutyourplans.2.Theywashtheirhands,armsandfaces,and______,theywashtheirfeet.3.Youcantryyourbesttoimpresstheinterviewers,but______it'softenjustaquestionofluck.4.Hetriedvariousjobsand_______becameanaccountant.5.Theperformance________startedhalfanhourlate.6.I______managedtogetherattention.7._______,thearmycaughtupwithhiminLatvia.8.Ourflight_______leftfivehourslate.9.Theseworkersfinishedthegreatproject________.10.Shefirstwenttoariver,thenclimbedahilland______visitedavillage.【參考答案】1.Lastly/Finally;2.lastly/finally;3.intheend;4.intheend;5.finally;6.finally;7.Eventually;8.eventually;9.atlast;10.lastly/finally●amount;quantity【教材原句】Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenesinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds.(教材P53)【辨析】兩者都可以表示數量，但用法有區別。amount意思是“數量；數額；總數”，做動詞是“達到，相當，等同”的意思，常構成以下短語：=1\*GB3①ahuge/largeamountof…./largeamountsof….大量，許多，后面一般接不可數名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞根據amount來確定，如果amount是單數，謂語動詞就用單數；如果amount是復數，謂語動詞就用復數。=2\*GB3②amountto….達到；合計為；相當于，等于quantity意思是“數量；大量”，常構成以下短語：=1\*GB3①alargequantityof…./largequantitiesof……大量，后面既可以跟可數名詞，也可以跟不可數名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞根據quantity的單復數來確定，如果quantity是單數，謂語動詞就用單數；如果quantity是復數，謂語動詞就用復數。=2\*GB3②inquantity=inlargequantities大量地【例句呈現】Thepolicefoundaquantityofdrugsathishome.警察在他家發現了大量毒品。Itisusuallyeconomicaltobuywashingpowderinlargequantities.大量購買洗衣粉通常要省錢些。Alargequantityofdrugswasseizedduringtheraid.在這次突擊行動中起獲了大量毒品。Aswoopbycustomsofficersnettedalargequantityofdrugs.海關人員突然襲擊，緝獲大量毒品。TheCustomshaveseizedlargequantitiesofsmuggledheroin.海關查獲了大量走私的海洛因。It'sjustverytimeconsumingtogetsuchalargequantityofdata.獲取如此大量的數據非常費時。Moderncomputerscanorganizelargeamountsofdataveryquickly.現代計算機能迅速處理大量的信息資料。Thereisstillanimmenseamountofworktobedone.還有非常非常多的工作沒有做。Somewherealongthelinealargeamountofmoneywentmissing.有一筆巨款在某一環節上不翼而飛。Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教師和每個孩子溝通的時間有限。Thetankhadleakedasmallamountofwater.水箱滲漏出少量的水。Thetotalcollectionlastweekamountedto￡250.上周的募捐總額達250英鎊。【考點過關】根據quantity和amount的用法填空。1.Alargequantityofairconditions________(sell)sincethesummercame.2.It'sapitythatlargequantitiesofwood______(waste)thatwayallovertheworld.3.There_______(be)alargequantityofraininthisarea.4.Whenyouaretravelling,don’tdisplaylarge_______ofcashtoothers.5.Alargequantityofcrops_________(destroy)bythehurricanelastweek.6.Largequantitiesofmilk_______(send)tothechildreninpoorareathedaybeforeyesterday.7.Largeamountsofmoney_______(spent)onbuildingthebridgelastyear.8.Theybuycotton_______quantity.9.There_______(be)onlyasmallamountoffood.10.Thevillagersplanteddifferentkindsoftrees_______largequantitiesonthehilllastyear.11.Myincomeforthatweekamounted________&112.12.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdesert_______(cover)thelandsofar.13.Keepingwhatbelongstoanother______(amount)tostealing.14.Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______(wash)awayeachyear.15.Hugequantitiesofoil________(ship)toJapanlastyear.