第10講：句子還原六選四之三維度快讀巧解

c知識梳理

【考情鏈接】

六選四閱讀文章一般以說明文和議論文為主,選文邏輯嚴密，結構嚴謹,突出對篇章結構的整體理解，側重考查學生的邏輯

思維能力」設空題型分布以怫中I為主、段■和段用為輔似考查上下文邏輯關系為主，考查段落主題句為輔,間或考查段屬

的結論概括性語句。六個備選項意義都與文章內容相關，有一定的干擾迷惑性。試卷主要依據句子在上下文中銜接情況

來命制，銜接手段分為三種：結構銜接,邏輯銜接,詞匯銜接

【要點梳理】

句子銜接手段分為三種：結構銜接，邏輯銜接，詞匯銜接。可按這幾個原則判斷空格與選項是否匹配。

謂構銜接一根據空格的位置判斷I

1）若空格句出現在段首，則通常是段落主題句。

這句往往是對下面整個段落內容的概括和總結,反映整個段落的主旨和大意認真閱。讀后文內容，鎖定線索信號詞，

然后在選項中查找相關特征詞。關注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。

【例題】（2024楊浦一模）

A.There11stillbetimeswhenoldthoughtscausesadness,oryou'reanxiousaboutwhat'snext.

B.Theusefulnessofnostalgiaseemstovarywithage.

C.Todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.

D.You'llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.

E.Theanswerliesinconnectingwithyourpastandfutureselves.

F.Butthere'salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”.

（70）Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou'llbeatminingyourpast,

andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.

2）若空格句在段尾，則多屬總結本段內容的總結句或引出下一段內容的過渡句。

A：在選項中看能否找到對前文整段的總結句。如果在段尾提出主題,會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來，正確答案中

應有這樣的特征詞。段尾通常是結論,概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果，結論，總結等的信號詞，如therefore,asa

result,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語，選項中也川發現前文的同義詞句。

B：與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句,看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。分析與

前文是轉折或是對比關系。此時要注意在選項中杳找表示轉折，對比的關聯詞,同時注意選項中所講內容是否與前文在同

一主題上形成對立，對比關系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文

章的主題。

【例題】（2024黃埔一模）

A.DoIevenwantthem?Onwhoseclock?

B.Whyshouldyouchallengethatsecrettimelineofmilestonesinyourhead?

C.Thistime,quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.

D.Insteadoffeelingpressuretohitlift?eventsonsomeoneeke'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.

E.Peoplearefeelinglikethey5refallingbehind,wheninfactthey'reprobablydoingexactlywhattheyshould.

F.Shespentyearsfeelinglikeanoutsiderandfailureasshewatchedherpeersriseinschoolandwork,figuring

she'dnevercatchup.

“Yougotocollegerightoutofhighschool.That'stherule,right?^^saysNikkiIvey,asalestrainerandconsultantoutside

Jacksonville,Fla.However,it'snotthecasefbrher.Actually,shegotherundergraduatedegreeat28._67

【例題】（2024虹口一模）

Mostofusdomultitaskingalmostdaily.Butit'stimetochangethat.Yourattentionisalreadybeingpulledinmillionsof

directionsdaily,soyoureallydon'tneedtoaddmultitaskingtothelist.Let'stakethesmartphonefbrexample.Onaverageyou

checkyourphone110limesaday—thatmeansyou'respending23dayseveryyeargluedtoyoursmartphone!How

productivedoyouthinkthatmakesyou?___47___.

Butit'shardtoletgoofthesehabi:sbecauseyou'veconditionedyourbraintosendmisleadingsignalstoyourbody.

Researchhasshownthatwhenyoumultitask''successfully'',youactivatetherewardmechanisminyourbrainthatreleases

dopamine,thehappyhormone.

A.Focusontheonethingyouaredoing.

B.Habitslikethesewhichencourageyou（omultitaskmakeyoumentallyexhaustedandunproductive.

C.Makesurethatyoualsotakebreaksinyourmonotasking,becausethat*swhathelpsyourbraintostayfocused.

D.Soit'sawin-winfbreveryone!

E.Thelittleinformationwedolakeinwhenwe'remultitaskingismoredifficulttorememberatalaterstage.

F.Youfeelsogoodthatyoubelieveyou'rebeingeffectiveandfurtherencouragesyourmultitaskinghabit.

3）若空格句在段中,則需根據空格前后的句子內容及邏輯關系來確定答案。

【例題】（2024長寧一模）

A.Itwillnotbelongbeforehe'sbackinprisonagain.

B.Wc'rcallrelievedthatthecriminalisbeingpunishedfbrhismisdeeds.

C.Communityserviceislikelytoturnprisonersintobetterpersons.

D.Offendersaretriedandsentencedaccordingtothelegalsystem.

E.Thethreatofanotherspellinjailwillstophimfrombreakingthelawagain.

F.Putthemoneyintosupportingdeprivedareaswhicharethegroundsforcrime.

Butwhathappensnext?Wcallhopetheprisonerwillbenefitfromsociety'sretribution.Aspell（一陣子）inprisonwill

reformhimandmakehimabetterperson.Weallhopehe'llreformandbecomelikeus.Weallhopethatwhenheiseventually

released,hewillbeagoodcharacter.68But,let'sfiiceit.Therealityisusuallyverydifferent.The

prisonermaybereleasedonparole（假釋）beforetheendofhissentence.Hewilltry（ore-entersociety.Butthenheoften

becomesivictimhimself,unabletofindworkandisrejectedbysociety.

|2,邏輯銜接一根據前后文邏輯關系判斷

1）因果關系（Eg:Asaresult/thus/thcrcfbrc/so（such）...）

因果關系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結果之間的關系，這種關系往往說明了前因后果或者前果后因等情況。2）轉折

關系（Eg:However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/inspiteof/onthecontrary/incontrast/bycontrast/in

comparison/otherwise/not...but）

轉折關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句構成逆轉邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可

能是個轉折邏輯的句子。

3）并列關系（Eg:firs[/sccond/third/tobeginwiih/toconclude）

并列關系主要指前后的句子間是平等的關系，可以互換位置。

4）遞進關系（Eg:also/furthennore/similarly/moreover/inaddition/whafsmore）

遞進關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進關系，則空格處

很有可能是個遞進的句子。

5）例證關系（Eg:suchas/forexamples/Oneoftheexamplesis...）

前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣,但就其本質而言無非是思維.上的形象（例子，類比等）和

抽象（觀點）的辯證關系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點）和推理（從觀點到例子）。

【例題】（2024徐匯一模）

InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,accordingtotheL.A.

NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplayspaces,despiteoftenhavinga

highpopulationdensity.___70___

A.Movingmoremaynotpreventachildfrombecomingoverweight,butstudiesshowclearlythatithelpsboth

physicalandmentalhealth.

B.Andalthoughruralareashavemoreundevelopedoutdoorspace,theyoftenlackplaygrounds,tracksandexercise

facilities

C.Alackofsafeplacestorthemtoplayoutsidethehomealsocontributestokidsobesity.

D.Ilalsosuggestedprescribingweight-lossdrugstochildren12andolderandsurgerytoteens13andolder.

E.Increasedscreenlimeandchangingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsareunsupervised.

F.Theyhavesignificantsideeffectsforbothkidsandadults.

3,詞匯銜接——叢詞匯關系上判斷

1）代詞

英語表達中代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根

據代詞的單復數差異可以準確而快速地解題。例如it可指代單數名詞或整個句子,they或them指代復數名詞,。ne指代單

數可數名詞,that指代不可數名詞或句子,this指代單數名詞或句子;these或those指代前句的復數名詞。

2）詞匯復現/同義詞/反義詞

英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞，近義詞，近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重更使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其

實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。

3）同一范疇詞（上下義詞）

上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者,或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常

常可以很輕松地解題。你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯系越接近,

上下文的銜接關系越緊密。

【例題】（2024閔行一模）

48Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infantsrecognize

theirmothers'odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingwornby（heirpartners

fromsimilarclothingwombyotherpeople.

A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.

B.Besides,odoursaregranteddifferentculturalvalues.

C.Human'sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.

