結構專業STRUCTUREPagePAGE1ofNUMPAGES8a.LOAD荷載b.GROUNDBASEANDFOUNDATION地基及基礎c.REINFORCEMENTCONCRETESTRUCTURE鋼筋混凝土結構d.STEELSTRUCTURE鋼結構e.DESIGNFORANTISEISMIC抗震設計f.GENERALWORDSFORDESIGN設計常用詞匯g.GENERALWORDSFORCONSTRUCTION施工常用詞匯a.Load荷載拔力pullingforce標準值standardvalue殘余應力residualstress沖擊荷載impactload,punchload殘余變形residualdeformation承壓bearing承載能力bearingcapacity承重bearing,loadbearing承重結構bearingstructure脆性材料brittlematerial脆性破壞brittlefailure抵抗力resistingpower,resistance吊車荷載craneload分布荷載distributedload風荷載windload風速windvelocity,windspeed風壓windpressure風振windvibration浮力buoyance,floatage符號symbol,mark負彎矩negativemoment,hoggingmoment附加荷載additionalload附加應力additionalstress副作用sideeffect,by-effect剛度rigidity剛度比ratioofrigidity剛度系數rigidityfactor剛接rigidconnection剛性節點rigidjoint恒載deadload荷載傳遞transmissionofload固端彎矩fixed-endmoment活荷載liveload積灰荷載dustload集中荷載concentratedload加載,加荷loading剪力shear,shearingforce剪切破壞shearfailure剪應變shearstrain剪應力shearstress簡支simplesupport靜定結構staticallydeterminatestructure截面模量modulusofsection,sectionmodulus靜力staticforce靜力分析staticanalysis局部壓力localpressure,partialpressure局部壓屈localbulkling絕對值absolutevalue均布荷載uniformlydistributedload抗拔力pullingresistance抗剪剛度shearrigidity抗剪強度shearstrength,shearingstrength抗拉強度tensilestrength抗扭torsionresistance抗扭剛度torsionalrigidity抗彎bendingresistance抗彎剛度bendingrigidity抗壓強度compressivestrength,compressionstrength可靠性reliability可靠性設計reliabilitydesign拉力tensileforce拉應力tensilestress,tensionstress拉應變tensilestrain,tensionstrain臨界點criticalpoint臨界荷載criticalload臨界應力criticalstress密度density離心力centrifugalforce摩擦力frictionforce摩擦系數frictionalfactor撓度deflection內力internalforce,innerforce扭矩momentoftorsion,torsionalmoment疲勞強度fatiguestrength偏心荷載eccentricload,non-centralload偏心距eccentricdistance,eccentricity偏心受拉eccentrictension偏心受壓eccentriccompression屈服強度yieldstrength使用荷載workingload水平力horizontalforce水平推力horizontalthrust彈塑性變形elastoplasticdeformation彈性elasticity,resilience,spring塑限plasticlimit彈性變形elasticdeformation塑性變形plasticdeformation彈性模量modulusofelastic,elasticmodulus體積volume,bulk,cubature,cubage土壓力earthpressure,soilpressure彎矩bendingmoment,moment彎曲半徑radiusatbent,radiusofcurve位移displacement溫度應力temperaturestress溫度作用temperatureaction系數coefficient,factor雪荷載snowload壓應變compressionstrain壓應力compressionstress應力集中concentrationofstress預應力prestressingforce,prestress振動荷載vibratingload,rackingload支座反力supportreaction自重ownweight作用action,effect作用點pointofapplication,applicationjointb.GroundBaseandFoundation地基及基礎板樁sheetpile,sheetingpile板樁基礎sheetpilefoundation飽和粘土saturationclay冰凍線frostline,freezinglevel不均勻沉降unequalsettlement,differentialsettlement殘積土residualsoil沉積物deposit,sediment沉降settlement沉降差differenceinsettlement沉降縫settlementjoint沉井sinkingwell,sunkwell沉箱caisson持力層bearingstratum沖積alluviation錘夯hammertamping檔土墻retainingwall,breastwall底板baseslab,baseplate,bedplate地板floorboard地基groundbase,ground地基承載力groundbearingcapacity地基處理groundtreatment,soiltreatment地基穩定basestabilization地梁groundbeam,groundsill地漏floordrain地下工程substructurework,understructurework地下室basement,cellar地