WordsandExpressions新人教選擇性必修三Unit4AdversityandCourageadversity

[?d?v??s?ti]n.困境;逆境meetwith/encounteradversity

遇到逆境adverseconditions不利條件adverseeffect不良反應(yīng)inadilemma處于窘境，進退兩難introuble處于麻煩中inneed/indanger在危難中adverse

adj.不利的;相反的;敵對的dilemma

n.(進退兩難的)窘境;困境逆境出人才。

Adversitymakesamanwise.只有遇到真正的逆境，我們才知道自己是誰。

Wedon’tknowwhoweareuntilwehavefacedrealadversity.她克服了逆境實現(xiàn)了她的夢想。Sheovercameadversitytoachieveherdreams.他在逆境中表現(xiàn)出極大的勇氣。Heshowedgreatcourageinadversity.

wage

[we?d?]n.工資/vt開始、發(fā)動、進行（戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)斗等）wageatradewarwithChina與中國開展貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)weekly/hourlywage周薪/時薪offer/pay/raiseawage

提供/支付/上調(diào)工資1.wage通常指按周領(lǐng)取的工資、工錢；2.income指收入、收益、所得；3.pay指工資、薪水；4.salary通常指按月發(fā)放的薪水、薪金2.bitter

adj.adj.嚴(yán)寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的

?bittercold嚴(yán)寒?bittertears/abitterexperience辛酸的眼淚/痛苦的經(jīng)歷③

bitterquarrels激烈的爭論bitterly adv.痛苦地bitterness n.苦味，悲痛bitter

[?b?t?(r)]adj.嚴(yán)寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Theweatherwillsoonpassfromthisbittercoldtomorespring-liketemperatures._____________2.Sheissaidtobeverybitteraboutthewayshewasfired._____________3.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction._____________4.Icouldn’thavegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.（2011

陜西）_____________嚴(yán)寒憤憤不平的/充滿怨恨的（味道）苦的痛苦的良藥苦口Goodmedicineisbitterinthemouth.讀后續(xù)寫：我好幾周都沉浸在憤怒和痛苦中。Ihavebeenoverwhelmed/overcomebyangerandbitternessforweeks.無靈主語：Angerandbitterness

haveoverwhelmed/overcomemeforweeks．expedition

[?eksp??d??n]n.探險;遠征;探險隊explorationn.探險goonanexpeditionto...去...探險5.endurance

n.忍耐力；耐久力

endurev.忍受;持續(xù)

endurableadj.能忍耐的；可忍受的---unendurableadj.無法忍受的enduredoingsth忍耐做某事vigour

[?v?ɡ?(r)]n.精力;力量;活力vigourousadj.精力充沛的

=energetic

vigorously/energetically

adv.精力充沛地;活潑地=energybefullofvigor/energy充滿活力定期鍛煉可以使我們精力充沛。Regularexercisecanhelpusbefullofenergy/vigour

.turnsb.down

拒絕(某人)；調(diào)低（音量）turnsb.down拒絕(某人)turndown/uptheTV降低(調(diào)高)電視的音量turntosb./sth.求助于某人，轉(zhuǎn)向某物turninyourhomework交作業(yè)turnon/off打開/關(guān)閉按鍵sb./sth.turnout(tobe)原來是itturnsout+that從句,原來...asitturnedout,adv.事實證明refuse;rejectqualified[?kw?l?fa?d]adj.符合資格;具備……的知識bequalifiedfor...可勝任……bequalifiedtodosth.有資格做某事have(no)qualificationsfor(doing)...(沒)有(做)……的資格have(no)qualificationstodo(沒)有(做)……的資格qualify vt.符合資格qualification n.資格，資歷quality n.質(zhì)量【單句語法填空】1)Thereisnodoubtthathehasqualifications________(do)thework.2)He’sbeeninformedthathedoesn’tqualify________thescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.3)JusttellMikewhoeverhasagoodknowledgeofphysicsandhistoryis____________(qualify)fortheposition.4)Thereisnodoubtthathehas____________(qualify)todothework.5)Thetestwillqualifyyou__(drive)the

newcar.todoforqualifiedqualificationtodriveenthusiastic[?n?θju?zi??st?k]adj.熱情的;熱心的beenthusiasticabout(doingsth.)對(做某事)熱情/感興趣withenthusiasm

