中國文化、社會、經濟、政治（專項詞匯）重要文化遺產majorculturalheritage優秀民間藝術outstandingfolkart獨特的藝術價值uniqueartisticvalues誠實守信honesty愛國主義精神patriotism國寶nationaltreasure文物culturalrelics華夏祖先theChineseancestors文人scholar;theintellectual雅士refinedscholar才子佳人giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies高雅藝術refined/highart中外學者Chineseandoverseasscholars古為今用tomakethepastservethepresent洋為中用tomaketheforeignserveChina無愧于時代的作品worksworthyofthetimes文明搖籃cradleofcivilization古文明ancientcivilization博大精深tobeextensiveandprofound享有……的美譽toenjoyagood/highreputationfor被譽為tobehonored/crownedas占據重要地位toplayasignificantrole;tohave/occupyasignificantplace肩負……的責任toshouldertheresponsibilityof…與……密不可分tobecloselyassociatedwith…推廣中國文化topromoteChineseculture促進世界和平topromoteworldpeace增進友誼toenhancefriendship文化娛樂活動culturalandamusementactivities文化產業cultureindustry文化底蘊culturaldeposit文化事業culturalundertaking文化交流culturalexchange文化沖擊cultureshock文化差異culturaldifference民族特性和價值觀nationalidentityandvalue在各地差異很大tovarywidelyfromregion/placetoregion/place促進文化的傳播topromotethespreadofculture促進交流topromoteexchanges蓬勃發展toflourish豐富多彩toberichandcolorful風俗習慣custom禁忌taboo中華民族theChinesenation傳統美德traditionalvirtues尊敬老人torespecttheelderly贍養父母tosupport/takecareofparents繼承toinherit后人latergeneration強身健體toimprovethephysicalhealth;tostrengthenthebody益壽延年toprolonglife保佑平安tokeepsb.safe象征意義symbolicmeaning象征好運和祝福tosymbolizegoodluckandblessings審美觀/品味tasteforbeauty;aesthetictaste傳統文化傳統工藝品traditionalhandicraft形狀不一differentshapes材質各異variousmaterials質地堅硬hardtexture造型生動vividfigure色彩豐富richcolors風格獨特characteristic/uniquestyle中醫traditionalChinesemedicine中草藥herbalmedicine望、聞、問、切observing,listening,inquiring,pulsetaking癥狀symptom針灸acupuncture推拿medicalmassage重大發明asignificantinvention中國古代四大發明theFourGreatInventionsofancientChina火藥gunpowder印刷術printing造紙術paper-making指南針compass文房四寶theFourTreasuresoftheStudy筆、墨、紙、硯inkbrush,inkstick,Xuanpaper,inkstone漢字Chinesecharacter筆劃stroke四書五經theFourBooksandtheFiveClassics唐詩宋詞poetryintheTangandSongDynasties詩人poet四大名著theFourGreatClassicalNovels八股文theeight-partessay普通話四聲調thefourtonesofMandarinChinese琴棋書畫lute-playing,chess,calligraphyandpainting書法calligraphy中國畫traditionalChinesepainting水墨畫Chinesebrushpainting;inkwashpainting民俗folkcustom文化遺產culturalheritage非物質文化遺產intangibleculturalheritage吉祥/幸運數字luckynumber偶數/雙數evennumber奇數/單數oddnumber吉祥物mascot龍dragon鳳phoenix龜tortoise吉祥圖案luckypattern姓氏文化surnameculture婚嫁習俗marriagecustom傳統婚禮traditionalwedding葬禮習俗funeralcustom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武術martialarts中國功夫ChineseKungFu太極TaiChi中國象棋Chinesechess中國圍棋Go麻將mahjong宗教religion伊斯蘭教Islam清真寺mosque寺廟temple和尚/僧人monk民間故事folktale寓言fable傳說legend凡間humanworld思想學派schoolofthought思想觀念ideology哲學家philosopher思想家thinker創始人founder代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture道教Taoism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu;LaoZi莊子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孫子SunTzu《論語》TheAnalectsofConfucius《道德經》TaoTeChing《易經》TheBookofChanges《孫子兵法》TheArtofWar傳統節日春節theSpringFestival/ChineseNewYear元宵節theLanternFestival清明節theTomb-sweepingDay/QingMingFestival端午節theDragonBoatFestival中秋節theMid-autumnDay/Festival重陽節theDoubleNinthDay七夕節theDoubleSeventhDay/QiXiFestival除夕ChineseNewYear’sEve公歷/陽歷solarcalendar農歷/陰歷lunarcalendar慶祝（節日）celebrate;observe起源origin起源于tooriginatein/from習俗tradition;convention;custom年夜飯annualreuniondinner拜年topayaNewYearcall探親訪友to(paya)visit(to)relativesandfriends親朋好友relativesandfriends大掃除tothoroughlycleanthehouse驅厄運tosweepawayillfortune;togetridofbadluck去除災難towardoffevils壓歲錢luckmoney發紅包togivemoneyinredenvelopes;tohandoutredenvelopes歡度……tocelebrate…;thecelebrationof…春聯springcouplets爆竹firecrackers;fireworks年畫NewYearpictures廟會templefair民間藝人folkartist祭神god-worshiping舞龍dragondance燈籠/花燈(festival)lantern燈謎lanternriddle有益的智力活動beneficialintellectualactivity中國結Chineseknot賽龍舟dragonboatrace賞月toenjoythefullmoon登高hillclimbing放風箏toflyakite蕩秋千toplay/rideonaswing民間藝術中國傳統戲曲Chinesetraditionaloperas京劇PekingOpera京劇臉譜thefacialmakeupofBeijingOpera/PekingOperaMask正面角色positiverole說、學、逗、唱speaking,imitating;teasingandsinging傳統樂器traditionalinstrument木偶戲puppetshow皮影戲shadowplay雜技acrobatics相聲crosstalk說書story-telling民間工藝folkcraft手藝craftsmanship工匠/手工藝人craftsman剪紙Chinesepapercutting刺繡embroidery絲綢silk紡織品textile瓷器porcelain;chinaware陶器pottery;earthenware青銅器bronzeware中國結Chineseknot泥塑clayfiguremodeling中國玉器Chinesejade雕刻carving中餐及烹飪方法中國菜/中餐Chinesecuisine;Chinesefood八大菜系EightCuisines粵菜Cantoncuisine國宴statebanquet色香味outlook,flavorandtaste香脆可口crispyandtasty營養豐富nutritious烹飪技巧cookingtechnique煎tofry炒tostir-fry炸todeep-fry燴/燜/燉tostew蒸tosteam煮toboil烘焙tobake烤toroast切條tocuttostrips切丁todice切碎tomince磨碎togrind飲食習慣dietaryhabit特色食品specialfood;specialty元宵sweetstickyricedumplings年糕ricecake油條deep-frieddoughsticks豆漿soybeanmilk饅頭steamedbun包子steamedstuffedbun拉面hand-stretchednoodles豆腐tofu;beancurd麻花frieddoughtwist皮蛋100-yearegg;centuryegg蛋炒飯friedricewithegg火鍋hotpot原材ingredient調料seasoning;dressing豬/牛肉丸pork/beefball鴨肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鴨BeijingRoastDuck素菜館vegetarianrestaurant白酒Chineseliquor中國歷史四大文明古國之一oneofthefourancientcivilizations中華文明Chinesecivilization文明的搖籃cradleofcivilization文明古國ancientcivilization人類文明史thehistoryofhumancivilization遠古時代ancienttimes原始社會primitivesociety封建社會feudalsociety源遠流長/歷史悠久tohavealonghistory;withalonghistory隨著時間的推移astimegoesby朝代dynasty春秋戰國時期theSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod古都ancientcapital皇帝/君主emperor;monarch勤政愛民tobediligentandloveone’speople退位togiveupthethrone丞相/宰相primeminister學者scholar政治家statesman軍事家militarystrategist鴉片戰爭theOpiumWar南昌起義NanchangUprising辛亥革命the1911Revolution五四運動theMay4thMovementof1919抗日戰爭theAnti-JapaneseWar西安事