【參考答案】1.havebeensold2.havebeenwasted;3.is;4.amounts/quantities;5.wasdestroyed;6.weresent;7.werespent;8.in;9.is;10.in;11.to;12.hascovered;13.amounts;14.arebeingwashed;15.wereshipped●especially/particularly;specially【教材原句】Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhohavegoneintodetailstudyingtissuesamplesfromthebodiesofpeoplewhodiedofthe1918SpanishFluhaveprovedthatbirdfluisamodernadaptationofthatvirus.(教材P59)【辨析】兩者詞形相似，但意義和用法不同。especially/particularly副詞，意思是“尤其；特別；格外地”，往往用來對前面所述情況進行說明或補充，不強調目的性，只強調超乎尋常，通常用來修飾名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或者是句子。specially副詞，意思是“專門地；特意地；特別地”，強調目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是為了…而不為別的”。一般修飾動詞或介詞短語。溫馨提示：especially和specially一般不換用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。【例句呈現】Weareparticularly/especiallyencouragedbythestrongrepresentation,thisyear,ofwomenininformationtechnologydisciplines今年，女性在信息技術領域的突出表現尤其讓我們備受鼓舞。Shewasparticularly/especiallyfondofalittlegirlnamedBetsy.她尤其偏愛一個名叫貝齊的小女孩。Millionsofwildflowerscolorthevalleys,particularly/especiallyinAprilandMay尤其是在四五月份，不計其數的野花盛開，山谷里一片絢爛色彩。Underalltheinnocentfun,therearehiddendangers,particularly/especiallyforchildren在所有簡單無害的娛樂項目背后都隱藏著危險，特別是對兒童而言。Re-applysunscreeneverytwohours,particularly/especiallyifyouhavebeenswimming.每兩個小時重新涂一次防曬油，尤其是在游泳的時候。Thecommitteeisconcernedaboutplayers'behavior,particularly/especiallyarguingwithreferees委員會很關注運動員的行為，特別是與裁判爭吵的行為。Manywomen,particularly/especiallyastheygetolder,developlumpyveinsintheirlegs.許多婦女，尤其是年紀大了以后，腿上會現出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。Trafficisbad,particularly/especiallyinthecitycentre.交通狀況很差，尤其是在市中心。Voluntaryworkwasparticularly/especiallyimportantinviewofthefactthatwomenwereoftenforcedtogiveuppaidworkonmarriage.鑒于婦女一結婚就常常被迫放棄有報酬工作的事實，義務工作尤其重要。Wedidn'tfindtheexamplesheusedparticularly/especiallyilluminating.我們覺得他采用的那些例證啟發性不是特別大。Ienjoyedtheplay,particularly/especiallythesecondhalf.我很欣賞那場比賽，特別是下半場。Itisparticularly/especiallyinterestingtocomparethetwoversions.把兩個版本加以比較特別耐人尋味。Thiseffectisparticularly/especiallynoticeableinyoungerpatients.這種作用在年輕一些的病人身上尤為明顯。Theringwasspeciallymadeforher.這枚戒指是為她訂做的。Mostofthesetoolshavebeenspeciallyadaptedforusebydisabledpeople.這些工具多數已經過特別改裝，供殘疾人使用。Theplaywaswrittenspeciallyforradio.這出戲是專為無線電廣播而寫的。Thecompostisspeciallyformulatedforpotplants.此混合肥料專門用于盆栽植物。Theythoughthehadescapedthroughaspeciallyconstructedtunnel.他們認為他是通過一條專門修建的地道逃跑的。Patrickneedstousespeciallyadaptedcomputerequipment帕特里克需要使用專門改裝過的計算機設備。Wecamespeciallytolearnfromyou.我們是特地來向您學習的。【考點過關】用especially,specially填空1.Imadethis_______foryourbirthday.2.Theirmainexportsaretextiles,_______silkandcotton.3.ShecametoLondon________toseeBuckinghamPalace.4.Wearenot_______interestedinwatchingmovies.5.Youcanborrowmylaptopforyouexam,andyoudon’tneedtobuyone______.6.Shewas_______fondofcollectingstamps.7.Thesmart-phoneis________designedforsoftwareprofessionals.8.It’s__________hottoday.9.Patrickneedstouse_______adaptedcomputerequipment.10.Millionsofwildflowerscolorthevalleys,________inAprilandMay.