熱情地haveenthusiasm/passionfor熱衷于...loseenthusiasmfor

失去對.....的熱情enthusiasmfor(doing)sth.對(做)某事熱情enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地enthusiasm n.熱情enthusiast n.愛好者【即學(xué)即練】1)I

amlessenthusiastic

theideaof

attendingtheexpert'slectureonSunday.2)AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaserious

illnessforyears,shelostnoneofher

(enthusiastic)forlife.3)我女兒對做志愿工作很熱心,所以她馬上報名。Муdaughter

doingthe

voluntarywork,soshesignedupstraightaway.aboutenthusiasmwasenthusiasticaboutaboard/??b??d/adv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)beaboardtheplane/ship在飛機/船上goabroad出國athomeandabroad國內(nèi)外形近：abroad[??br??d]adv.到國外;去國外;在國外11.cupboard[?k?b?d]:n.櫥柜;壁櫥;衣柜cup[k?p]：n.杯子;茶杯;獎杯board[b??d]:n.板子;地板;董事會assign[??sa?n]vt.分派;布置;分配雙賓：assignsb.sth.＝assignsth.tosb.分配給某人某物assignsb.tosth.指派某人(做)某一項工作賓補：assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事assignsb.as+職務(wù).指派某人擔(dān)任某職務(wù)assignmentn.分配，任務(wù)assign[??sa?n]vt.分派;布置;分配1.They’veassignedtheirbestmantothejob. ___________2.Theteacherhasassignedeachofusaholidaytask. ___________3.Youwillneedtocompletethreewrittenassignmentspersemester.___________在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.WhenItaught,Iwouldassignatopic________childrenwhichtheywouldwriteabout.2.Ourfirst____________(assign)wastoreadtwoshortstoriesandthendiscusswhichonewasbetter.（2011湖南）assignment選派分配書面作業(yè)tosteward[?stju??d]:n.(輪船/飛機/火車上的)男乘務(wù)員;男服務(wù)員stewardess[?stju???des]:n.女乘務(wù)員;女服務(wù)員 servant[?s??v?nt]:n.仆人;傭人;公務(wù)員;passenger[?p?s?nd??]：n.乘客;旅客envy[?envi]n.&vt.羨慕;妒忌envysb.sth.羨慕某人某事envysb.doingsth.羨慕某人做某事beenviousof羨慕envious adj.嫉妒的enviously

adj.嫉妒地envy[?envi]n.&vt.羨慕;妒忌enviousenviouslywinningof

出于嫉妒，他幾乎不和Tom說話。Outofenvy,hehardlytalkwithTom.crush[kr??]vt.毀壞;壓壞;壓碎n.擁擠的人群acrushingdefeat一次慘敗acrushingblow一次沉重的打擊crushedpeanuts花生碎haveacrushonsb.(短暫的)迷戀某人(不熟識的人)acrushofpeople擁擠的人群crushing

adj.毀壞性的crushed

adj.被壓碎的crush[kr??]vt.毀壞;壓壞;壓碎n.擁擠的人群1.Eggscrusheseasily.

雞蛋容易_____。2.Thisdresscrusheseasily.

這件衣服容易______。3.Herrefusalcrushedallourhopes.

她一拒絕,我們的希望全都_____了。4.Theboxwascrushedwhenthecarranoverit.

汽車碾過箱子時把它給______了。壓碎

起皺

破滅

輾壞

crush[kr??]:vt.毀壞;壓壞;壓碎

n.

擁擠的人群crash[kr??]：

v./n.墜毀;猛撞;碰撞;撞擊crowd[kra?d]：n.人群;群眾;觀眾

v.擁擠;擠滿;塞滿sink[s??k]vi.沉沒;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉沒n.洗碗池sinkintothesea/anger陷入,沉入sinktothebottomofthesea

沉入海底besunk/lostinthought陷入沉思中sb'sheartsinks某人心沉了下去（指心情沮喪）asinkingfeeling不詳?shù)母杏X,沮喪之情(sank/sunk--sunk)sink[s??k]vi.沉沒;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉沒n.洗碗池一、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Thefishfoodwillgraduallysink_____________thebottomofthetank.2.Shesankback_____________herseat,tired.3.Shejustsatthere,sunk______________thought.二、根據(jù)所給提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Thekidswatchedasthecoin___________________________（沉入池底）.2.______________________（她心里一沉）asshereadtheresults.

tointoinHerheartsanksanktothebottomofthepoolabandon[??b?nd?n]vt.舍棄;拋棄;放棄n.放任；放縱abandononeselfto沉溺/縱情于beabandonedto沉溺于abandondoingsth.放棄做某事withabandon放縱地近：desert/giveupabandonedadj.被遺棄的；放縱的；廢棄的abandonmentn.離棄；遺棄abandon[??b?nd?n]vt.舍棄;拋棄;放棄n.放任；放縱寫出下列句子中畫線部分精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義。1.Thematchwasabandonedbecauseofbadweather. ___________2.Thesearchforthemissingsailorswasabandonedaftertwodays.___________3.Fearingfurtherattacks,mostofthepopulationhadabandonedthecity.___________4.Themarketmightabandonthestock,andknockdownitsprice.