變Xi’anIncident南京大屠殺NanjingMassacre長征theLongMarch歷史遺留問題aquestionleftoverfromhistory/thepast在戰爭中損毀toberuinedinwars抵抗侵略toresisttheinvasion在……世紀初atthebeginningof…century迄今為止uptillnow追溯到todatebackto;tobetracedbackto…來源于toderive/stemfrom;tooriginatefrom/in發祥地birthplace興起于……，興盛于……toemergein…andprosperin…社會地位socialstatus建立（朝代）tobuild;tofound;toestablish繁榮toprosper/flourish滅亡tocollapse;tocometoanend以……命名tobenamedafter…歷史人物historicfigure閏年leapyear商業經濟集體經濟collectiveeconomy計劃經濟plannedeconomy自由經濟liberaleconomy商品經濟commodityeconomy經濟體制改革reformoftheeconomicsystem經濟特區specialeconomiczone人均國民收入nationalincomepercapita第一產業/農業primaryindustry;agriculture第二產業/工業secondaryindustry;manufacturing第三產業/服務業tertiaryindustry;service農業farming林業forestry畜牧業animalhusbandry副業sidelineproduction漁業fishing經濟增長率economicgrowthrate財政政策fiscalpolicy經濟結構調整adjustmentofeconomicstructure優化經濟結構tooptimizetheeconomicstructure改善經濟環境toimproveeconomicenvironment科學技術是第一生產力scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces國有資產state-ownedproperty開放國內市場toopendomesticmarket縮小貧富差距tonarrowthegapbetweentherichandpoor消除貧困toeliminatepoverty共同富裕commonprosperity經濟形勢economicsituation經濟波動economicfluctuation經濟衰退economicdepression;recession經濟穩定economicstability經濟政策economicpolicy經濟復原economicrecovery經濟奇跡economicmiracle經濟起飛economictake-off全球經濟globaleconomy經濟學家economist企業家entrepreneur經濟全球化economicglobalization市場經濟marketeconomy市場調節markerregulation市場多元化marketdiversification推動經貿合作toboosteconomicandtradecooperation商界businesscommunities互惠互利mutualbenefit總需求aggregate/totaldemand總供給aggregatesupply擴大內需toexpanddomesticdemand團購groupbuying財政預算financialbudget耐用消費品durableconsumergoods年末促銷year-endpromotion壟斷monopoly壟斷行業monopolyindustry市場占有率marketshare生產力/生產率productivity經濟增長放緩economicslowdown國有企業state-ownedenterprise(SOE)私營企業privatebusiness合資企業jointventure民營企業privately-runbusiness中小企業smallandmedium-sizedenterprise小微企業smallandmicro-sizedfirm民間資本privatecapital民間投資privateinvestment泡沫經濟bubbleeconomy經濟過熱overheatingofeconomy實體經濟therealeconomy外匯儲備充足sufficientforeignexchangereserve國內/國際貿易domestic/internationaltrade對外貿易foreigntrade貿易條件termsoftrade不公平競爭unfaircompetition海關customs關稅customsduty水貨/走私貨smuggledgoods產品質量productquality高度評價tospeakhighlyof物美價廉competitivepriceandsuperiorquality銷量/銷售額sales存貨/庫存量stocks金融組織fiinancialinstitution商業信譽commercialreputation管理機制managementmechanism改善服務toimproveservices延長保修期toextendmaintenance制造商/制造廠manufacturer原材料rawmaterial樣品sample大規模生產massproduction年產量annualoutput勞動力密集型產業labour-intensiveindustry知識密集型產業knowledge-intensiveindustry工作歧視discriminationinworkplace高消耗highconsumption高投入highinvestment沿襲……模式tocontinuewiththemodelof…住房抵押貸款residentialmortgageloan分期付款topaybyinstallments信貸緊縮creditsqueeze利率interestrate找工作tohuntforajob;job-hunting招聘廣告thewantads職位position;post;jobvacancy/opening求職信applicationletter個人簡歷resume;CV填寫申請表tofillin/outapplicationform接受職位toaccept/takethepost接任職位totakeovertheposition工作面試jobinterview職業前景job/careerprospects就業機會jobopportunity工資待遇payoffer津貼allowance帶薪假paidvacation傷殘保險disabilityinsurance失業保險unemploymentinsurance培訓咨詢trainingconsultancy專業技能professionalexpertise腦力勞動mentalwork體力勞動labour/physicalwork手工勞動manuallabour/work工作時間workingtime加班toworkovertime;overtime夜班nightshift零工oddjob證券securities資產assets利潤profit供需平衡balancebetweensupplyanddemand供求關系supplyanddemandrelation供過于求supplyexceedsdemand通貨緊縮deflation通貨膨脹inflation基本建設/基礎設施infrastructure生活標準/生活水平livingstandard購買力purchasingpower;buyingpower短缺shortage不發達的underdeveloped發展中的developing持續、快速和健康的經濟發展sustained,rapidandsoundeconomicdevelopment四大國有銀行thefourmajorstate-ownedbanks支票cheque/check轉賬/過戶totransfer存錢todepositmoney取錢towithdrawmoney貨幣money;currency發行issue現金cash零錢change鈔票/紙幣banknote;note;bill匯率/兌換率exchangerate利息interest保險insurance抵押mortgage稅制taxationsystem征稅/納稅taxation個人所得稅individualincometax免稅的tax-free納稅人taxpayer股票市場stockexchange股份/股票share;stock股息/紅利dividend房地產realestate經濟適用房economicallyaffordablehouse廉租房low-renthouse旅游地理地理geography華東EastChina華南SouthChina西部地區westernregion中西部地區centralandwesternregions;midwest地形地勢terrain海拔/高度elevation大陸continent平原plain高地plateau;highland低地lowland盆地basin山mountain山峰peak山區mountainousarea沿海地區coastalregion沿海港口coastalport島嶼island半島peninsula山谷/峽谷valley;canyon海峽channel;strait黃河theYellowRiver長江theYangtzeRiver五岳theFiveMountains泰山MountTai西湖Westlake絲綢之路theSilkRoad文化古跡culturalrelics建筑architecture長城theGreatWall故宮theImperialPalace;theForbiddenCity天壇theTempleofHeaven國家博物館nationalmuseum鐘樓belltower鼓樓drumtower胡同Hutong大運河GrandCanal蘇州園林Suzhougardens景點touristattraction;scenicspot名勝古跡placesofinterests避暑勝地summerresort森林公園forestpark自然保護區naturereserve自然景觀naturalscenery壯麗河山magnificentscenery淡水湖freshwaterlake古典山水園林classicallandscapegarden皇家園林royalgarden中外游客touristsfromhomeandabroad游樂園amusementpark植物園botanicalgarden度假totakeavacation;togoonholiday門票(entrance)ticket星級酒店star-ratedhotel保存最完好的best-preserved原址originalsite高峰期rushhour人山人海/人滿為患overcrowded;tobepackedwithovercrowdedpeople翻山越嶺toclimbmountainsandhills受到……的熱烈歡迎tobewarmlywelcomedby…位于tobelocatedin/at省會provincialcapital水域面積waterarea三面環山tobesurroundedbymountainsonthreesides全長……公里tostretchfor…km/kilometers面貌煥然一新totakeonacompletelynewlook豐富知識toenrichone’sknowledge開闊視野tobroadenone’shorizons擴大知識面toenlargethescopeofknowledge培養獨立性tocultivateindependence運輸工具meansoftransportation公共交通publictransport地鐵站subwaystation候車室waitingroom護照passport簽證有效期validityofvisa散客individualvisitor團體游客groupvisitor環境災害氣候climate環境保護environmentalprotection環境問題environmentalproblem/issue環境污染environmentalpollution污染物pollutant全球變暖globalwarming溫室效應greenhouseeffect廢水wastewater;pollutedwater廢氣pollutiongas;exhaustgas白色污染whitepollution霧霾天氣smogweather沙塵天氣sandanddustweather提高全民環保意識toraiseenvironmentalawarenessamongstthegeneralpublic節能減排energy-savingandemission-reduction;energyconservationandemissionreduction預防為主、防治結合policyofpreventioninthefirstplaceandintegratingpreventionwithcontrol環境產品environment-friendlyproduct一次性產品disposableproduct開發可再生資源todeveloprenewableresources高能耗產業energy-intensiveindustry生態環境theecologicalenvironment水土流失waterlossandsoilerosion水土保持waterandsoilconservation降雨量rainfall物種滅絕theextinctionofbio-species先污染后治理toexertcontrolafterpollution碳減排carbonemissionreduction溫室氣體greenhousegasemission二氧化碳carbondioxide新能源汽車greencar汽車尾氣motorvehicleexhaust發動機排量enginedisplacement零排放車輛zero-emissionvehicle小排量汽車small-displacementcar資源枯竭depletionofresources能源危機energycrisis原油crudeoil油價飆升oilpricessurge可代替能源alternativeenergy清潔能源cleanenergy新型能源newtypeenergy回收利用torecycle垃圾分類garbageclassification可回收的recyclable不可回收的unrecyclable處理todispose低碳城市化道路wayoflow-carbonurbanization城市化urbanization瀕臨滅絕/失傳tobeonthevergeofextinction/loss珍稀瀕危物種rareandendangeredspecies稀有物種rarespecies防護林帶shelterbelt森林覆蓋率forestcoveragerate改善土壤soilimprovement地質災害geologicaldisaster災難catastrophe;tragedy;disaster不幸misfortune傷亡人員casualty傷亡人數deathtoll臺風typhoon火山爆發volcaniceruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought教育普及教育universaleducation素質教育qualityeducation；quality-orientededucation應試教育examination-orientededucation九年義務教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation學前教育preschooleducation初等教育elementaryeducation小學elementaryschool；primaryschool初中juniorhighschool高中seniorhighschool希望工程ProjectHope學齡兒童school-ager失學兒童dropout課業負擔academicburden學生減負alleviatetheburdenonstudents入學率enrollmentrate適齡兒童入學率enrollmentrateforchildrenofschoolage高考university/collegeentranceexamination高等教育highereducation高等學府institutionofhighereducation綜合性大學comprehensiveuniversity文科院校collegeof(liberal)arts理工科大學college/universityofscienceandengineering師范學院normalcollege軍校militaryacademy大學城collegetown象牙塔ivorytower校園文化campusculture高校擴招thecollegeexpansion助學貸款studentloan;educationalloan受過良好教育的well-educated大學生undergraduate研究生graduatestudent；postgraduate（student）應屆畢業生graduatingstudent；currentyear’sgraduate考研totaketheentranceexamsforpostgraduateschool讀研toattendgraduateschool畢業典禮graduationceremony畢業論文agraduationpaper畢業實習graduationfieldwork;togooutoninternships授予學位toconferanacademicdegreeonsb.博士學位doctor’sdegree碩士學位master’sdegree學士學位bachelor’sdegree在職博士生on-jobdoctorate就業難toughemployment緩解就業壓力toalleviateemploymentpressure中專生studentsofsecondaryvocationalschool擴大招生人數toenlargeschoolenrollment/recruits升學率proportionofstudentsenteringschoolsofahighergrade高分低能highscoresandlowabilities填鴨式教學crammingmethodofteaching培訓班trainingclass走讀生extern;non-residentstudent住校生boarder課外活動extracurricularactivity必修課required/compulsorycourse選修課elective/optionalcourse基礎課basiccourse專業課specializedcourse專業知識specializedknowledge開設課程toofferacourse課程表schoolschedule