閱讀七選五專練（二）

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A

LearningtoGiveaPepTalk（打氣）

Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalk

thatturnsaroundafriend'soutlook.However,givingagoodpeptalkisn'

teasy.1.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand,butalsostress

theotherperson'sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostop

talking.

〃Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk,buttheyarejust

sayingwhattheywouldwanttohear,〃saysStacyKaiser,apsychotherapist

（心理治療師）inLosAngeles.

Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo,askhimwhatactions

hehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinkstheywillbebeneficial.

“Don'tjumprightinandinsist'You*IIbefine,'HsaysKaiser.2.

Repeattheperson'sconcernsoutloud,sohefeelsheard.Then,show

yourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestoget

throughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.

3.Youcan'tguaranteesuccess,butyoucanremindtheperson

thathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.

Atlast,Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop."4.Don'targue

ifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead,tellhim'Iam

sorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime,'andthenbackdown."

Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.

Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod."Timingis

everything.wThereisatimetogiveapeptalk,andthereisatimetojust

listen.5.

A.Letyourfriendhavehismoment

B.Giveyourpeptalksandthenshutup

C.Arguingwithyourfriendmakesnosense

D.Showyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissad

E.Heisn'tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneed

F.Itrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneeds

G.Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明如何給他人鼓舞士氣。

1.選Fo根據下文"Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand,butalso

stresstheotherperson'sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostop

talking.〃可知空格處是說給人鼓舞士氣，要了解你的聽眾需要什么。分

析選項可知F項（它需要了解你的聽眾需要什么）符合語境。

2.選Do根據空格前"Don'tjumprightinandinsist'You'llbefine,'〃以及

空格后的"Repeattheperson'sconcernsoutloud,sohefeelsheard.〃可推

斷出D項〃讓你的朋友知道你理解他為什么難過〃符合語境。

3.選G。根據空格后的“Youcan'tguaranteesuccess,butyoucanremind

thepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgotten

throughit.〃并分析選項可知G（記住鼓舞士氣的話是關于希望的，這一

點很重要）符合語境。

4.選Bo根據空格的上句"Atlast,Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhento

stop."以及下文"Don'targueifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouare

saying.Instead,tellhim'Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime,7and

thenbackdown.〃可知B項（給人打氣，適時閉嘴）與本段意義一致，且B

項中的"shutup〃與空格前的"knowwhentostop〃為同義詞組，是詞義復

現。

5.選Ao根據空格前的“Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk,andthereisa

timetojustlisten.〃可知A項（讓你的朋友享受他的時刻）符合語境。

B

Humourisaphenomenoninfluencedbyculture.Itcanbedifficultto

determinewhataspectsformacertainsenseofhumour.Howfunny

somebodyfindsacertainincidentdependsonmanyaspectsincludingage,

personalexperience,levelofeducationandgeographicallocation.A

nation?ssenseofhumourislinkedtothehistoricaldevelopmentofthe

country.1

Butwhataboutwhenbothcountriesspeakthesamemothertongue?

Willtheythensharethesamesenseofhumourorcandifferencesstill

occur?Let,staketheexampleofBritainandAmerica.2Towhat

degreeisthistrue,ifatall?

Recentresearchprovesthattherearetwomajordifferencesbetween

BritishandAmericansenseofhumour.3However,it'snotsharedby

Americans.Forexample,ifaBritishmanlosthisnewandfavouritemobile

phoneinthetoilet,hejustsay“Welldone!That'sjustwhatIneed.〃

4Andthatkindofjokesiscallednegative（消極的）humourby

researchers.Britishmenandwomenuseitonadailybasis,whileitisnot

thecaseofAmericanhumour.WhatAmericansdon'tunderstandisthe

needtouseitsofrequently.WhenAmericansusenegativehumour,they

tendtostatethattheywere“onlykidding".

AlthoughtheBritishreallydohaveauniquesenseofhumour,quite

differenttoAmericanhumour,theycanbothappreciatetheother'ssense

ofhumour.Therefore,someshowsdescribealifestylewhichboth

AmericansandtheBritishalikecanrelateto.5

A.Britishjokestendtohaveahiddenmeaning.