D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentnextremelysmallquantities.

E.Manyrespondentsnotedmanyoftheirolfactorylikesanddislikeswerebasedonemotionallinks.

F.Somerespondents5preferencefbraparticularodourwasinfluencedbyemotionalassociations.

課堂精練

一，讀懂段意定兩頭——段首,段尾題

（1）挖空在段首，常是主題句或承上啟下句

假如挖空出現在段首，通常為主題句。要認真閱讀空后內容，根據段落一致性原則，推斷出主題句。若不是主題句，則考

慮是承上啟下句。

(2)挖空在段尾，常是結論句或承上啟下句

挖空出現在段尾，通常是所在段的結論和概括。解題時注意在選項中杳找表示結果，結論，總結的關聯詞(如：therefore,as

aresult,thus,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword)或句子，挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上啟下的作用，即通過空格

把本段與下?段有機地結合起來。這吐我們不光要看空格前面的句子，對于下一段的內容也要特別關注。(段首類的承

上啟下句同樣適用此法)

例1：

49"Ifanimalsbecomeaccustomedtotouristsandiftourismpracticesenhancethistaming,wemightcreate

unintendedconsequences-affectingthebehaviororpopulationofaspeciesandinfluencingthespecies'functioninits

community,“theresearcherswrite.

A.Asanimalslearntorelaxinthepresenceofhumans,theymaybecomebolderinothersituations.

F.Interactingwithpeoplecancausegreatchangeinthecharacteristicsofvariousspeciesovertime.

例2：

IfHarryPotterandHuckleberryFinnwereeachtorepresentBritishversusAmericanchildren'sliterature,acurious

situationwouldemerge:Inaliterarycompetitionfortheheartsandmindsofchildren,oneisawizard(巫師)-in-trainingata

boardingschoolin(heScottishHighlands,while(heotherisabarefootbeydriftingdown(heMississippi,botheredbycheats,

slavehunters,andthieves.Onedefeatsevilwithamagicstick,theothertakestoaraft(筏)torightasocialwrong.___67___

A.Itallgoesbacktoeachcountry'sdistinctculturalheritage.

F.Bothorphanstookovertheworldofchildren'sliterature,buttheirstoriesunfoldinnoticeabledifferentways.

例3：

DoyouprefertowatchTVorlistentotheradio?Therewasatimewhensomepeoplethoughtmovingpictureswouldspell

theendoftuninginto(heradioforentertainmentandinformation.Buiradiosurvivedandboomed.67.

Perhapsthegrowthinpodcastingisnotsurprising-itoffersadigitalaudiofilethatcanbedownloadedandstoredfor

listeningatanytime.ItcanalsobestreamedfromtheinternetandplayedonacomputerorMP3player.Andit'snotjust

broadcasters,liketheBBC,whoareproducingpodcasts:nowcommercialbroadcasters,individualsandcompanieswithno

connectiontobroadcastingarcmakingihcm.Infact,anyonewithsoircthingtosay,andafewpoundstospendonthe

equipment,cangetinvolved.

C.Andnow,despitethegrowthinsmartphonesofferinghigh-definitionpictures,(hepopularityofpodcastsisbooming.

E.Podcastsofferachancetospeaktoaverypreciseselectionofpeople.

二，細辨關系定中間一段中題

一般說來，文章的行文通常需要一定的銜接手段來實現，而該題型的銜接手段主要有以下兩種渠道：一是詞匯線索,

二是行文邏輯。

(1)從詞匯線索上判斷

詞匯線索主要包括代詞和詞匯復現兩種情況。

a.代詞

英語表達中，代詞出現的頻率極高。代詞主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有時也是為了區別前面提到的名詞或概念。

巧妙利用這樣的指代關系及差異可以準確而快速地解題。

例：

Afreshlemoncanbepurchasedforlessthan$1.Butin2(X)8,Cowan'sAuctionsinCincinnatisoldalemonblackenedwith

agefor$2,350.