教學大綱teachingprogram;syllabus學分制creditsystem補考make-upexamination學年schoolyear師資力量teachingfaculty推進素質教育topushaheadwitheducationforall-arounddevelopment基本實現教育現代化tobasicallymodernizeeducation招生就業指導enrollmentandvocationguidance競爭激烈fiercecompetition評價體系evaluationsystem選拔官員/人才toselectofficials/talents出國留學tostudyabroad海外留學生overseasstudent;internationalstudent文盲illiteracy;illiterate繼續教育continuing/furthereducation終身學習life-longlearning自學考試self-studyexamination夜間大學eveninguniversity電視大學openuniversity成人夜校nightschoolforadults在職進修班on-jobtrainingcourses遠程學習distancelearning充電toupdateone’sknowledge教育界educationcircle教育投入inputineducation教育公平fairness/equalityineducation教育資源educationresource教師資源teacherresource分配不均衡unevenlydistribute/allocate教學設施teachingfacility縮小城鄉教育差距tobridge/narrowtheeducationalgapbetweenruralandurbanareas輟學率dropoutrate科技科技發展scientificandtechnologicaladvancement/development新興學科emergingdiscipline生物技術bio-technology克隆cloning基因工程geneticengineering空間實驗室spacelaboratory航天飛機shuttle衛星satellite探測器detector軟件software網絡世界cyberworld網絡文化cyberculture網絡犯罪cybercrime信息革命informationrevolution電子貨幣e-currency人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)虛擬銀行virtualbank電子商務e-business;e-commerce網絡出版e-publishing個人信息泄露leakageofpersonalinformation搜索引擎searchengine網頁瀏覽webbrowsing即時消息instantmessage視頻電話videophone文件傳輸documenttransmission在線社區onlinecommunity社交模式socialnetworking網上沖浪tosurfontheInternet信息時代informationage信息爆炸informationexplosion高科技產品high-techproduct電子設備electronicdevice智能手機smartphone;intelligenthandset創新innovation研發researchanddevelopment核心技術coretechnology電訊telecommunication硬件hardware網民netizen活躍用戶activeuser對……上癮tobe/getaddictedto…計算機病毒computervirus虛擬世界virtualworld網上購物onlineshopping消費理念consumptionconcept大眾媒體massmedia出版商publisher電子版electronicversion娛樂資訊entertainmentinformation三維電影three-dimensionalmovie在線娛樂onlineentertainment當地新聞localnews簡訊briefnews獲取信息toobtaininformation收視率audiencerating垃圾信息spammessage騷擾電話harassingcall社會生活基本國策abasicnational/statepolicy制定政策tomakeapolicy（政策）生效/開始實施tocomeintoforce/effect晚婚晚育latemarriageandlatechildbirth搞好優生優育topromotegoodprenatalandpostnatalcare穩定低生育水平tostabilizethelowbirthrate推行可持續發展戰略topursuethestrategyofsustainabledevelopment簡化審批程序tosimplifyapprovalprocedures行政管理administrativemanagement違反規定toviolatearule/regulation少數名族ethnicminority過快增長excessivegrowth急劇下降tobeonthesharpdecline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparselypopulated人口基數/密度/分布populationbase/density/distribution人口出生率birthrate人口增長的高峰期babyboom人口素質qualityofthepopulation人口老齡化agingofpopulation人口流動populationmobility老齡化社會agingsociety醫療服務medicalservice滿足基本需求tosatisfybasicneeds社會效益socialbenefit健康管理healthmanagement應運而生toappearaccordingly;toemergeasrequired/needed普通市民ordinaryresident物價上漲risingprice家政服務業homeservicesindustry建筑工地constructionsite農產品agriculturalproduct愛情告白toexpress