B.Thushumourcan'talwaysbeconveyedinanothercountry.

C.AmericansandtheBritishoftensharethesamesenseofhumour.

D.Humourcontrarytowhatyouwanttosayisregardedastypically

British.

E.Theotherdifferenceishowfrequenttojokeaboutthedarksideoflife.

F.PeoplesayAmericansandtheBritishhardlyunderstandeachother's

jokes.

G.ComediesTheOffice(UK)andTheOffice(USA)gainpopularityonboth

countries.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英美幽默的差異。

1.選B。此空位于本段末尾，結合空前一句"Anation'ssenseofhumour

islinkedtothehistoricaldevelopmentofthecountry.”和本段第一句

“Humourisaphenomenoninfluencedbyculture.”可推次口，土匕處為,更名吉

性推論。故選B項。

2.選Fo才艮據下文〃Recentresearchprovesthattherearetwomajor

differencesbetweenBritishandAmericansenseofhumour.”可知F項〃人

們說美國人和英國人幾乎不能明白對方的笑話“符合語境。

3.選D。才艮據空后的"However,it'snotsharedbyAmericans.〃可才隹知，此

空應是與英式幽默有關；再根據下文所舉的一個英國男士丟手機后的

反應的例子可知，D項符合語境。

4.選E<>承接上文"Recentresearchprovesthattherearetwomajor

differencesbetweenBritishandAmericansenseofhumour."可知，山匕處

表示另外一個英美之間幽默的差異，且結合下文“Andthatkindofjokes

iscallednegativehumourbyresearchers."可推知，此空應選E項。

5.選Go承接上文“Therefore,someshowsdescribealifestylewhichboth

AmericansandtheBritishalikecanrelateto.〃可推知，空處應是舉了一

個例子，對上文的觀點進行進一步的說明。故選G項。

C

Fivesimplethingsthatareactuallycomplex

Theprooffor"l+l=2"isover300pageslong.

1Intheearly20thcentury,BertrandRussellwantedtoprove

thatmathematicsworked,sohedecidedtostartwiththesimplestconcept

andprove1+1=2.However,ittookthemathematicianandphilosopher

372pagesofcomplexsums.

Definingtheword"the"isreallydifficult.

Theword"the"isoneofthemostcommonwordsinEnglish.2

Forexample,whydowesay,“Ihavetheflu,"butnota\havethe

headache?〃lntheOxfordEnglishDictionary,therearealmosttwodozen

differentwaysthewordcanbeusedinasentencecorrectly.

Yawning.

Somepeoplesayweyawntokeepusalert（警覺的）bytakingin

oxygen.However,variousexperimentshaveshownthatyawningactually

coolsdownthebrain.3Asforwhyyawningiscontagious（感染性

的），nooneknowsthateither.

Leftandrighthavebeenconfusingphilosophersforyears.

Wouldyouexplaintheconceptofleftandrightintermsofyour

relativepositiontoawell-knownlandmark（地標性建筑）?4It*sa

questionthathasbeenpuzzlingphilosophersforyearsbecause,withouta

pointofreference,it'sdifficulttodefinewhatleftandrightactuallyare.

5

You'dthinkthatthereasonweenjoythingsisbecauseitfeelsgood

insomeway,butit'sonlyhalfthestory.There'safamousexperiment

wherewineexpertswerefooledintothinkingacheapbottleofwinewas

anoutstandingonejustbyswitchingthelabels.Theirenjoymentofthe

productwasn'tbasedonappreciationofwine-itwasbasedonthefact

thattheyweretolditwasgoodwine.

A.Whatyoufeelmaynotbethetruth.

B.Weenjoythingsforreasonsotherthanenjoyment.

C.Butwhatifyouweretalkingtoonewhocouldn'tsee?

D.Weallknowthatoneplusoneequalstwo,butdoyouknowwhy?