Whatwassospecialaboutthislemon?67According(oahandwrittennoteininkattached(oapartlysealed

bottlecontainingthelemon,thefruitwaspickedinMay1842byWashington's"oldgardener"some43yearsafterthefirst

president'sdeath

C.ItwassaidtobefromatreeplantedbyGeorgeWashingtonatMountVernon.

D.Theauctionresultsurelydrewtheattentionfromboththebusinessandeconomicsworlds.

b.詞匯復現

作者在文章中會對同一個概念重復描述,從而使得同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復出現。詞匯復現可以指相同詞匯

的重復使用，同義詞和近義詞的復現以及同一范疇詞匯的復現。解題時可以利用這些詞作為解題線索。

例：

69.Dotheychoosetorob?Dotheysitathomeandwait?Whathappenstopeoplewhorelyontheircellphones

toprocessmoneydealingswhencellserviceandtheInternetarcinterrupted?Aworldaffectedbyterrorismandincreasingly

violentweaihcrmaynotycibereadyioabandoncurrency."

D.Clearingupcashpaymentshasseveraladvantagesaswell.

E.However,somepeopledoubtwhatmembersofacashlesssocietywilldowhen(hepowergoesoff.

(2)從行文邏輯上判斷

英語行文離不開邏輯關系，一篇沒有邏輯的文章只能是一盤散沙。邏輯關系主要包括：并列關系，遞進關系，因果關系，

轉折或對比關系等。

a.并列關系

表示并列關系的詞有:first(ly),second(ly)first,then/nextinthefirstplace,inthesecondplaceforonething,for

another(thing)tobeginwith,toconclude等標志性詞語，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關系，空格處很有可能是個并

列的句子。

b.遞進關系

遞進關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關系。表示遞進關系的詞有：too,also,besides,further,

furthermore,moreover,apartfrom,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...butnotonly...butalso等。

c.因果關系

表示因果關系的詞有：so/therefore,thus,hence,consequenlly（結果）,asaresult,forthatreason,so/such...that...,sothat...

等。

d.轉折或對比關系

表示轉折或對比關系的詞有：but,however,yet.while/though.or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,

incontrast/bycomparison等。

e.表示解釋關系

表示解釋關系的詞有：inotherwords,infact,asamateroffact,torexample,forinstance,thatistosay等.

例1:

Inordertofinishprojects,youmustalsoplanout（hestepsyouwilltake.Breakyourbigtaskintosmallerones,andgive

yourselfashort-termdeadlineforeachofthem.___48___.

C.Whateveritis,ifyoudon'tknowwhatyourgoalis,you'renotlikelytoreachit.

E.Thencommittofollowingyourplantotheend.

例2:

However,thereisanegativesideloboxing.Itislikelytothreatenpersonalsafetyofpeople.Althoughboxersweargloves

duringthefights,andamateurboxersevenhavelowearhelmets,therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentinbothprofessionaland

amateurboxing,sometimeswithdramaticconsequences.Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries,andoccasionally,fighters

haveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering.___49___Sometimesevenifaboxerhasneverbeenknocked

out,hemighthavesufferedseverebraindamagewithoutknowingit.

D.Professionalboxersarcmuchmoreatriskthantheiramateurcounterparts.

E.Funhcrmorc,studieshaveshownihaiincrearcoftenlong-termeffectsofboxing

例3:

ThisunequaldistributionindicatesasituationofseverefoodinjusticeinSouthAfrica.Yetfromtheresearchwithit'sclear

thatpeopledonotknowoftherighttofood,anddon'tseeunequalaccesstonutritiousfoodasaninjustice.

68Whiletherearefrequentprotestsaroundaccesstojobs,education,housing,waterandelectricity,werarely,if

ever,seeprotestsaboutaccesstofood.

A.Asaresult,questionsofhungerarclargelyabsentinSouthAfricanpolitics.

B.Handlingfoodinjusticerequiresatransformationoftheundesirablestructureofthefoodsystem.

例4:

Yourpersona]circumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeaPilotbutcan'tbecomeonebecause

youreyesightisnotgoodenough.70Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.

A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.

C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.