__________5.Asharedbikeisleftabandonedatabusstop. ___________adj

被遺棄的放棄/終止離棄清理取消

【即學(xué)即練】1)MrJohnsonlived

inthewoodswithhiswife

andchildren.Heowned

afarm,whichlooked

almost

(abandon).2)Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyourhealth.Don'tabandonyourself

thiskindofpleasure.3)Badcustomsandlawsought

to

,sincetheyareinappropriateforthe

developmentofthesociety.4)People

were

shoutingandcheering

abandonafterthematch.5)Weabandoned

(carry)

outtheplanforlackofmoney.6)Thosewho

can’tsucceed.那些沉溺于電子游戲無法自拔的人不會成功。

abandonedtobeabandonedwithcarryingabandonthemselvestocomputergamesstove[st??v]:n.爐具;廚房灶具stonen.石頭cook[k?k]：v.煮;烹飪;烹調(diào)

n.廚師;炊事員cooker[?k?k?]：n.炊具;廚具blanket[?bl??k?t]:n.毯子carpet[?kɑ?p?t]：n.地毯ablanketoffog/snow/cloud厚厚的一層霧/雪/云belongings[b??l????z]n.[pl.]財物;動產(chǎn)belongto屬于（無被動）personalbelongings個人財物asenseofbelonging歸屬感同類表達：savings積蓄/earnings工資/leavings剩飯/surroundings環(huán)境/remains剩余物,殘留物,遺跡,遺體belong vi.屬于belongings[b??l????z]n.[pl.]財物;動產(chǎn)①Whenhejoinedtheclub,hefeltasenseof

(belong).②Someofthestampsbelong

me,whiletherestarehisandhers.③Theoldhouse

(belong)tomygrandfatherisstillingoodcondition.④Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengersto

whentheyleavethecar.

belongingtobelongingtaketheirbelongingsbanjo/?b?nd???/n.班卓琴(樂器)playthebanjo彈班卓琴miserable/?m?zr?bl/adj.痛苦的;令人難受的miserablyadv.痛苦地;悲慘地miseryn.痛苦；悲慘amiserablecoldday令人難受的寒冷天氣這部話劇是個可悲的失敗。Theplaywasamiserablefailure.voyagen.&vi.航海；航行

(pl.voyages)avoyageinspace航天goonavoyagearoundtheworld

做一次環(huán)游世界的旅行trip:n.旅行(常指短途旅行)journey:n.旅行;旅程(主要指時間較長、距離較遠的陸上/水上/空中的旅行)tour:n.旅游;觀光(距離可長可短)travel:n.旅行

(泛指旅行的行為)22.navyn.海軍；海軍部隊

(pl.navies)jointhenavy參加海軍jointhearmy參加陸軍jointheairforce參加空軍ChineseNavydecent

/?di?snt/adj.相當(dāng)不錯的;正派的;得體的adecentplacetolive

adecentjob/salary/jobcosy/?k??zi/adj.溫馨的;舒適的（cozy）cosilyadv.舒適地（cozily）cosinessn.舒適；安逸（coziness）25.selfishadj.自私的

selfishlyadv.自私地;任性地selfishnessn.自私selflessadj.無私的selflesslyadv.無私地Itbeselfish/selflessofsbtodo...某人做什么是自私的/無私的26.good/bad-tempered

adj.脾氣好的/壞的getverybad-tempered愛發(fā)脾氣genuine/?d?enju?n/adj.真正的;真誠的;可信賴的genuinelyadv.真誠地近：sincerely/honestlyagenuineperson誠實可信的人genuineconcernforothers對他人真誠的關(guān)心perseverance/?p??s??v??r?ns/n.毅力;韌性;不屈不撓的精神perseverevi.堅持；孜孜以求perseverantadj.鍥而不舍的withperseveranceadv.堅持不懈地面對逆境表現(xiàn)出極大毅力

