LiuzhouRailwayVocationalTechnicalCollege明德礪志求知篤行雙語列車長(zhǎng)火災(zāi)爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理主講教師LecturerEmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidents列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法列車運(yùn)行中發(fā)生火情時(shí)，應(yīng)先了解情況，危害程度較輕時(shí)，不應(yīng)盲目使用緊急制動(dòng)閥停車。構(gòu)成火災(zāi)、爆炸事故時(shí)，應(yīng)立即使用緊急制動(dòng)閥，使列車停在安全地帶。如列車運(yùn)行至大橋、隧道、市區(qū)等地時(shí)，不能使用緊急制動(dòng)閥停車，應(yīng)在列車通過后再使用緊急制動(dòng)閥停車。1立即停車EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsWhenafireoccursduringtheoperationofthetrain,thesituationshouldbeunderstoodfirst,andwhenthedegreeofharmislight,theemergencybrakevalveshouldnotbeblindlyusedtostop.Whenafireorexplosionaccidentisconstituted,anemergencybrakevalveshouldbeusedimmediatelytostopthetraininasafearea.Ifthetrainrunstobridges,tunnels,urbanareasandotherplaces,itcannotuseemergencybrakevalvestostop,andemergencybrakevalvesshouldbeusedtostopafterthetrainhaspassed.Parkimmediately列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，迅速組織起火車廂旅客向鄰近車廂或地面安全地帶疏散。如車廂內(nèi)濃煙彌漫時(shí)，指導(dǎo)被困旅客用濕毛巾、手帕、衣物捂住口鼻，采取低姿行走的方式疏散到安全車廂。列車停車立即打開運(yùn)行方向左側(cè)的車門或采取安全錘破窗等方法，疏散旅客。嚴(yán)禁向線路中間疏散旅客，對(duì)重點(diǎn)旅客要重點(diǎn)協(xié)助。如火勢(shì)猛烈，要?jiǎng)訂T旅客放棄攜帶物品。列車長(zhǎng)要堅(jiān)守崗位，以自身的沉著、冷靜去影響旅客，切不可盲目開窗跳車。2疏散旅客EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsIntheeventofafireonatrain,thepassengersofthetraincarriagearequicklyorganizedtoevacuatetotheadjacentcarriagesortothesafetyoftheground.Ifthesmokeinthecarriageisthick,instructthetrappedpassengerstocovertheirmouthsandnoseswithwettowels,handkerchiefsandclothes,andevacuatetothesafetycarinalow-lyingmanner.Thetrainstopsandimmediatelyopensthedoorontheleftsideoftherunningdirectionortakesthemethodofbreakingthewindowwithasafetyhammertoevacuatethepassengers.Itisstrictlyforbiddentoevacuatepassengerstothemiddleoftheline,andkeypassengersshouldbeassisted.Ifthefireisfierce,passengersshouldbemobilizedtogiveuptheirbelongings.Theconductorshouldsticktohispost,influencethepassengerswithhisowncomposureandcalmness,andmustnotblindlyopenthewindowandjumpoffthetrain.Evacuatepassengers列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法列車長(zhǎng)在接到報(bào)告后，應(yīng)立即與乘警（安全員）一同組織其他列車工作人員及動(dòng)員旅客集中列車上的消防設(shè)備進(jìn)行撲救，同時(shí)要防止發(fā)生旅客跳車、趁火打劫等意外事件。3迅速撲救EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsAfterreceivingthereport,theconductorshouldimmediatelyorganizeothertrainstaffandmobilizepassengerstoconcentrateonthefirefightingequipmentonthetraintogetherwiththepolice(safetyofficer)topreventaccidentssuchaspassengersjumpingonthetrainandtakingadvantageofthefire.Quicklysave列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法停車后，列車分解時(shí)，檢查尾部車廂通過門加鎖，加強(qiáng)看護(hù)，防止發(fā)生意外情況。列車運(yùn)行中發(fā)生電器設(shè)備冒煙起火時(shí)，要立即關(guān)閉電源開關(guān)。在電氣化區(qū)段，將著火車廂分解后，在電源未切斷前任何人不得用水滅火。4切斷火源EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsAfterstopping,whenthetraindisintegrates,checkthattherearcarriageislockedthroughthedoortostrengthentheguardtopreventunexpectedsituations.Whenelectricalequipmentsmokesandcatchesfireduringtheoperationofthetrain,thepowerswitchshouldbeturnedoffimmediately.Intheelectrificationsection,afterthetraincarisdecomposed,noonemayusewatertoextinguishthefireuntilthepowersupplyiscutoff.Cutoffthesourceoffire列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法列車分離后，協(xié)助車輛乘務(wù)長(zhǎng)和機(jī)車乘務(wù)員迅速設(shè)置防護(hù)。