例5:

68.Forinstance,theprimingandhandlingofmoneyisexpensive.Cashpaymentscanbeanonymous（匿名的）

andilishardtotrackcriminalactivitiesconductedinsecret.Manygovernmentsfavorreducingcashdealingsinordertobelter

monitorandunderstandtheactivitiesoftheircitizens.TheSwedishgovernmenthasbeendiscussingtheremovingofcashsince

2010.

A.There'snowaitingforitandnocountingofcash.

D.Clearingupcashpaymentshasseveraladvantagesaswell.

Q課后反饋

模擬基礎練?

（2024年奉賢區二模）

RainCollection

Whatdoyouliketodoonarainyday—sitinsideandlistentothepitter-patterontherooforsplashoutsideandfeelthecold

dropsonyourface?Whateveryouchoose,rainisvitallyessentialin（henature.

471（fillsriversandlakes,slowlysinksintotheearth,nourishesourplants,andkeepsthelandaliveandbeautiful.

Inthepast,peopleobtainedtheirwaterfromrain,wells,ornearbyrivers.Now,manyofusliveinplaceswherewaterispipedin,

sometimesfromfaraway.Removingsomuchwaterfromnatureandsendingittogreatdistancesharmthelivingthingsthatalso

needthatwater.

Asclimatechangeheatsuptheplanetandcausesextremeweather,moreplacesfacewatershortages.48.Oneeasy

placetolookformorewateristhesky!

Humanshavecollectedrainsinceancientlimes.49.Theyarelappingintothiscleanandrichsourceofwater

providedbynature.Byharvestingtherainwecanreducetheamountofwalerwetakefromriversandoutoftheground.

Evenindryclimates,thereisalotofpotentialrainwaterthatcanbeeffectivelyharvestedandutilized.Thisrichyetoften

overlookedresourcehasthepotentialtosignificantlycontributetowaterconservationefforts,especiallyinregionsfacingwater

shortages.Justoneinchofrainfallingonamedium-sizedhouseproducesover600gallonsofwater.50.

Nowadays,rainwaterisstillusedasaprimarysupplyinmanyplacesintheworld,likeVietnamandHawaii.Inplaceswith

piped-inwater,rainwaterisnotcommonlyused,butthisischanging.Rainwaterharvestingisgettingmorepopularsinceit'seasy

todoandhelpscreatewatersecurity.

A.Largeroofscan.hence,collectgreateramountofwater.

B.Rainwatercanalsobeusedforfountainsandponds.

C.Wealldeeplydependonthenourishmentofrain.

D.Tosecurefuturewatersupply,wcneednewsources.

E.Now,manypeoplearereturningtothispractice.

F.Rainwateriscleanbutitgetsdirtyfromtheroof.

(2024年黃浦區二模)

AntarcticTourism:ShouldWeJustSayNo?

MorepeoplearevisitingAntarctic,thefrozencontinentthaneverbefore.___67___Thishasbroughtanewurgencytothe

questionofhowmuch,ifany,tourismshouldbeallowedontheicycontinent.

ThedistancemostvisitorstraveltoreachAntarcticamakescarbonemissionsaseriousproblem.___68___Onestudy

calculatedthateachtouristbetween2016and2020waseffectivelymeltingaround83tonnesofsnow,duelargelytoemissions

fromvacationships.

___69___TheAntarcticTreaty,establishedin1961toprovidegovernancefbrthecontinent,operatesonaconsultativebasis,

whichmeansall56partieshavetoagreebeforeachangecanbeputintoaction.Thelastmajordecisionontourismwasameasure

passedin2009thatprohibitsvacationshipscanyingmorethan500passengersfrommakinglandings.Thatregulationhasstillnot

officiallybeencarriedoutasnotcvcrysignatorycountryhasaccepteditdomestically.

Thereisclearagreementthatsomethingneedstochange,butnoagreementonwhatthosechangesshouldbe.___70___

A.Thenumberofvisitorshit100,000forthefirsttimethistouristseason,a40%jumpoverthepreviousrecord.

B.TheAntarcticisatrisknotjustbecauseofthebreakabilityofitsenvironment,butduetothelackofasingle

governingbody.

C.Shouldlandingsbemadeatalargernumberofsitesforinstanceorshou'dweaim(okeep(hehumanfootprintas

smallaspossible?