showgreatperseveranceinthefaceofadversitiespersevereindoingsth.堅持做某事perseverein

one’sstudy堅持不懈地學(xué)習(xí)perseverance/?p??s??v??r?ns/n.毅力;韌性;不屈不撓的精神決心、信心和毅力是成功的三大主要因素。Determination,confidenceandperseverancearethethreemainfactorsforsuccess.他孜孜不倦地學(xué)習(xí)小提琴。Heperseveredinlearningviolin.resolve/r??z?lv/vi.&vt.決定;決心;解決(問題或困難)n.決心;堅定的信念resolutionn.決議；解決；堅定表“解決”：solve,settle,workout,figureoutresolvetodosth.決定做某事resolveondoingsth決定做某事resolveanissue/aconflict/acrisis解決問題/沖突/危機strengthenone's

resolvetodosth堅定某人做...的決心makearesolutiontodosth.決定做某事resolution[?rez??lu??n]n.決議;解決;堅定寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Barnetwasdesperateformoneytoresolve

hisfinancialproblems.___________2.Thegovernmentispressingforanearlyresolutionoftheconflict.

___________3.TheymadearesolutiontolosealltheweightgainedduringtheChristmasperiod. ___________4.Theresolutionwaspassedbyatwo-thirdsmajority.___________

解決解決決心決議resolution[?rez??lu??n]n.決議;解決;堅定reportresolution

atoberesolved30.crewn.(輪船/飛機等上面的)全體工作人員；

專業(yè)團隊；一群人staffn.全體職工/雇員majorityn.大多數(shù)minorityn.少數(shù)(作主語謂語可用單也可用復(fù))cruel/?kru??l/adj.殘酷的;殘忍的;冷酷的crueltyn.殘忍，殘酷，不公cruellyadv.殘酷地Itiscrueltodosth.做某事是殘酷的becrueltosb/sth對某人/物殘忍的我無法忍受虐待動物的人。Ican’tstandpeoplewhoarecrueltoanimals.thorough/?θ?r?/adj.深入的;徹底的;細(xì)致的thoroughlyadv.徹底地;完全地thoroughnessn.徹底性；完全athoroughknowledgeof…對……了解透徹那份報告全面深入，給我留下了深刻的印象。Iwasimpressedbythethoroughnessofthereport.furniture/?f??n?t??(r)/n.家具（un.）furnishvt.為……配備家具；提供furnishedadj.配備家具的apiece/anitemoffurniture一件家具asetoffurniture一套家具befurnished/

equipped

with配備著...fortunately[?f??t??n?tli]adv.幸運地makeafortune發(fā)財，賺錢seek/tryone'sfortune

碰運氣fortune

n.運氣，財富fortunateadj.幸運的fortunatelyadv.幸運地misfortunen.不幸unfortunateadj.不幸的unfortunatelyadv.不幸地fortunately[?f??t??n?tli]adv.幸運地aFortunatelyUnfortunatelytovisitbark

/bɑ?k/vi.&n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫聲rugby

/?r?ɡbi/n.橄欖球運動bat

/b?t/n.球拍;蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板擊球;揮打;拍打damp/d?mp/adj.潮濕的;濕氣重的dampnessn.潮濕dampenv.弄濕--damp弄濕recreation/?rekri?e??n/n.娛樂;消遣;游戲recreationaladj.娛樂的；消遣的近：amusement/entertainmentguidance[?ɡa?dns]n.指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo);導(dǎo)航guidedtour 有導(dǎo)游的旅行parentalguidance 家長指引undertheguidanceof...

在...的指引下undersb.’sguidance在某人的指導(dǎo)下withouttheguidanceofsb.沒有某人的指導(dǎo)provideguidance提供指導(dǎo)personalguidance親自指導(dǎo)guidevt.指導(dǎo)，影響(某人的行為)；指導(dǎo)n.指南，手冊，向?qū)uidance[?ɡa?dns]n.指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo);導(dǎo)航①Withoutthe

(guide)oftheoutstandingsculptor,hecouldn'thavemadeidealsculptures.②

hissister’sguidance,heislikelytocompletetheproject.③Ifyouseekhim,hewill

．④Alltheactivitiestakeplace

anexperiencedteacher.

guidanceUnderprovideguidanceundertheguidanceofnephew

/?nefju?/n.侄子;外甥niece侄女a(chǎn)dvertising/??dv?ta?z??/n.廣告活動;廣告業(yè)advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告advertisern.廣告商，廣告公司advertisementn.廣告advertisefor...為征求...而登廣告我們學(xué)校正在網(wǎng)上等廣告要招聘一名英語老師。OurschoolisadvertisingforanEnglishteacheronline.corporate

