第1頁(yè)（共1頁(yè)）2025年廣東省深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷（一）第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1．（7.5分）?Whataregeysers？Geysersaretypesofhotspringswhichperiodicallyshootacolumnofsteamingwaterhighintotheair.TheyoccurinareasofvolcanicactivitywherehotlavaisfoundclosetotheEarth'ssurface.ThenamecomesfromtheIcelandicverbgeysa，togush.?Howdogeyserswork？Geysersonlyformunderveryspecificconditions.Theremustbeamplegroundwater，anundergroundheatsource；andaplumbingsystem'madeupofreservoirsandverticalpassagesorpipes'throughwhichheatedwatertravelsonitswaytotheEarth'ssurface.CoolwaterontheEarth'ssurfacetricklesdownthroughporous（多孔滲水的）rock.Asitapproachestheheatsource（hotrocksoramagmachamber）itisheatedtoextremelyhightemperaturesandstartstorisethrougha"pipe".Thewaterwouldusuallyturntosteambutitsdepth，plustheweightofcoolerwateraboveit，createswhatiscalledaconfiningpressurethatpreventsthesuperheatedwaterfromboilingandturningtosteam.Asthewaterrisesthispressurelessensandsteamfinallyformsandistrappedinthereservoir.OvertimethepressureinthereservoircontinuestobuilduntilthesteamforcesthewaterupwardsthroughthepassagetothesurfaceoftheEarthwhereiteruptsthroughaventinaspectacularcolumnofsteamingwater.The'plumbingsystem'ofageyser?Wherearegeysersfound？Geysersarerare，withonlyaround1，000activeworldwide.TheyoccurintheUnitedStates（US），Russia，Chile，NewZealandandIceland.Someeruptalmostpredictablyincyclesofminutes，hoursordays，andsomehaveyearsbetweeneruptions.ThetallestactivegeyserintheworldisSteamboatGeyserinYellowstoneNationalPark（US）whichcanshootwatermorethan90metresintotheair.Unfortunately，ithasonlydonesofivetimesfrom2003to2013.（1）Thediagramhelpsto.A.givemoredetailedexplanationsofthetermsinthetextB.provideadditionalinformationthroughagraphicC.illustratewhygeysersareunpredictableD.showtheinformationinthetextinagraphicform（2）Whatisthecorrectorderofeventsastheyoccurintheformationofageysereruption？①magmaheatswater②steampressureliftswater③watercollectsinareservoir④groundwaterpenetratesrock⑤waternoisesinapipeA.④①③⑤②B.④①⑤③②C.①⑤③④②D.⑤④③①②（3）Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom？A.Asciencefiction.B.Aresearchplan.C.Anencyclopedia.D.Atraveljournal.2．（10分）GilbertWhitemadeextensiveobservationsofthenaturalworldinthe1770s.Ratherthanstudydeadspecimens，asmany"naturalists"beforehim，Whiteobservedplantsandanimalsintheirnaturalsettings，makinghimoneoftheearlyecologistsinBritain.Becauseofthetimeatwhichhelived，hewasnotfullyawareofcertainphenomenasuchasbirdmigration，althoughhesuspectedsuchthingsoccurred.Throughhiswriting，manybiologistsweregivenaninsightintotheperceptionofthenaturalworldbeforetechnologicaladvancements.Asakeenobserverofbirds，hedistinguishedbetweendifferentspeciesbasedontheirsongs，withoutusingtelescopes.White'sobservationsincludedseasonaldata，suchasbud﹣burstandfloweringofcommonplants，whichherecordedinTheNaturalHistoryandAntiquitiesofSelborne—acollectionofletterstotwogreatscientistsofthetime.Thisbookhashadmorethan200editionsandisreputedtobe—aftertheBible，theworksofShakespeareandPilgrim'sProgress—thefourthmostpublishedbookintheEnglishLanguage.Itwaspublishedin1789andsincethenhasneverbeenoutofprint.Thebookcontains110lettersspanning20years.Inaletter，datedMay20，1777，Whitediscussedearthworms，stating："Earthworms，thoughinappearanceasmallandinsignificantlinkinthechainofnature，yetiflost，wouldtriggermajorecologicalimbalance."Healsohighlightedtheirroleaspromotersofvegetation，notingtheiractivitieslikemakingholesinthesoil，creatingpathways，andproducingbeneficialwastethroughwormcasts（蚯蚓糞）.Itisquiteremarkablethathere，fromwritingsofnearly250yearsago，Whitereferstomanyactivitiesofearthwormsthatwe，asscientistsandgardeners，nowtakeforgrantedandcontinuetoinvestigateingreaterdetail.（1）WhatmadeGilbertWhitedifferentfrompreviousnaturalists？A.Hisapproachtostudyingnature.B.Hischoiceofobservationaltools.C.Hisattitudetopreservingspecies.D.Hisfocusoncontrolledenvironments.（2）WhyaretheBibleandtheworksofShakespearementionedinparagraph4？A.Tocomparetheirhistoricalsignificance.B.TosuggesttheirinfluenceonWhite'sbook.C.TohighlightthepopularityofWhite'sbook.D.Toillustratetheconnectionsbetweenclassics.（3）Whatroledoearthwormsplayinnature，accordingtoGilbertWhite？A.Theyimprovesoilhealth.B.Theycontrolinsectpopulations.C.They'retoosmalltoimpactplants.D.They'reinsignificanttoecosystems.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？A.Whitecouldhaveinvestigatedingreaterdetail.B.White'sworkisgreatenoughtobereferenced.C.Whitelinkedhisobservationstopracticaluses.D.White'sinsightsarestillnewtoscientistsnow.3．（10分）Therehavebeenconcernsthatvideogamesmightdamageourmentalandphysicalwell﹣being.Recently，moreresearcheshaverevealedtheseworriesarelargelyunfounded.Nevertheless，thereexistsadeep﹣seatedideathatplayingthemrotsyourbrain—it'seasytoviewthemasanunproductivewasteoftime.Butinreality，istheoppositethecase？Foryears，"brain﹣training"gamesandappshavebeenconvincedtobeaneffectivewaytoboostourcognitive（認(rèn)知的）abilitiesorintelligence，asit'sthoughtthatbyplayingaseriesofquickfirepuzzlesfocusingonthingslikememoryorspatialawareness，overtimeourabilitiesintheseareaswillimprove；theoretically，sowillourgeneralintelligence.Fromaresearchviewpoint，thekeyliesinwhetherplayingthesesortsofgamesresultsin"transfer"effects—"near"and"far"transfereffects：neareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingonememorygameresultsinimprovementsinothermemorygames，whereasfareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingthatgameresultsinageneralimprovementincognitiveabilities.Somestudieshavepointedoutbrain﹣traininggamesshowweakneareffects.Asforfareffects，there'snoconvincingevidencethishappens.However，thingsgetinterestingwhenbrain﹣traininggamesarecomparedwithvideogames.Ina2015studycomparingthebrain﹣traininggameSmartPwiththevideogameMazix，researchersfoundSmartPplayersdidn'tshowboostsinproblem﹣solvingandspatialskills，butMazixplayersdid.Morerecently，in2020，researchersinSwedenstudieddatafromsome9，000childrenandfoundthatkidsaged9or10whoplayedvideogamesforabove﹣averageamountsoftimedidn'tshowanydifferencesinintelligencecomparedwiththoseplayingless.Twoyearslater，theydiscoveredthatby12，thekidsplayingvideogameshad2.5moreIQpointsthanaverage.Whyvideogamesresultinimprovementsincognitiveabilitiesovermoretargetedgamesisn'tclear.Oneargumentistodowiththeamountoftimeinvested：whereasbrain﹣trainingappstendtodelivermini﹣gamesoverashorttime，videogameshaveplayersengagedandrequiresustainedlevelsofattentionandproblem﹣solving.Despitesomepromisingfindings，it'scurrentlyunsafetosaythatvideogamesmakeussmarter.Meanwhile，videogamescanofferbothadvantagesandrisks，soit'simportanttobecautiousandavoidmakingquickjudgments.（1）Whatdopeopleusuallythinkofbrain﹣traininggames？A.Theyareawasteoftime.B.Theycanimproveourintelligence.C.Theyareeasilyaccessible.D.Theymayenhanceourconcentration.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutMazixplayers？A.Theydemonstratedsignsoffareffects.B.Theyhadagreattalentforvideogames.C.Theyexhibitedboostsingamingskills.D.Theyprovedtheimportanceofneareffects.（3）Whatdoesthestudyin2020reveal？A.ThelimitedeffectsofageonIQpoints.B.Thenegativeimpactsofvideogames.C.Theadvantagesofplayingmoregames.D.Thebenefitsofvideogamesovertime.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.DoBrain﹣trainingGamesReallyWork？B.VideoGamesorBrain﹣trainingGames？C.CouldVideoGamesMakeUsSmarter？D.ShouldWeStopPlayingVideoGames？4．（10分）Achallengeofteachingmathematicsratherthan，say，historyisthatthehomeworkisalothardertocomeupwith.Afterall，"WasHenryVIIIagoodking？"isareasonablequestiontoaskeitheraclassroomofnine﹣year﹣oldsoralecturetheatreofpostgraduates.But"Solvethisquadraticequation（二次方程式）"wouldleavetheclassroomnonplussedandthelecturetheatreunimpressed.Mathsislearnedbydoinganddesigningaproblemthatiseasyenoughtobeaccessible，yethardenoughtobesatisfying，isabigheadacheinitself.Partlyforthisreason，booksthatsuccessfullycommunicatehowmathematiciansthink，butareaimedatthosenotalreadyinthefield，arebothvaluableandrare.NowSirDavidSpiegelhalter，professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofCambridge，hasaddedtothecategorywithTheArtofUncertainty.Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians，foritstopicisuniversal：howtoanalysechance，uncertaintyandrisk.Ifanewvirusisrunningwildandthemajorityofdeathsareamongthosewhohavereceivedanewervaccine（疫苗），isthatevidencethatthevaccinationprogramisharmful？Howmuchoftopfootballteams'performancecomesdowntoluckratherthanskill？ProfessorSpiegelhalter'sexplorationofsuchquestionsisdelightful.First，heusesthemtoillustratebroaderideasabouthowprobabilityandstatisticswork.SoadiscussionofvaccinesafetyproceedstoBayes'stheorem，aprocedureforimprovingone'sjudgmentofprobabilitiesasnewevidencecomestolight.ThejoyofProfessorSpiegelhalter'sapproachisthathereachesthisdeeptruththroughnothingmorethansomeintuitive（直覺(jué)的）assumptionsandverysimplemaths.Mostimportant，though，isProfessorSpiegelhalter'sskillatcommunicatingtheseideas.Muchofprobabilityandstatisticscangoagainstourintuition，andthemathsbehinditisoftenfearsome.Butthisisnotadifficultbooktoreadorunderstand.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nonplussed"inparagraph1probablymean？A.Impressed.B.Inspired.C.Confused.D.Amused.