D.Ifwhatyoureallywantistoconnectwithsnowandiceandyou'reinthenorthernhalf>canyoucatchatraintothe

nearestsnowregioninstead?

E.Theaverageper-personcarbonemissionsfbranAntarctictouristarc3.76tonnes-aboutthetotalsumthatan

individualtypicallygeneratesinanentireyear.

F.Thereissolittleregulationnowthatalmostanythingthatwillprotecttheareashyanofficiallegalsourcerather

thanself-regulatedwouldbereallypositive.

重難提升練?

【上海市黃浦區敬業中學2024-2025學年高三上學期10月月考】

MagazineArticles:MoreValuableThanYouMayThink

Parentsareoftensurprisedwhenteacherssuggesttheirchildrenreadmagazines.Theyfeeltheirkids'readingabilitieshave

beenunderestimated.___47

Magazinearticlescanprovidereluctantreaderswithalivelywritingstylethatcaninspirethemtoreadmore.___48___Soa

childcanfinishreadinganarticlewithoutlosinginterestduetoashortattentionspan（持續時間）.Thewritinginmagazinesalso

tendstobeeasytoread,especiallyifitisachildren'spublication.

Byallowingchildrentoreadmagazinesatanearlyage,parentsareencouragingdevelopmentofausefulskill.Magazines

andnewspapersprovideadultswithcriticalnews.Gettingintothehabitofreadingmagazinesasachildwilldevelopthelifelong

habitofreadingnewsarticles.

___49____Magazinearticleschallengestudentstothinkaboutissuestheymayhaveneverconsideredorcausethemto

rethinktheirworldviewInformationisavailableinawidevarietyofreadinglevelsbecausemagazinesarewritfenforevery

audienceimaginable.Manypublicationscoverthesamematerialindifferentwritingstylesthatmightmakeiteasierfbryour

childtocomprehend.

Whenreadingmagazinestogether,familymembersgettolearnabouteachother'sinterest.___50___Onceeachfamily

memberhasfinishedreadingeachmagazine,parentscanevendesignartandwritingprojectsforthewholefamilytoworkon.

Allinall,magazinesarcvaluableformanypeople,butinparticulartochildren.Theskillsthattheyuseandstrengthenwhen

readingmagazinescanbeappliedtofurtherstudy.Encouragingchildrentoreadmagazinescouldchangethemfromareluctant

readertoaloverofreading.

A.Readingmagazinesenableschildren（obeexposedtovarioussubjects.

B.Instead,itisnecessarytointroducetheirkidstoawiderangeofbooksaswellasmagazines.

C.Thebenefitsofreadingmagazinearticlescanbeachievedthroughschoclactivities.

D.Childrencanpassamagazineontoabrotherorsisterwhentheyfinishreadingit.

E.However,readingmagazinesoffersmanybenefitstoyoungreaders.

F.Thearticlesinmagazinesaregenerallyshort.

【上海市華東師范大學第二附屬中學2024-2025學年高三上學期10月月考】

Theeconomiccostofextremeheat

TheAcropolis（古希臘城市的衛城）hasstoodabovethecityofAthensforcenturies,itsancientwallsandpillars

withstandingwar,siege（包圍）andconquest.Butastemperaturesreached4（）℃acrosssouthernEuropethismonth,Greece'stop

touristattractionbrieflyfellvictimtoextremeheat.

TheCerberusheatwave-namedaftertlicthree-headeddogwhoguardedthegatestohellinGreekmythology—hasshonea

spotlightonjusthowvulnerabletheMediterranean'shugetourismindustryistotheheatwavesthatarcbecomingincreasingly

commoninEurope.

47.Industriesrangingfromconstruction,tomanufacturing,agriculture,transportandinsuranceareallbracingfor

changestothewaytheydobusinessashigh-temperaturedaysbecomemoreroutinebecauseofclimatechange.

Scientistsareclearthatextremeweatherevents,includingheatwaves,willbecomemorefrequentandintensewithevery

fractionofadegreeofwarming.Businessleadersandpolicymakerarenowcountingthecostofshutteredcompaniesand

decreasedproductivity.48.