/?k??p?r?t/adj.公司的;法人的;社團的corporationrough/r?f/adj.洶涌的;粗糙的;粗略的roughlyadv.大約;粗暴地roughnessn.粗糙；凹凸不平形近：tough[t?f]adj.艱難的/棘手的navigatev.導(dǎo)航；確定（船、汽車等）的位置navigation[?n?v??ɡe??n]n.導(dǎo)航;領(lǐng)航;航行navigatorn.領(lǐng)航員；航行者/?n?v?ɡe?t?/aroughdeal不公平的待遇rough一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Becausetheareasusedforplayingfieldsareoftenroughandrocky,millionsofrealballsgoflatwithin24hours.（2013湖南）

__________2.TheAtlanticOceanhaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasionsroughandwild;alwaysitisstrongandstriking.（2013重慶改）__________3.Thefirstyearwasrough,butthingshavegottenbetter.__________4.Wewereonlyabletomakearoughestimateofhowmuchfuelwouldberequired. _________高低不平的風(fēng)浪大的艱難的大致的/粗略的loyal[?l???l]adj.忠誠的;忠實的beloyalto對...忠誠loyal adj.忠誠的loyalty n.忠誠disloyal adj.不忠的motor

/?m??t?(r)/n.發(fā)動機;馬達adj.有引擎的;機動車的motorvehiclescandidate

/?k?nd?d?t/n.候選人;應(yīng)試者makefire

生火beonfire著火了catchfire著火setsth.onfire＝setfiretosth.放火；放火燒某物playwithfire玩火；冒險putoutafire滅火makefire

生火①Inordertoscarethewildanimalsaway,we

whenthenightfell.

為了把野獸嚇跑，我們在夜幕降臨時生火。②Thepolicehaven’tfoundoutwho

thestorehouse.

警方還沒查出是誰放火燒了倉庫。③Don’tstandtooclosetothatstove.Yourclothesmay

．

不要站得太靠近那個火爐，你的衣服可能著火。④Atlastthefiremen

inCalifornia.

消防員終于撲滅了在加利福尼亞州的一場森林大火。

madefiresetfiretocatchfireputoutabigforestfiregiveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)giveout發(fā)出/分發(fā)；公布；用盡givein屈服、讓步；上交giveup投降；放棄；讓出giveaway泄露；贈送；喪失汽車每天釋放出很多有害氣體。Carsgiveoffmuchpoisonousgaseveryday.完成句子(1)Shedecidedtogivetheseoldclothes________.(2)Itisn’tmine;Imustgiveit________totheowner.(3)Hewillsoongive____becausehecannotwinthegame.(4)TheEnglishteachergave___________theexaminationpapersat7:50．(5)Ican’tanswerthatpuzzle;Igive________.awaybackupout/awayup/inepisode

/?ep?s??d/n.(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷;(小說的)片段;插曲commitment[k??m?tm?nt]n.承諾;保證;奉獻commitacrime/suicide/murder犯罪/自殺/謀殺commitoneselftodoingsth.承諾；保證做某事becommittedtodoingsth.致力于/全心全意地投入去做某事makeacommitmentto...對……作出承諾makeacommitmenttodosth.承諾/許諾做某事commitvt.犯罪，承諾committed

adj.忠誠的commitment

n.承諾commitment[k??m?tm?nt]n.承諾;保證;奉獻寫作同義異構(gòu)：你還能想到哪些表示“專注于/致力于做某事”的表達？belostindevoteoneselftofocusonbeoccupiedinbe

absorbed

indevote…tobeinvolvedinbeengagedinbededicatedtosthburyoneselfinbeemployedindoingsthconcentrateon

【即學(xué)即練】1)Asformymajor,IwillchooseMedcine,which,Iknow,isalong-term

(commit)andadecision.

2)Jackwasagoodmanwho

(commit)tohisfamilyaswellastohiswork.3)TheCanadiangovernmentiscommittedto

(advance)theequalityintheuseof

EnglishandFrench.4.總理向全國人民承諾將會采取措施控制二氧化碳的排放量。ThePrimeMinister

thathewould_________________controltheemissionofcarbondioxide.commitmentwascommittedadvancingmadeacommitmenttothenationtakemasurestomotive/?m??t?v/n.動機;原因;目的motivatev.使有動機；激發(fā)積極性；刺激motivationn.動力，