5設(shè)置防護(hù)被迫區(qū)間停車時(shí)，列車長(zhǎng)應(yīng)向當(dāng)?shù)乜驼{(diào)報(bào)告，請(qǐng)求救援。報(bào)告內(nèi)容包括車次、時(shí)間、區(qū)間、編組、起火車廂位置、火勢(shì)、人員傷亡等情況。火情緊急時(shí)，列車長(zhǎng)應(yīng)迅速通過最近車站向當(dāng)?shù)卣Ⅰv軍請(qǐng)求支援。6報(bào)告救援EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsAfterthetrainisseparated,assistthevehiclepurserandlocomotivecrewtoquicklysetupprotection.Whenforcedtostopinthesection,theconductorshouldreporttothelocalpassengerdispatchforrescue.Thecontentofthereportincludesthenumberoftrains,time,interval,grouping,locationofthestartingcar,firepotential,casualtiesandsoon.Intheeventofanemergencyfire,theconductorshouldquicklyrequestsupportfromthelocalgovernmentandgarrisonthroughtheneareststation.SetupprotectionReportrescue列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法在疏散旅客、迅速撲救的同時(shí)，要組織紅十字救護(hù)人員，動(dòng)員旅客中的醫(yī)護(hù)人員積極地?fù)尵葌麊T。7搶救傷員在撲救火災(zāi)時(shí)，要注意保護(hù)好現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。組織乘務(wù)人員采取多種形式，做好宣傳工作、穩(wěn)定旅客情緒，維持現(xiàn)場(chǎng)秩序，防止發(fā)生混亂，嚴(yán)禁無關(guān)人員進(jìn)人現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。有條件情況下，應(yīng)盡可能地對(duì)旅客車票及住址等身份信息進(jìn)行登記，以備查證。8保護(hù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsRescuethewoundedProtectthesite列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法列車長(zhǎng)、乘警（安全員）要積極協(xié)助公安機(jī)關(guān)調(diào)查事故情況，提供線索，幫助調(diào)查。9協(xié)助查訪列車乘務(wù)人員配合乘警及時(shí)了解事故情況，調(diào)查取證，為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘察、認(rèn)定火災(zāi)原因創(chuàng)造有利條件。10認(rèn)真取證EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsTheconductorandthepolice(safetyofficer)shouldactivelyassistthepublicsecurityorgansininvestigatingtheaccidentsituation,provideclues,andhelpinvestigate.Thetraincrewcooperateswiththepolicetounderstandtheaccidentsituationinatimelymanner,investigateandcollectevidence,andcreatefavorableconditionsforon-siteinvestigationanddeterminationofthecauseofthefire.AssistanceinvisitsTakeseriousevidence列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法（1）先使著火車輛與列車后部車列分離；（2）將著火車輛盡量轉(zhuǎn)移至線路平坦處，但不得停留在橋梁、隧道及重要建筑物附近；（3）再使前部車列與著火車輛分離；（4）對(duì)區(qū)間內(nèi)遺留的車輛，應(yīng)采取防溜措施。11按下列方法分解列車EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsFirstseparatetheburningvehiclefromthereartrainofthetrain;Transferthevehiclesonfiretoaflatpartofthelineasmuchaspossible,butmustnotstaynearbridges,tunnelsandimportantbuildings;Separatethefronttrainfromtheburningvehicle;Forvehiclesleftoverfromtheinterval,anti-slipmeasuresshouldbetaken.Breakdownthetrainasfollows列車發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故的應(yīng)急處理辦法列車發(fā)生爆炸、火災(zāi)后，列車長(zhǎng)、乘警長(zhǎng)（安全員）指揮全體乘務(wù)員按照應(yīng)急小組分工、堅(jiān)守崗位，不得擅離職守，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活果斷采取有效措施，進(jìn)行緊急處置。12緊急處置EmergencyhandlingoffireandexplosionaccidentsAfterthetrainexplodesorfires,theconductorandthesheriff(safetyofficer)directallthecrewtodividelaborandsticktotheirpostsinaccordancewiththeemergencyresponsetea