11.Hecamehere_________tosaysorrytoher.12.Helikesallsubjects,_________English.13.Hereturnedtoherhometown_________toseehersickmother14.Thesebookswillbe__________helpfultothosewhowishtoimprovetheirEnglish.15.Icamehere__________toaskforyouradvice.16.TheGreatWallhadbeenaddedto,__________duringtheMingDynasty.17.Theseprejudicesare_________prevalentamongpeoplelivingintheNorth.18.Hedoesn't_______liketheworkbutheseesitasameanstoanend.19.Itis_________worryingthatnobodyseemstobeincharge.20.Theseplantsare________usefulforbrighteningupshadyareas.21.SpendingtheholidaysinBritainwasn'taprospectthatIfound______appealing.【參考答案】1.specially;2.especially;3.specially;4.especially;5.specially;6.especially;7.specially;8.especially;9.specially;10.especially;11.specially;12.especially;13.specially;14.especially;15.specially;16.Especially;17.particularly/especially;18.particularly/especially;19.particularly/especially;20.particularly/especially;21.particularly/especially●dieof;diefrom【教材原句】Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhohavegoneintodetailstudyingtissuesamplesfromthebodiesofpeoplewhodiedofthe1918SpanishFluhaveprovedthatbirdfluisamodernadaptationofthatvirus.(教材P59)Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthroughthewarnowhadtoburytheirlovedoneswhohaddiedofthedisease.(教材P59)morepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewar.(教材P59)【辨析】兩者都是“死于….,因….而死”的意思，當賓語是具體的病名或illness/sickness/disease時，可以換用，但在其它意義上有一定的區別。diefrom強調因受傷、勞累、身體虛弱、不良生活習慣、自然災害和意外事故等造成的死亡,外因居多。dieof強調因疾病、饑渴，寒冷，年老和各種情感因素造成的死亡，內因居多。【例句呈現】400peopleayeardieof/fromthisdiseaseonaverage.平均每年有400人死于這種疾病。Millionscoulddieofhungerasanindirectresultofthewar作為戰爭的間接后果，數百萬人可能會死于饑餓。Onlyonein10peoplewhoareover80willdieof/fromcancer.現在80歲年齡層中只有10%的人死于癌癥。Hesaidsixmillionchildrendieofhungereveryyear.他說，每年大約600萬兒童死于饑餓。InBritaintoday,oneinthreemenwilldieof/fromheartdisease.在如今的英國三分之一的人死于心臟?Fine,dieofthirstthat'llreallyshowme.好，渴死的時候再來向我要.Theyalsoweretwenty-threepercentmorelikelytodieof/fromcancer.她們患癌癥的死亡率也要高23%。Manypeopledieofstarvationduringfamineseveryyear.每年發生饑荒時都有許多人餓死。Peopledonotdieofcolds.哪有傷風感冒就會送命的。FredaBrightsays,"Onlyinoperadopeopledieoflove."弗雷德·布萊特說過，“只有在歌劇中，人們才會為愛而死。”It'sreportedthatthousandsofpeoplediefromillegaldrivingeachyear.據報道,每年有數千人死于非法駕駛。Ithinkwe'ddiefromhypothermiaorexposuretotheelementsfirst.我認為我們會首先死于體溫過低或曝曬。HesaysthereisarealdangerthatmorepeoplecoulddiefromtheeconomicimpactofCOVID-19thanfromthevirusitself.他表示，會有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的經濟危機，甚于疫情本身，這是一種現實危險。TheCDCestimatesthataboutoneinfivepeoplewhodiefromdrowningareunderage14.美國國家疾病防疫中心聲稱，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14歲以下的兒童。Onethirdoftheworld'scigarettesaresmokedinChina,whereoveronemillionpeoplediefromsmokingeveryyear.中國占據全球香煙的三分之一，每年因吸煙死亡的人數超過了100萬人。【考點過關】用diefrom,dieof的適當形式填空1.Theoldman_______lungcancerlastyear.2.Thecoupleandtheirson_______AIDSyesterday.3.Theproblemisthat10,000people_______diseaseseveryweekcausedbysmoking.4.Aroundfiftypeople_______hungereverydayinthebigcity.5.Herfatherandherbrotherswould_______shame6.SomechildreninthecountrysideinIndia_______coldandstarvation.7.Everyyeartherearesomeyoungpeople_______disappointedloveinthecountry.8.Thewoman_______laughterandexcitementseveralmonths.9.Alice_______sorrowandboredomlastweek.10.Tom’sgrandfather________smokinglastnight.11.Thebravesoldier_______achestwound.12.Manypeople________drinkingtoomuchwineeveryyear.13.Thepeasant_______diedfromoverworkinthefactorythedaybeforeyesterday.14.Thoseoldmeninthevillage_______diedfromweakness.15.Nowadaysmoreandmoreyoungpeople______diefromheartillness.16.Theboy______diedfromacaraccidentthreedaysago.【參考答案】1.diedof/from;2.diedof/from;3.dieof/from;4.dieof;5.dieof;6.dieof;7.dyingof;8.diedof;9.diedof;1