下水groundwater地下水位groundwaterlevel,watertable地下水壓力groundwaterpressure地質報告geologicreport墊層bedding,blinding獨立基礎isolatedfoundation,individualfoundation端承樁end-bearingpile筏式基礎raftfoundation粉砂silt,rockflour粉質粘土siltyclay粉質土siltysoil扶壁式檔土墻buttressedretainingwall腐蝕corrosion覆土earthcovering剛性基礎rigidfoundation溝蓋板trenchcover固結consolidation灌注樁cast-in-placepile,castinsitepile護坡slopeprotection,revetment護樁guardpile環墻ringwall灰土limeearth回填backfill,backfilling回填土backfill,backfillsoil混凝土找平層concretescreed火山灰水泥trasscement基槽foundationtrench基礎foundation,base基礎底板foundationslab基礎埋深embeddeddepthoffoundation基礎平面圖foundationplan地基勘探siteexploration,siteinvestigation基坑foundationpit集水坑collectingsump階形基礎steppedfoundation結合層bindingcourse,bondingcourse井點wellpoint井點排水wellpointunwatering開挖excavation,cutting勘測explorationandsurvey勘測資料explorationdata瀝青bitumen,asphalt,pitch聯合基礎combinedfoundation卵石cobble,pebble埋置embedment毛石基礎rubblefoundation錨筋anchorbar錨樁anchorpile密實度compactness,density,denseness摩擦樁frictionpile,floatingpile粘土clay粘質粉土claysilt碾壓rollercompaction,rolling排水drainage,dewatering排水溝drainageditch排水孔weephole,drainhole排水設備dewateringequipment普通硅酸鹽水泥ordinaryPortlandcement群樁groupedpiles容許沉降permissiblesettlement容許承載力allowablebearing軟土softsoil砂墊層sandbeddingcourse,sandcushion砂土sandysoil,sands砂質粉土sandysilt設備基礎equipmentfoundation水泥攪拌樁cementinjection素土夯實rammedearth,packedsoil碎石樁stonecolumns彈性地基elasticfoundation彈性地基梁beamonelasticfoundation填方fill,filling填土earth-fill,earthfilling,filling條形基礎stripfoundation土方工程earthwork挖方excavationwork,excavation箱形基礎boxfoundation壓實compaction,compacting壓實系數compactingfactor驗槽checkoffoundationsubsoil預制混凝土樁precastconcretepile中砂mediumsand重力式檔土墻gravityretainingwall樁承臺pilecap鉆孔樁boredpile鉆探explorationdrilling,drilling,最終沉降finalsettlementc.ReinforcementConcreteStructure鋼筋混凝土結構板縫slabjoint板厚thicknessofslab板式樓梯crankedslabstairs板跨度spanofslab薄壁結構thin-walledstructure薄腹梁thinweddedgirder保護層protectivecoating臂式吊車boomcrane,boomhoist邊梁edgebeam,boundarybeam變截面variablecross-section變形縫movementjoint變形鋼筋deformedbar初凝initialsetting,pre-setting次梁secondarybeam大型屋面板precastribbedroofslab單層廠房one-storiedfactory單筋梁beamwithsinglereinforcement單跨singlespan單向板one-wayslab墊塊cushionblock墊梁templatebeam吊車梁cranebeam,cranegirder頂棚抹灰ceilingplastering端跨endspan,tailbay多跨連續梁multi-spanbeam翻邊upstand反梁upstandbeam分布鋼筋distribution-bar封閉式箍筋closedstirrup附加鋼筋additionalbar剛架rigidframe,stiffframe鋼筋reinforcement,steelbar,bar鋼筋表BarSchedules鋼筋籠steelreinforcementcage鋼筋間距spacingofbars,barspacing鋼筋網bar-matreinforcement,meshreinforcement鋼筋磚reinforcedbrick勾縫jointpointing構架frame,gallows構件member,structuralmember構造construction構造鋼筋constructionalreinforcement構造柱onstructionalcolumn,tiecolumn構筑物structure箍筋hoopreinforcement,hooping箍筋間距stirrupspacing固定端fixedend,retainedend固端梁fixed-endbeam,fixedbeam過梁lintel,breastsummer混凝土強度等級gradeofconcrete機制磚machine-madebrick剪力墻shearwall簡支梁simplysupportedbeam經濟跨度economicspan經濟配筋率economicratioofreinforcement勁性鋼筋stiffreinforcement勁性鋼筋混凝土結構steelcompositeconstruction徑向鋼筋radialreinforcement抗剪鋼筋shearreinforcement抗拉鋼筋tensionreinforcement受壓鋼筋compressionreinforcement可見裂縫visiblecrack刻痕鋼絲indentedsteelwire坑pit,hollow,delve空斗墻rowlockcavitywall,rolockwall空心板hollowslab空心磚隔墻hollowtilepartition跨度span框架frame框架剪力墻結構frame-shearwallstructure拉接鋼筋tiebar欄桿railing,banister欄桿立柱railingpost老化aging累積誤差accumulatederror肋形樓板ribbedfloorslab冷拔低碳鋼絲cold-drawnlow-carbonwire冷脆性coldshortness,coolingbrittleness冷彎coldbending冷軋coldrolling離析segregation梁墊beampad,template,pad梁撓度beamdeflection樓梯斜梁string,stringer螺旋樓梯spiralstair,windingstaircase馬鞍形殼saddleshell錨固anchoring門框,門樘doorframe門式剛架portalframe面磚,墻面磚facingtile,walltile耐火混凝土fire-resistingconcrete排架bent,bentframe女兒墻parapetwall,parapet配筋率reinforcementratio配箍率stirrupratio砌塊block圈梁ringbeam,tiebeam,bondbeam山墻gable深梁deepbeam伸縮縫expansionjoint實腹梁solidwebgirder實腹柱solidwebcolumn豎向鋼筋verticalreinforcement雙向配筋two-wayreinforcement素混凝土plainconcrete筒中筒結構tube-in-tubestructure網狀鋼筋steelmeshreinforcement圍堰cofferdam,coffer無梁樓蓋flatslab,flatplate系梁tiebeam預應力鋼筋混凝土prestressedreinforcedconcrete預應力構件prestressedcomponent預制prefabrication預制板precastslab預制構件prefabricationcomponent預制裝配式結構prefabricatedconstruction折板foldedplate,foldedslab折板結構folded-platestructure主筋mainreinforcement,mainbar主梁mainbeam,girder柱距columnspacing,postspacing裝配式結構fabricatedstructure縱梁longitudinalbeam縱剖面longitudinalsection縱向鋼筋longitudinalbard.SteelStructure鋼結構薄壁型鋼light-gaugesteelsection,hollowsteelsection不等肢角鋼unequalanglesteel槽鋼channel,channelsteel背對背角鋼組合anglesbacktoback不銹鋼stainlesssteel除銹rust-removal粗制螺栓roughbolt,blackbolt帶鋼stripsteel,bandiron單面焊singleweld,one-sidewelding地腳螺栓foundationbolt,anchorbolt,holdingdownbolt點焊spotwelding,pointwelding電動葫蘆electrichoist等邊角鋼equalangle,equallegangle對接焊,對焊buttwelding腹板webplate,web腹桿webmember腹板加勁件webstiffener桿rod,bar鋼板steelplate鋼管steeltube,steelpipe鋼桁架steeltruss鋼框架steelframe鋼梯,爬梯steelladder高強度螺栓highstrengthbolt格構柱latticecolumn工字梁I-girder,I-beam工字鋼I-steel工字形截面I-shapedcross-section焊縫weldingseam焊接welding焊接長度weldlength焊條weldingrod桁架truss紅丹底漆redleadprimer紅丹漆redleadpaint加勁肋stiffeningrib,ribstiffener加勁板stiffeningplate角鋼anglesteel節點joint,node節點板gussetplate,gusset節點位移jointdisplacement節間長度panellength緊固螺栓clampbolt,fasteningbolt精制螺栓turnedbolt可焊性weldability空腹桁架open-webtruss空間桁架spacetruss肋板ribbedpanel,ribbedslab連接板connectingplate,jointplate檁條purline螺母screwnut,nut螺栓bolt螺栓孔bolthole螺紋screwthread,thread螺紋長度lengthofthread螺紋鋼screw-threadedsteel,twistedsteel拉桿tierod,tensionrod滿焊fullweld鉚釘rivet錳鋼manganesesteel噴砂sandblasting輕鋼結構lightweightsteelconstruction三角架tripod上弦topchord,upperchord上弦橫向水平支撐upperlateralbracing上弦縱向水平支撐upperlongitudinalbracing平面桁架planetruss實腹剛架solidwebrigidframe塔架pylonbent特種鋼specialsteel調和漆mixedpaint貼角焊filletweld,filletwelding托架bracket網架結構gridstructure屋架rooftruss,principal無縫鋼管seamlesssteelpipe系桿tierod,tiebar,tie下弦bottomchord,lowerchord下弦橫向水平支撐bottomlateralbracing斜撐diagonalbrace,diagonalbracing型鋼sectionsteel,shapedsteel懸索suspendedcable,suspensioncable壓力焊pressurewelding仰焊overheadwelding,invertedwelding翼緣flange翼緣板flangeplate,coverplate軋制型鋼rolledsteelsection支撐bracing,strutting鑄鐵管castironpipe組合槽鋼built-upchannel組合截面built-upsection,compoundsection自動焊接automaticweldinge.DesignforAntiseismic抗震設計鞭梢效應whippingeffect場地類別siteclassification場地土sitesoil單自由度體系single-degreeoffreedomsystem底部剪力法equivalentbaseshearmethod地震earthquake,seism地震烈度earthquakeintensity,seismicintensity地震烈度區劃圖mapofseismicintensityzoning地震影響系數seismicinfluencecoefficient地震作用earthquakeaction多自由度體系multi-degreeoffreedomsystem反應譜responsespectrum抗震earthquakeresistance抗震縫seismicjoint,aseismicjoint抗震構造aseismicconstruction抗震設防earthquakefortification抗震設計seismicdesign共振resonance基本周期foundamentalperiod里氏震級Richtermagnitude烈度intensity設計近震designnearearthquake設計遠震designfarearthquake時程分析法timehistorymethod液化liquefaction振型vibrationmode振型分解法modalanalysismethod震源earthquakefocus震中earthquakeepicenter自由度degreeoffreedom自振周期naturalperiodofvibrationf.GeneralWordsforDesign設計常用詞匯安裝installation,erection報價offer,quotedprice報價單quotation壁柱pilaster,muralcolumn變更alteration,variation,modification變形deformation標高elevation,level標準standard,criterion標準大樣standarddetail標準圖standarddrawing補充規定additionalregulations補充說明additionalremarks補充條件supplementaryconditions不對稱asymmetry布置arrangement,layout布置圖layoutplan,layout材料material材料表billofmaterials材料強度strengthofmaterials參見詳圖referringtodetaildrawing參考點referencepoint參數parameter操作平臺operatingplatform草圖sketch,draft,roughdrawing側向剛度lateralrigidity側向穩定lateralstability側向約束lateralrestraint側向支撐lateralbracing,sidebracing拆除demolition,removal長細比slendernessratio廠房factorybuilding,millbuilding超靜定staticalindetermination承包contract承包商contractor等效截面equivalentsection底標高bottomelevation電梯lift,elevator,electriclift電梯井elevatorhoistway,liftwell,liftshaft電梯機房elevatormachineroom方案scheme,plan,programme方案設計schematicplan方案圖schematicdrawing防爆explosionprotection,explosion-proofing防潮層damp-proofcourse防凍freezingprevention,frostprotection防凍劑antifreezecompound防腐preservation防腐劑preservative,preservativeagent防滑slip-resistance防滑處理deslickingtreatment防滑條non-slipinsert防火fireprevention,fireproofing防火材料fireproofmaterial防火分區firecompartment防水waterproofing防水材料waterproofmaterial防水砂漿waterproofmortar防酸acidproofing方形square防銹rustprevention防銹劑anti-rustagent防振vibrationprotection分配系數distributioncoefficient風化weathering,efflorescence風向winddirection附圖attacheddrawing附注note,annotation高層建筑high-risebuilding高差differenceinelevation高跨比ratioofrisetospan高寬比depth-widthratio高聳結構high-risestructure隔斷partition,divider工程project,engineering工程量quantities工程量表billofquantities工業廠房industrialfactorybuilding工業建筑industrialarchitecture公稱直徑nominaldiameter公式formula公司company,corporation拱arch共振resonance,sympatheticvibration管架piperack規范regulation,code規格specifications,standards規模scale,scope國家規范nationalregulation國家標準nationalstandards合同contract橫向變形transversedeformation橫向剛度lateralrigidity化工廠chemicalplant貨梯freightelevator,goodslift極限承載能力ultimatebearingcapacity紀要summary計算書calculationsheet技術資料technicaldata剪刀撐,交叉撐X-brace,crossbrace簡圖sketch,diagram簡支梁simplebeam交叉intersection,crossing交點intersectionpoint鉸接hingedconnection,