定語從句（AttributiveClause）課堂講義——高中英語選擇性必修（人教版2019）一、定語從句基本概念定義：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，相當于形容詞的作用。例句：ThebookthatIborrowedisinteresting.（修飾名詞“book”）Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.（修飾代詞“girl”）核心概念：先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞（如例句中的“book”和“girl”）。關系詞：連接主句和從句的詞（如that,which,who,where等）。關系詞的功能：在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或狀語。二、關系詞的分類與用法（一）關系代詞關系詞指代對象從句中充當的成分例句who 人主語、賓語Theteacherwhoteachesusiskind.（主語）whom人賓語（可省略）Theboy(whom)youmetismyfriend.（賓語）which物主語、賓語Thepenwhichisonthedeskismine.（主語）that 人或物 主語、賓語ThemoviethatWewatchedwasamazing.（賓語）whose人或物的所屬關系定語Thegirlwhosebagwaslostiscrying.（定語）注意：只能用that的情況：先行詞為不定代詞（all,anything,nothing等）。先行詞被最高級或序數詞修飾。先行詞既有人又有物。例句：Allthatyouneedishere.關系副詞關系詞修飾對象從句中充當的成分例句where地點狀語（=介詞+which）Thisistheparkwhereweplayed.（=inwhich）when時間狀語（=介詞+which）Irememberthedaywhenwemet.（=onwhich）why原因（reason）狀語（=forwhich）Thereasonwhyheleftisunclear.注意：如果先行詞是地點/時間/原因，但從句中缺主語或賓語，則用關系代詞（which/that）。例：ThetimethatIspentwasunforgettable.三、特殊用法與難點突破1.whose的替換用法人：whose+n=the+n+ofwhom例句：Thegirlwhoseeyesareblue=Thegirltheeyesofwhomareblue.物：whose+n=the+n+ofwhich例句：Thehousewhoseroofisred=Thehousetheroofofwhichisred.2.as的用法非限制性定語從句（指代整個句子）：位置靈活，可放句首、句中或句末。例：Asweallknow,theearthisround.限制性定語從句：與such,thesame連用。例：HeboughtthesamebikeasIhave.3.way作先行詞從句中作狀語：可用that/inwhich/不填。例：Iliketheway(that)youspeak.從句中作主語/賓語：用關系代詞。例：Thewaythatworksissimple.4.抽象地點名詞（situation,case等）若從句缺狀語，用where；否則用關系代詞。例：Wereachedapointwherewehadtostop.（狀語）四、常見錯誤與糾錯練習多余賓語：?ThebookthatIboughtitisgood.?ThebookthatIboughtisgood.介詞錯誤：?Thehousewherehelivesinisold.?Thehousewherehelivesisold.關系詞缺失：?Childreneattoomuchsugaroftengetsick.?Childrenwhoeattoomuchsugaroftengetsick.五、綜合練習用適當關系詞填空：1.Heistheteacher______taughtmeEnglish.2.Thisisthereason______Iwaslate.3.Thebook______coverisredismine..4.（2024年高考題）新高考I卷：TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracingthestepsalongtheSilkRoute__________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatoetodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.（2024年高考題）新高考II卷：ChineseculturalelementsmemoratingTangXianzu,______isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratforduponAvon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.（2024年高考題）新高考II卷：Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway_________willmakethemthemostmoney.（2023年高考題）全國甲卷：YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_____becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3million.(2023年模擬題)浙江金華第一中學校聯考二模：ProposedinMaylastyearbyConorGallapher,theplanseekstoaddresstheshortageofavailablegardenspaceinresponsetorisingdemandintownsandcities,particularlyinLondon,_______therearewaitinglistsofupto40yearsforallotmentsites.9.(2023年模擬題)山東師范大學附中?？寄M預測：Thedoctormayalsoaskthepatientaboutstressatworkorhomeandanydifficulties_________maybecausingthepatienttobeoutofbalance.答案：1.who/that;2.why;3.whose；4.that/which5.who6.