（2）WhatisthebiggestsellingpointofTheArtofUncertaintyaccordingtotheauthor？A.Itcastslightonmaththoughts.B.Itcoversvarioustopics.C.Itmakessensetoordinarypeople.D.Itsatisfiesmathsprofessionals.（3）WhydoestheauthormentionBayes'stheoreminparagraph3？A.Toprovethereliabilityofintuition.B.Torevealthebook'sacademicnature.C.Tounderlinethedeeptruthofjudgement.D.TodemonstrateSpiegelhalter'swritingapproach.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Amasterofmathteaching.B.Abookonintuitiveassumptions.C.Adiscussionofriskmanagement.D.Aguidetounderstandingprobability.第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。5．（12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Socrates，therenownedancientGreekphilosopher，famouslystated，"Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving."（1）Hebelievedtruewisdomandpersonalgrowthcouldn'tbeachievedinanunexaminedlife.TheSocraticMethod，namedafterSocrateshimself，isaformofcooperativedialoguewhereoneasksaseriesofopen﹣endedquestionstoguideanothertowardinsightandunderstanding.Forexample，imagineateacherdiscussingmoralitieswithstudents.Theteachermaynotexplainwhatis"right"or"wrong".（2）Andfollowupwithquestionslike，"Whydoweconsidersomeactionsfairandothersunfair？"Throughthisquestioning，studentsareledtothinkmorecriticallyandexaminetheirownvaluesandassumptionsratherthanjustacceptingthepredeterminedanswers.（3）Whenyouaskyourself，forinstance，"Whydoyoubelievethis？"or"Whatevidencesupportsyourthinking？"，youareencouragedtoconsiderwhetheryourbeliefsaretrulyyourownorinfluencedbyexternalfactors.Thisprocessofquestioningleadstoself﹣reflection，helpingindividualsbetterunderstandtheunderlyingmotivationsbehindtheirthoughtsandactions.Self﹣reflectionislikehittingthepausebuttononlife.（4）Anditalsolookscloselyatyourownthoughts，feelings，andexperiences.Anunexaminedlife，however，isonewherepeoplegothroughthemotionswithouteverquestioning.Livinganunexaminedlifeissimilartocoastingonautomaticpilot，whereonesimplyacceptssocialstandardswithoutcriticallyevaluatingthem.Inthiskindoflife，you'resweptalongbysociety'sexpectations.（5）Itseemsasifyou'relivingsomeoneelse'sscriptwithouteverwritingyourown.A.Itgivesyouamomenttostepback.B.Youarebarelyawareofyourowndesires.C.Sotheycanfollowa"right"or"fair"action.D.Youarealwaysstuckinyourownceaselesswork.E.TheSocraticMethodisapowerfultoolforself﹣examination.F.Instead，heorshemightask"Whatdoesitmeantoactmorally？"G.Thispowerfuldeclarationservesasacalltodigdeeperintoone'sownthoughts.第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完形填空?閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。6．（15分）Venicehaslongsufferedunderthepressureofovertourism，leadingtoendangeredheritagesites.Nowadays，itislaunchinga（n）（1）campaigntoinformvisitorsofapilotprogramannouncedlastyear.Day﹣tripperstothecanalcityofVenicewhofailtopay5eurosto（2）thecity'shistoriccenterwillface（3）startingat10timestheentrancefee.Officialshaveavoidedcallingitatax，optingfor（4）wordslikecontribution，sinceitalsoaimstocomeupwithmoremoneytohelpbetter（5）thephenomenon.Visitorsarrivingatthemaintrainandbusstationswillfirstbemetbystewards（乘務(wù)員）whowillremindthemofthenewrequirementand（6）anyonewhohasn'tyetdownloadedtheQRcode（二維碼）.Paymentplaceswillbe（7）foranyonewithoutasmartphone.Anyone（8）beyonddesignated（指定的）controlplaceswithouttherequireddocumentationwillbe（9）tofines.Thesewill（10）from50to300euros，plusthemaximumentrancefeeallowedbylaw，setat10euros.Anexemptionvoucher（免除憑證）willbe（11）topeoplewhoaccessthecityforwork，schoolormedicalcare，aswellastopeopleborninVeniceand（12）oftheregion.MayorLuigiBrugnarohopestheprogramcanreducecrowdson（13）days，encouragelongervisitsandimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents.Theadvertisingvideo，（14）Brugnarospeakingavarietyoflanguagesaidedbyartificialintelligence，hasbecomea（15）.（1）A.advertisingB.recyclingC.welcomingD.marketing（2）A.decorateB.enterC.evaluateD.promote（3）A.compensationsB.rewardsC.paysD.fines（4）A.harderB.softerC.plainerD.smarter（5）A.acknowledgeB.interpretC.highlightD.manage（6）A.traceB.monitorC.helpD.identify（7）A.torndownB.movedawayC.setupD.takenover（8）A.foundB.leftC.thoughtD.sent（9）A.subjectB.forcedC.readyD.applied（10）A.distinguishB.ariseC.rangeD.suffer（11）A.madeB.issuedC.printedD.collected（12）A.studentsB.workersC.stewardsD.residents（13）A.clearB.peakC.gloomyD.ordinary（14）A.presentingB.catchingC.anticipatingD.opposing（15）A.strikeB.kickC.hitD.beat第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。7．（15分）AnrebelliousChineseboywhobattlesdragonsandchallengesdestinyhasmadehiswaytoWesterncinemascreensaftersmashingboxofficerecordsinChina.Itdwarfsthepreviousrecordheldby"StarWars：TheForceAwakens，"which（1）（net）＄936millionintheUnitedStatesandCanadain2015.TheChineseproductionisthefirstnon﹣Hollywoodfilm（2）（break）intotheall﹣timeglobaltop10ofhighest﹣grossingfilms."NeZha2，"ananimatedblockbusterbased（3）（loose）onChinesemythology，isafollow﹣upto（4）hadbeenthehighest﹣grossinganimatedfilminChina.Inthe2019（5）（origin），Nezha，bornasthereincarnation（再生）ofademonwithsupernaturalpowersbutdestinedtoliveonlythreeyears，challengesthepoliticalorderandauthoritygoverninggodsanddemons.Thephenomenalsuccessof"NeZha2"hassparkedawaveofnationalprideandrapturousjoy，（6）audiences，statemediaandofficialsrushingtocelebratethelandmarkachievement.Fordecades，China'smoviemarkethadbeendominatedbyHollywoodblockbusters.Butinrecentyears，homegrowntitles﹣ingenresfromactionandsci﹣fitoromanceandanimation﹣haveoutpacedWesternfilms，（7）shiftfueledbyrisingculturalpride，moresophisticatedstorytellingandrapid（8）（technology）progress.AnimationrootedintraditionalChinesefolklore，（9）（enhance）withstate﹣of﹣the﹣artspecialeffects，hasproventobea（10）（win）recipe.第四部分寫作第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作8．（15分）假如你是高三學(xué)生李華，學(xué)校最近要接待一批外國(guó)學(xué)生，正在招募陪同解說(shuō)員，給外國(guó)學(xué)生介紹學(xué)校的體育館、藝術(shù)中心和食堂，每個(gè)場(chǎng)所需要一個(gè)陪同解說(shuō)員。請(qǐng)選擇其中一個(gè)場(chǎng)所應(yīng)聘解說(shuō)，寫一份解說(shuō)稿，你的文章必須包括：（1）你所選場(chǎng)所的名稱及其特點(diǎn)；（2）你的同學(xué)最喜歡這個(gè)場(chǎng)所的哪些方面及其原因。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Hellofriends!I'mLiHua，yourguide.________第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。9．