hingejoint,pinconnection結構變形structuraldeformation結構圖structuraldrawing結構形式structuralstyle結構穩定性structuralstability結論conclusion,verdict截面section界限limits,bounds,demarcationline緊急出口emergencyexit精確度accuracy,precision,excatitude,局部破壞localfailure,partialfailure矩形rectangular抗凍frostresisting抗風柱windresistancecolumn立面elevation,facade粒徑particlediameter連續梁continuousbeam兩鉸拱two-hingedarch裂縫rift,crack,crevice樓梯stair樓梯間staircase樓梯扶手stairrail樓梯凈空stairheadroom樓梯平臺,休息平臺landing,pace,stairlanding樓梯坡度pitchofstair,slopeofstair樓梯踏步stairstep鋁合金aluminumalloy鋁合金窗aluminumalloywindow民用建筑civilarchitecture摩擦friction耐火等級fireresistancerating耐久性durability,endurance爬梯catladder疲勞破壞fatiguefailure頻率frequency平面布置planlayout平臺terrace,platform,deck平臺欄桿platformrailing剖面section剖面圖sectionaldrawing侵蝕corrosion,erosion傾覆overturning,toppling人孔manhole容許誤差allowableerror,permissibleerror容許值permissiblevalue,allowablevalue曬圖blueprinting上部結構superstructure設計要求designrequirements設計資料designdata伸縮縫expansionjoint室外樓梯exteriorstair,outsidestairway雙向板two-wayslab水平撐horizontalbrace踏步step踏步板tread彈簧spring填充材料fillingmaterial填充墻fillerwall挑板cantileverslab挑檐projectingeaves,overhangeaves停車場carpark,parkinglot通用構件standardmember通用圖standarddrawing通用詳圖standarddetail統一標準unifiedstandards統一構件unifiedstructureelement投標bid,tender招標bidding圖集collectivedrawings,collectionofdrawings圖簽titleblock溫差temperaturedifference穩定性stability,steadiness污水處理sewagedisposal,sewagetreatment先張法預應力pretensionedprestressing現行標準currentlyeffectivestandards詳圖,大樣detaildrawing,detail橡膠止水帶rubberwaterstop消防firefighting,fireprotection斜率slope卸荷unloading卸貨平臺dischargingplatform,unloadingplatform懸臂cantilever懸臂板cantileverslab懸臂梁cantileverbeam,overhangingbeam懸掛hangingsuspension壓縮機compressor壓縮模量modulusofcompression延性ductility,ductileness業主client,owner一覽表table,schedule,list有效截面effectivesection預應力損失lossofprestress,prestressingloss圓形circularshape,round圓柱circularcolumn,roundcolumn約束confinement,restraint,constraint約束條件constraincondition展開圖developeddrawing棧橋landingstage,loadingbridge罩棚awning折減系數reductionfactor折算高度reducedheight支座support,pedestal直爬梯verticalladder止水帶waterstop中和軸neutralaxis重心centerofgravity周期period,cycle轉彎半徑turningradius轉動慣量rotationalinertia裝卸平臺loadingandunloadingplatformg.GeneralWordsforConstruction施工常用詞匯拌和料mixture標準級配standardgrading補強strengthening,stiffening測量survey,measurement拆模formremoval尺寸dimension,size抄平leveling處理treatment搭接lapjoint,lapping,overlapjoint搭接長度splicinglength打底bedding,priming打夯,夯實ramming,tamping打樁piledriving,piling,driving粗砂coarsesand搗實rodding,tamping地質勘測geologicalexploration,geologicalsurvey吊裝hoisting定位locating,positioning堆料區stackingarea洞口opening放大enlargement,amplification放線settingout放樣lofting,settingout分層夯實compactioninlayers分層回填back-fillinginlayers蜂窩麻面voidsandpits改建reconstruction,alteration改造transformation,remodeling鋼模steelmould鋼套管steelthimble,steelsleeve工廠預制構件factory-madecomponent骨料,集料aggregate骨料級配gradationofaggregate骨料粒徑aggregatesize貫入度penetration灌漿grouting,groutjection和易性workability后張法post-tensioningmethod含水量watercontent,moist