1/5【視聽空間】Thelanguageisconstantlychanging配套文本和練習(xí)配套文本Martin:Whatareyouworkingon,Dave?馬丁:你干什么呢，大衛(wèi)？David:I’mtryingtofinishmyhistoryessay.TheoneonMarcoPolo.Howaboutyou?大衛(wèi):我在努力完成我的歷史論文呢，關(guān)于馬可波羅的。你干什么呢？Martin:I’mwritingmybookreportonShakespeare’splay,"Hamlet".馬丁:我在寫關(guān)于莎士比亞戲劇《哈姆雷特》的讀書報(bào)告。David:How’sitgoing?大衛(wèi):進(jìn)展如何？Martin:OK,Iguess.It’sjustIfindsomeofthelanguagekindofdifficult.馬丁:我想還可以。只是我發(fā)現(xiàn)一些語言比較難。David:Welltheplaywaswrittenmorethan400yearsagosoEnglishhaschangedalotinthattime.大衛(wèi):這個(gè)劇本是在400多年前寫的，這期間英語有了很大的變化。Martin:Iknow.Ilikeitinawaybecauseit’sverystrong,verypowerful.Andthestoryisreallyinteresting.Butmanyofthewordsaren’tusedanymoresoIhavetolookuptheirmeaning.It’slikeaforeignlanguageinmanyways.馬丁:我知道。在某種程度上，我很喜歡它，因?yàn)樗浅Ｓ姓鸷沉Γ夜适潞苡幸馑肌５呛芏嘣~今天不再使用，所以我不得不查它們的意思。很多時(shí)候就像外語一樣。David:Butisn’tShakespeareconsideredtobethefatherofmodernEnglish?大衛(wèi):但莎士比亞不是被認(rèn)為是“現(xiàn)代英語之父”嗎？Martin:Idon’tknowwhetherheisthefatherofit,butthelanguageheusesispartofmodernEnglish.Andwhenhewrotehewaswritingforthecommonpeoplesoheusedlanguagethattheycouldeasilyunderstand.馬丁:我不知道他是不是，但是他使用的語言是現(xiàn)代英語的一部分。當(dāng)他寫作時(shí)，他為普通大眾而寫，所以他使用大眾很容易理解的語言。David:Butevenwiththatitisdifficultforustounderstanditinthetwentyfirstcentury,isn’tit?大衛(wèi):但即使是那樣，我們在21世紀(jì)也很難理解他的語言，不是嗎？Martin:Itis.Therearejustsomanywordswedon’tuseanymore.It’stoobadinawaybecausesomeofthemsoundgreat.Howabout"zounds"?馬丁:是的。有太多我們今天已不再使用的詞匯。在某種程度上這很糟糕，因?yàn)橛行┰~匯聽起來很棒。"Zounds"這詞怎么樣？David:Whatdoesitmean?大衛(wèi):是什么意思？Martin:It’slikewhenwesay"Wow"orourparentssay"Goodheavens".ButIlovethesoundofit.Zounds.馬丁:就像我們說“哇”或者我們父母說“天哪”。但是我愛這個(gè)詞的發(fā)音。Zounds。David:Youshouldtryusingitinclass.Seehoweveryonereacts.大衛(wèi):你你應(yīng)該試著在課堂上使用它。看看每個(gè)人的反應(yīng)。Martin:They’dprobablyjustlaugh.HowaboutwhenHamletcallshimself"adullandmuddy-meddledrascal"?馬丁:他們很可能只會(huì)大笑。哈姆雷特把自己稱為“無趣、下流、好管閑事的無賴”，怎么樣？David:What’sthat?大衛(wèi):那是什么？Martin:Someonewhoisnotverysmartandmakestrouble.馬丁:不太聰明和惹麻煩的人。David:Iseewhatyoumeanaboutitsoundinglikeaforeignlanguage.It’shardtobelievethatEnglishsoundedlikethatfourhundredyearsago.大衛(wèi):我知道你說的聽起來像外語是什么意思了。很難相信英語在400年前聽起來是那樣的。Martin:Evensomethingassimpleas"youdo",theysaidas"thoudost".馬丁:即使簡單的像"youdo"，他們說成"thoudost"。David:Iwonderwhenthelanguagechanged?大衛(wèi):我想知道語言是何時(shí)改變的？Martin:Everyday.馬丁:每天在變。David:Everyday?大衛(wèi):每天？Martin:Sure.Everydaytherearenewwordsthatpeopleinvent.Andeverydaytherearechangesinthemeaningofcertainwords.Thelanguageisconstantlychanging.