（25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。"Ourclassrecyclingprojectwillstartnextweek.Youcanchoosetodoitaloneorinpairs，"Mr.Lee，thescienceteacher，announced，"Yourgoalistodesignarecyclingcornerthatwillincreaserecyclingratesinourclassroom，Thebestideawillbeadoptedschool﹣wide."Theclassroomeruptedintoenthusiasticchatterasstudentspairedupandbegantheirdiscussions.Beinganatureandanimallover，Lucy'sdreamwasbig.Sheimaginedbirdsandfishthriving（茁壯成長(zhǎng)）inaplastic﹣freeenvironment，inspiredbyherhoursspentobservingwildlifeatherfavoritelake."Thefirststeptowardaplastic﹣freehabitatisfosteringarecyclinghabit，"shethought，"I'msureIcancomeupwithabrilliantideafortheproject!"Herdaydreamingwasinterruptedbya.lighttapfromherbestfriend，Max."Doyoustillhavethatbookonrecycling？I'msuretherearemanyhelpfultipsthatwecoulduseforthisproject.Shallweworkonthistogether？"Maxinquiredexpectantly.Lucyrecalledhavingreadthelibrarybookthepreviousnightandplacingitonherbedsidetable，"Um..."shehesitated，"Ireturneditthismorning...andI'mthinkingofworkingonthisprojectalone.""Oh，Isee，"Maxwalkedaway，disappointed.Thenextday，Lucystartedworkingonherproject，asmartdustbin.Yes，shehadauniqueconceptfortherecyclingbinbutshestruggledtoconstructit.Thedesignrequiredastandardofworkmanshipthatwassimplybeyondhercapability.Frustrated，shewentforawalkdownstairs."Lucy？"sheheardafamiliarvoiceandlookedup，surprisedtofindMaxstandingthere.Hehadneverwitnessedherlookingsodisheartenedbefore；shewaswalkingheavilyalongwithadiscouragedexpression，sighingdeeply.Concerned，hecalledouttoher."Whathappened？"heaskedgently.Guilt﹣ridden，sheadmittedlyingaboutthebookandapologizedsincerely.Maxforgaveherreadily."Well，ifyouneedapartner，allyouhavetodoisask!"Maxreplied，smiling.注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Shedidso，thenexcitedlydescribedherdesignconceptoftherecyclingbin.________LucyandMax'shardworkpaidoff.________

2025年廣東省深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷（一）參考答案與試題解析第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1．（7.5分）?Whataregeysers？Geysersaretypesofhotspringswhichperiodicallyshootacolumnofsteamingwaterhighintotheair.TheyoccurinareasofvolcanicactivitywherehotlavaisfoundclosetotheEarth'ssurface.ThenamecomesfromtheIcelandicverbgeysa，togush.?Howdogeyserswork？Geysersonlyformunderveryspecificconditions.Theremustbeamplegroundwater，anundergroundheatsource；andaplumbingsystem'madeupofreservoirsandverticalpassagesorpipes'throughwhichheatedwatertravelsonitswaytotheEarth'ssurface.CoolwaterontheEarth'ssurfacetricklesdownthroughporous（多孔滲水的）rock.Asitapproachestheheatsource（hotrocksoramagmachamber）itisheatedtoextremelyhightemperaturesandstartstorisethrougha"pipe".Thewaterwouldusuallyturntosteambutitsdepth，plustheweightofcoolerwateraboveit，createswhatiscalledaconfiningpressurethatpreventsthesuperheatedwaterfromboilingandturningtosteam.Asthewaterrisesthispressurelessensandsteamfinallyformsandistrappedinthereservoir.OvertimethepressureinthereservoircontinuestobuilduntilthesteamforcesthewaterupwardsthroughthepassagetothesurfaceoftheEarthwhereiteruptsthroughaventinaspectacularcolumnofsteamingwater.The'plumbingsystem'ofageyser?Wherearegeysersfound？