外研必修第三冊Unit3Period2Grammar&Vocabulary12Toknowtheusageofpresentperfectpassivevoiceanduseitcorrectly.Tousethewordsandphrasesdescribingcareersinsciencecorrectly.目標一：ToknowtheusageofpresentperfectpassivevoiceanduseitcorrectlyActivity1:Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.1.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?2.Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.c.Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.d.Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Inthefirstgroup,thewordsinboldshowtheuseofthepassiveformwiththesubjects,whileinthesecondgroup,thewordsinboldshowtheuseoftheactiveformwiththesubjects.4.Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?Theauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepresentperfectpassiveinthereadingpassage.1.TheNewAgeofInvention

hasjustbeenpublished.(para.1)2.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.(para.6)3.NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment.(para.14)Activity2:Readthesentencesandsummarisethesentencestructuresofpresentperfectpassive.*Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussed

fornearlytwoweeks.*Theinkhasnotbeenremoved

fromtheclothes.*Haven’t

youbeeninformed

ofthedateoftheinterview?*Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuilt

inyourschool?肯定式主語+have/hasbeendone...否定式主語+have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問式Have/Has+主語+beendone...?特殊疑問式疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone...?Activity3:Readthegroupsofsentencesandsummarisetheusageofpresentperfectpassive.Group1:*Mycompositionhasalreadybeenpolishedagainandagain.*Thelostboyhasn’tbeenfoundyet.*Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.Summary:現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣,強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,通常與__________________________________等副詞連用。already,yet,just,never,recentlyGroup2:*Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.*Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.Summary:表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)下去,常與____________或____________引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用,或用于“____________?”句型中。forsinceHowlong【拓展補充】常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有:already已經(jīng)(常用于肯定句)yet已經(jīng)(常用于否定句或一般疑問句)recently/lately最近 sincethen從那時起eversince自那以來 ever曾經(jīng)sofar迄今為止 bynow到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime 很長一段時間inrecentyears 在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears 在過去的幾年里Group3:*Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.*Theteacherwon’tleaveuntilallthechildrenhavebeenpickedup.Summary:用在___________或___________狀語從句中,表示將來某時已完成的動作,即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。時間條件【Attention】使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題:(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞,即have/has和been,兩者缺一不可。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時候，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。*Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.這房子是去年建造的。*Thehousehasbeenbuilt.這房子已經(jīng)建好了。(3)帶有雙賓語的動詞,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。*Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).(4)被動語態(tài)的句子中的主語是行為動作的承受者。需要注意的是，并不是所有的動詞或詞組都有被動形式。如:happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動詞或詞組就沒有被動形式。*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountryinthepast30years.過去30年我們國家發(fā)生了巨大變化。Activity4:Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.

Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.

Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting-inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!1Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected23D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.3Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathavebeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.4Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.5Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Activity5:ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.Mytwolaptopshavebeenstolen.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.Thebookcasehasbeenopened,andsomefileshavebeentakenawaywhileothershavebeenthrowneverywhere.Therobothasbeendamaged.Apairofgloveshavebeenleftinthelab.目標二：TousethewordsandphrasesdescribingcareersinsciencecorrectlyActivity1:Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.physicist

mathematicianchemistastronomergeographerbiologist1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers?1Aphysicistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithphysicsorwhostudiesphysics.2Amathematicianisapersonwhoistrainedinthestudyofnumbersandcalculations.3Achemistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithchemistryorwhostudieschemistry.4Anastronomerisascientistwhostudiesthestars,planets,andothernaturalobjectsinspace.5Ageographerisapersonwhostudiesthegeographyorisanexpertinit.6Abiologistisapersonwhostudiesorworksinthefieldofbiology.2.Whatfamousscientistscanyounameinthesefields?Physicist:IsaacNewton艾薩克·牛頓;AlbertEinstein阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦Mathematician:ZuChongzhi祖沖之;HuaLuogeng華羅庚Chemist:DmitriMendeleev德米特里·伊萬諾維奇·門捷列夫;AlfredBernhardNobel阿爾弗雷德·伯納德·諾貝爾Astronomer:ZhangHeng張衡;GalileoGalilei伽利略·伽利雷Geographer:XuXiake徐霞客;PeiXiu裴秀Biologist:T.C.Tung童第周Activity2:CompletetheintroductionsaboutdifferentscientistswiththewordsintheActivityabove.Payattentiontothelanguagethatdescribestheircareers.LearningtolearnWordsaboutdifferentcareersinsciencecanbeformedbyadding-er,-istor-ianattheendofthewordsaboutsubjects,egbiology—biologist.GuoShoujing(1231-1316)wasafamousChinese1_____________oftheYuandynasty.Heinventedtwelvenewinstrumentstostudystarsandplanets.HealsodevelopedacalendarwhichisasaccurateastheGregoriancalendar.AmountainontheMoonandaminorplanetarenamedafterhim.British2___________CharlesDarwin(1809–1882)isbestknownforhisworkOntheOriginofSpecies,inwhichheexplainschangesinspeciesduetonaturalselection.Hisideasdeeplyinfluenceourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.astronomerbiologistLiDaoyuan(ca466-527)wasafamouswriterand3_____________oftheNorthernWeiDynasty.HedidfieldresearchacrossChinaandstudi