E.Infact,thereisnouniversallyagreedtheoryforwhyweactuallyyav/n.

F.Maybeyou'drefertothemoveoftheEarthorsomethingcomparably

huge.

G.Mostofushaveprobablyneverstoppedtothinkabouthowstrangea

worditactuallyis.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章向我們介紹了五個看似簡單，但實

際上很復雜的事。

1.選Do根據段落主旨句Theprooffor/zl+l=2nisover300pageslong可

知，這一段主要講述的是1+1=2的問題。D項符合段落主旨，且以問句

的形式引出下文關于1+1=2這個問題的具體內容。

2.選Go該段落主要講述的是英文單詞the的定義和用法。G項談論

我們中的大多數人可能從來沒有停止思考這個詞到底有多奇怪。選項

中的aword指代的是段落主旨句中的〃the”,故選項符合段落主旨，且

能夠引起下文，下文通過例子講述了這個詞的用法到底有多奇怪。故選

Go

3.選E。本段主要講述的打哈欠的問題。E項中的yawn與段落主旨句

Yawning呼應，符合段落主旨，討論的是打哈欠的問題。故選E。

4.選Co*艮據下文It'saquestionthathasbeenpuzzlingphilosophersfor

years可知，空格處應該是一個問題。C項與本段主旨一致，討論的是

看不見的人如何區分左邊和右邊。

5.選Bo才艮據You/dthinkthatthereasonweenjoythingsisbecauseit

feelsgoodinsomeway,butit'sonlyhalfthestory可知，本段主要講的

是我們到底為什么喜歡某件事物。B項符合文意。

【規律方法】

七選五的解題技巧

1.先讀文章的開始部分，明確文章的基本話題，然后仔細閱讀五個空

各自的前后句尋找并畫出關鍵詞。（一名（名詞）袋（代詞）鼠（數詞）很特殊

（特殊疑問詞），連（連詞）蹦（動詞）帶跳很彪（標點/標題）悍。）

2.要對文章中出現的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯

銜接、邏輯銜接、結構銜接。可按這幾個原則判斷原文的空與選項是

否匹配。

3.一旦確定一個選項，就要在該選項上做出標記（例如可以刪掉），以避

免干擾和分散注意力。

4.將選項代入到文章中重讀，依據行文邏輯，再次確定選項。

D

rmalwayssurprisedwhenIhearthestatisticsabouthowlittletime

kidsspendoutside.Onestudyfoundchildrenarespendinglessthanhalf

theamountoftimeoutdoorsthantheydidjust20yearsago.

1Allthatoutsidetimeisn'tjustabouthealthandexercise,

thoughthat'scertainlytrue.Severalstudiesalsohavelinkedoutsidetime

tohighertestscores,loweranxietyandaggression,morecreativityand

improvedattentionspans.2Researcherslookatthreeprimary

schoolsinSouthWalesthatadoptedanoutdoorlearningprogram,with

teachersworkingoutsidewithstudentsatleastonehouraweekandcome

tothisconclusion.

3ElizaMinnucci'skindergartenclassthereengagesinForest

Mondays,duringwhichthestudentsspendthewholedayinthewoods,

rainorshine.It'samorecurriculum-basedversionoftheLand,an

outdoorplaygroundinEngland,whichallowskidstoexperiment,build

dams,andevenbuildfiresinthewoods.

Sowhathavetheresultsbeen?Mostlypositive."Kidsareso

resourcefulouthere,"Minnuccisaid.〃4Weteachthemdiscrete（互

不相關的）skillsandfactsandtheyputthemtogetherlater.That'sagood

waytolearn,butit'snotthewaytheworldworks,"shesaid.〃5In

theplace,theyneedtothinkabouthowtobuildadamwithothersand

atthesametime,thinkaboutstayingdryandstayingwarm.

Consideringallthegoodevidencethatbeingoutsideisgreatformind

andbody—aswellastestscores—itseemslikethiskindofeducationis

anaturalnextstepforteachers.

A.Myownchil