Geysersarerare，withonlyaround1，000activeworldwide.TheyoccurintheUnitedStates（US），Russia，Chile，NewZealandandIceland.Someeruptalmostpredictablyincyclesofminutes，hoursordays，andsomehaveyearsbetweeneruptions.ThetallestactivegeyserintheworldisSteamboatGeyserinYellowstoneNationalPark（US）whichcanshootwatermorethan90metresintotheair.Unfortunately，ithasonlydonesofivetimesfrom2003to2013.（1）ThediagramhelpstoD.A.givemoredetailedexplanationsofthetermsinthetextB.provideadditionalinformationthroughagraphicC.illustratewhygeysersareunpredictableD.showtheinformationinthetextinagraphicform（2）Whatisthecorrectorderofeventsastheyoccurintheformationofageysereruption？D①magmaheatswater②steampressureliftswater③watercollectsinareservoir④groundwaterpenetratesrock⑤waternoisesinapipeA.④①③⑤②B.④①⑤③②C.①⑤③④②D.⑤④③①②（3）Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom？CA.Asciencefiction.B.Aresearchplan.C.Anencyclopedia.D.Atraveljournal.【解答】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)?Howdogeyserswork？部分的Geysersonlyformunderveryspecificconditions.Theremustbeamplegroundwater，anundergroundheatsource；andaplumbingsystem'madeupofreservoirsandverticalpassagesorpipes'throughwhichheatedwatertravelsonitswaytotheEarth'ssurface.（間歇泉只有在非常特殊的條件下才會(huì)形成。必須有充足的地下水，一個(gè)地下熱源；和垂直通道或管道組成的管道系統(tǒng)，熱水通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)流向地球表面。）和再通過(guò)圖表上的內(nèi)容可知，圖表有助于以圖形的形式顯示文本中的信息。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中CoolwaterontheEarth'ssurfacetricklesdownthroughporous（多孔滲水的）rock.Asitapproachestheheatsource（hotrocksoramagmachamber）itisheatedtoextremelyhightemperaturesandstartstorisethrougha"pipe"?（地球表面的冷水通過(guò)多孔的巖石涓涓而下。當(dāng)它接近熱源（熱巖石或巖漿庫(kù)）時(shí)，它被加熱到極高的溫度，并開(kāi)始通過(guò)"管道"上升）和Asthewaterrisesthispressurelessensandsteamfinallyformsandistrappedinthereservoir.OvertimethepressureinthereservoircontinuestobuilduntilthesteamforcesthewaterupwardsthroughthepassagetothesurfaceoftheEarthwhereiteruptsthroughaventinaspectacularcolumnofsteamingwater.（當(dāng)水上升時(shí)，壓力減小，水蒸氣最終形成并被困在水庫(kù)中。隨著時(shí)間的推移，水庫(kù)中的壓力持續(xù)增加，直到蒸汽迫使水通過(guò)通道上升到地球表面，在那里，水通過(guò)一個(gè)壯觀的蒸汽柱噴發(fā)出來(lái)）由此可知，間歇泉噴發(fā)形成時(shí)，正確的事件順序是地下水滲透巖石、巖漿加熱水、水在管子里上升、水積聚在水庫(kù)中，最后蒸汽壓力使水升高。故選D。（3）文章出處題。本文介紹間接泉的噴發(fā)原理，可知，文章不可能來(lái)自科幻小說(shuō)，一個(gè)研究計(jì)劃，也不可能來(lái)自一篇旅游日志，它最有可能來(lái)自一本百科全書。故選C。2．（10分）GilbertWhitemadeextensiveobservationsofthenaturalworldinthe1770s.Ratherthanstudydeadspecimens，asmany"naturalists"beforehim，Whiteobservedplantsandanimalsintheirnaturalsettings，makinghimoneoftheearlyecologistsinBritain.Becauseofthetimeatwhichhelived，hewasnotfullyawareofcertainphenomenasuchasbirdmigration，althoughhesuspectedsuchthingsoccurred.Throughhiswriting，manybiologistsweregivenaninsightintotheperceptionofthenaturalworldbeforetechnologicaladvancements.Asakeenobserverofbirds，hedistinguishedbetweendifferentspeciesbasedontheirsongs，withoutusingtelescopes.White'sobservationsincludedseasonaldata，suchasbud﹣burstandfloweringofcommonplants，whichherecordedinTheNaturalHistoryandAntiquitiesofSelborne—acollectionofletterstotwogreatscientistsofthetime.Thisbookhashadmorethan200editionsandisreputedtobe—aftertheBible，theworksofShakespeareandPilgrim'sProgress—thefourthmostpublishedbookintheEnglishLanguage.Itwaspublishedin1789andsincethenhasneverbeenoutofprint.Thebookcontains110lettersspanning20years.Inaletter，datedMay20，1777，Whitediscussedearthworms，stating："Earthworms，thoughinappearanceasmallandinsignificantlinkinthechainofnature，yetiflost，wouldtriggermajorecologicalimbalance."Healsohighlightedtheirroleaspromotersofvegetation，notingtheiractivitieslikemakingholesinthesoil，creatingpathways，andproducingbeneficialwastethroughwormcasts（蚯蚓糞）.Itisquiteremarkablethathere，fromwritingsofnearly250yearsago，Whitereferstomanyactivitiesofearthwormsthatwe，asscientistsandgardeners，nowtakeforgrantedandcontinuetoinvestigateingreaterdetail.（1）WhatmadeGilbertWhitedifferentfrompreviousnaturalists？AA.Hisapproachtostudyingnature.B.Hischoiceofobservationaltools.C.Hisattitudetopreservingspecies.D.Hisfocusoncontrolledenvironments.（2）WhyaretheBibleandtheworksofShakespearementionedinparagraph4？CA.Tocomparetheirhistoricalsignificance.B.TosuggesttheirinfluenceonWhite'sbook.C.TohighlightthepopularityofWhite'sbook.D.Toillustratetheconnectionsbetweenclassics.（3）Whatroledoearthwormsplayinnature，accordingtoGilbertWhite？AA.Theyimprovesoilhealth.B.Theycontrolinsectpopulations.C.They'retoosmalltoimpactplants.D.They'reinsignificanttoecosystems.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？BA.Whitecouldhaveinvestigatedingreaterdetail.B.White'sworkisgreatenoughtobereferenced.C.Whitelinkedhisobservationstopracticaluses.D.White'sinsightsarestillnewtoscientistsnow.【解答】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Ratherthanstudydeadspecimens，asmany"naturalists"beforehim，Whiteobservedplantsandanimalsintheirnaturalsettings，makinghimoneoftheearlyecologistsinBritain.（懷特沒(méi)有像他之前的許多"博物學(xué)家"那樣研究死亡標(biāo)本，而是在自然環(huán)境中觀察植物和動(dòng)物，這使他成為英國(guó)早期的生態(tài)學(xué)家之一。）可知，GilbertWhite研究自然的方式使他與之前的博物學(xué)家不同。故選A。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thisbookhashadmorethan200editionsandisreputedtobe—aftertheBible，theworksofShakespeareandPilgrim'sProgress—thefourthmostpublishedbookintheEnglishLanguage.（這本書已經(jīng)出版了200多個(gè)版本，被譽(yù)為僅次于《圣經(jīng)》、莎士比亞和《天路歷程》的英語(yǔ)第四大出版書籍。）可知，文章提及《圣經(jīng)》和莎士比亞作品是為了突出GilbertWhite的書的受歡迎程度。故選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段Healsohighlightedtheirroleaspromotersofvegetation，notingtheiractivitieslikemakingholesinthesoil，creatingpathways，andproducingbeneficialwastethroughwormcasts（蚯蚓糞）.（他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了它們作為植被促進(jìn)者的作用，并指出了它們的活動(dòng)，如在土壤中挖洞、創(chuàng)造通道和通過(guò)蚯蚓糞產(chǎn)生有益的廢物。）可知，GilbertWhite認(rèn)為蚯蚓通過(guò)在土壤中打洞、創(chuàng)造通道以及產(chǎn)生有益的蚯蚓糞等活動(dòng)促進(jìn)了植被生長(zhǎng)，從而改善了土壤健康。故選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Itisquiteremarkablethathere，fromwritingsofnearly250yearsago，Whitereferstomanyactivitiesofearthwormsthatwe，asscientistsandgardeners，nowtakeforgrantedandcontinuetoin