“Extremeheatispullingdownourgrowth,saysKathyBaughmanMcLeod,directoroftheAdrinemieArsht-Rockefeller

FoundationResilienceCenter,44theranwaysarebuckling(變形)，metrosareclosing,restaurantshavetoshutdownbecause(he

kitchenstaffaretoohot.”

Butthosecostsarclikelytospiralincomingdecadesaseconomicsreorientthemselvesforpeakseasonsofevermore

extremeheat,tomitigate(減輕)againsttherisksanddisruptiontheywillbring.

^Extremeheatisoneoftheveryseriousconsequencesofclimatechange“saysDanJorgensen,Denmark'sclimateminister.”

Theverytragicnewsisthatthisisprobablyonlygoingtogetworse.”

Oneofthemainreasonsthatextremeheatposesaneconomicthreatisbecauseitmakesithardertowork.49Inhot

conditions,humanbeingstypically"workslower,wetakeonmorerisk,ourcognitivefunctiondecreases”,saysLauraKentofthe

InstitutionofMechanicalEngineers.

AstudybytheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO),theUNagencyforworkers,projectedthatby2030,theequivalentof

morethan2percentoftotalworkinghoursworldwidewouldbelosteveryyear,eitherbecauseitistoohottoworkorbecause

workershavetoworkataslowerpace.

Yetfewcountrieshaveamaximumtemperatureforworkmuststop.IntheUK,forexample,whereextremeheathasnot

historicallybeenaproblem,thereisonlyarecommendedthresholdtorsloppingworkincold,nothot,temperatures.

Thepoorestandleastabletocopeareoftenhithardestbyextremeheat—withproductivitylossesoftenconcentratedinjobs

wherewagestendtobelowerthanaverage.

Outdoorworkers-especiallythoseinagricultureorconstruction—areparticularlyatriskofdeath,injuries,sicknessand

reducedproductivitybecauseofheatexposure,accordingtotheILO.50.Manysuchfacilitiesarcsituatedintheglobal

south,wherepeaktemperaturesarcevenmoreextremeanddangerous.

A.Officialsshutthesiteforseveralhoursduringthehottestpartsoftheday,afterholidaymakersqueueingtoenter

requiredmedicalattention.

B.Hightemperaturesgohardinhandwithlowproductivity.

C.Buttheeconomicimpactofwhatexpertswarncouldbeaneweracfrecord-breakingheatgoesfarbeyond

tourism.

D.Butthoseworkinginsidefactoriesandworkshopswithoutairconditioningarealsoatincreasingriskasintense

heatwavesbecomemorefrequent

E.Theimpactofextremeheatonworkershasbecomeanissueofhumanrights.

F.AstudypublishedbyacademicsDartmouthlastyearfound(hatheatwaves,broughtonbyhuman-causedclimate

change,costtheglobaleconomyanestimated$l6tnovera21-yearperiodfromthe1990s.

真題實戰練

[2023年1月上海高考英語真題】

A.Beforeyouslockupatcafe,knowthatitispossibletodrinkloomuchcoffee.

B.Coffeehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesaccordingtodifferentpeople.

C.Researchersfoundthatcaffeine,particularlycoffee,hadaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.

D.Sobyallmeans,grabthatextracupofcoffee,butbesuretolimityourintake.

E.Themood-boostingnewsdoesn'tstopthere.

F.Tosumup,moreresearchersshouldbedonetoclarifytherelationbetweencaffeineanddepression.

Ifyouneededanotherexcusetograbanothercupofcoffee,considerthisresearchablessingtodoso.

Acomprehensiveanalysisof12studieslookedatnearly350,000individualsandmore(han8.000casesofdepression.

(67)InChina,researchersanalyzed15studieswithmorechan330,000totalparticipants.Theirresultsshowedthat

foreverycupofcoffeepeopledrank,theyreduced(heirriskofdepressionby8percent.

(68)Harvardresearchersstudied10years'worthofdatafrom51,000women,noneofwhomhad

depressiontobeginwith,Theresultsshowedthatthewomenwhodrankthemostcoffee(fouror