馬丁:肯定。每天都有人們發(fā)明的新詞匯，每天都有一些詞義的變化，所以語言是在不斷變化的。David:Isupposeso.IknowthatsometimesIwillbelisteningtoaCDathomeandmydadwillsay"Whataretheysinging?Idon’tunderstandit."ButformeIunderstandthewordsperfectly.大衛(wèi):我想也是。有時(shí)我在家聽CD，我爸爸會(huì)說：“他們在唱些什么？我不明白。”但我卻能很好地理解歌詞。Martin:Exactly.馬丁:確實(shí)如此。David:TheInternethascreatedmanynewwordsthatdidn’texisttenyearsago.Theycatchonandbecomepartofoureverydayspeech.大衛(wèi):互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)造了很多十年前不存在的詞匯。這些詞匯流行起來，成為我們?nèi)粘ＵZ言的一部分。Martin:Thesamethinghappenedwhencomputerswereinvented.TheyhelpedbringahugenumberofnewwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.Atfirsttheywerejustslangwordsbutnowyoucanfindthemingooddictionaries.馬丁:電腦被發(fā)明時(shí)也是一樣。電腦把大量的新詞匯引入英語。起先它們只是俚語，但是現(xiàn)在你能在好的字典當(dāng)中找到這些詞匯。David:Yousayyouhavesomedifficultyunderstandingthelanguageintheplay"Hamlet".WilliamShakespearewrotethatin1600.大衛(wèi):你說你理解《哈姆雷特》這部劇本的語言有些困難，威廉·莎士比亞可是在1600年寫的那部劇本。Martin:Yes,attimesit’slikereadingadifferentlanguage.馬丁:是的，有時(shí)像讀一種不同的語言。David:Well,justimaginethis.ImagineifShakespearevisitedustoday.IwonderwhathewouldthinkoftheEnglishlanguagenow?大衛(wèi):哦，想象一下。想象莎士比亞來到現(xiàn)在。我很想知道他會(huì)怎么看我們今天的英語。Martin:Heprobablywouldn’trecognizeit.Itwouldbelikeadifferentlanguageforhim.馬丁:他很有可能認(rèn)不出這種語言，對他來說就像一種不同的語言。David:Right.Andheprobablywouldreallylikethesoundofcertainwordsthatweuseandwishthattheywerearoundwhenhewaswritinghisplaysfourhundredyearsago.大衛(wèi):對。他可能會(huì)喜歡我們使用的一些詞匯的發(fā)音，并且希望400年前他寫戲劇時(shí)就有這些詞匯。Martin:Ihadn’tthoughtofitthatwaybeforebutyou’reprobablyright.馬丁:我以前沒那樣想過，但你可能是對的。David:Now,speakingofwriting,IhavetogetthisessaywrittensoImustgettowork.Lookatthetime.大衛(wèi):現(xiàn)在，說到寫作，我得把這篇文章寫出來了。我要工作了。看看時(shí)間吧。Martin:Zounds!It’sgettinglate.馬丁:Zounds！太晚了。

情景劇練習(xí)WhatschoolworkisDaviddoing?a)Doinghishomework.b)Workingonthecomputer.c)WritinganessayonMarcoPolo.HowdoesMartinthinkofthewordsusedinShakespeare’splay?a)Theyarelikeaforeignlanguage.b)Theyarestillusedforthetimebeing.c)Hehasnodifficultunderstandingthem.Whichofthefollowingistrue?a)ThelanguageShakespeareusedwaspartofoldEnglish.b)Shakespearewaswritingforthecommonpeoplec)Martindoesn’tlikethesoundofthewordsShakespeareused.Whatdoesthephrase"thoudost"mean?a)"Theyshould".b)"Youmust".c)"Youdo".Whichofthefollowinghasbeenmentionedinthedialogue?a)LanguagechangesbroughtbytheInternet.b)Communicationbetweendifferentlanguages.c)Thediscoveryofanewlanguage.Whatwouldpeoplewholived400yearsagofind