跨文化交際與禮儀InterculturalCommunicationandEtiquette

Chapter8CustomsandEtiquetteofSomeCountriesCONTENTSWarm-upActivitiesOrientalCultureOccidentalCultureMiddle-EasternCultureMainAfricanCultureWarm-upActivitiesWarm-upActivitiesVideoWatchingandDiscussionVideoClip1:WatchaVideoClipandhaveadiscussionaboutthefollowingquestions:1.Astheglobalvillagetendstobecomesmallerandsmaller,isitimportantforpeopletocommunicateacrosscultureandlanguagebarriers?2.Howtohandletheculturalconflictswhenyouareabroad?8.1OrientalCulture8.1OrientalCultureChinesecultureKoreancultureJapaneseculture8

8.1.1Chineseculture

Chineseconceptof“Face”Chinesesagesinherentintheregionunwrittensetofrulesface-savingafundanmentalrolewithintheConfuciandoctrineseetheindividualaspartofacommunitynotsimplyconcerncompanies,butaralationshipbetweenindividualsLaoZiConfuciousMenciusDaoismGuanxi9

8.1.2Japaneseculture

GreetingetiquetteDeferringtoeldersshowcorrectamountofrespectanddeferencewatetobeintroducedtraditionalformofgreeting:thebow(thedeeper,themorerespect)turningdownsb'srequestmaycauseembarrassmentandface-losingamarkofpersonaldignityandhighstatusdonotopenlycriticize,insultorputanyoneonthespotvalueeldersageequalsrankservetheoldestpersonfirstbowdeepesttothemostsenioroneJapaneseconceptofface10

8.1.3Koreanculture

SocialrankingVisiting&DiningetiquettesocialstatusdetermineshowoneistreatedoneofthefirstquestionsSouthKoreansaskeachotherisagenevercallanolderpersonbytheirfirstnamehighlypatriarchalfathersareresponsiblefortheirfamiliesandmustbeobeyedandreverdfilialpiety/addresswithhonorifics/bowtotheeldersandacquaintancestobringasmallgift/sit,eatandsleeponthefloor/wearsockswhenvistingtheeldesteatsfirst/allplatesandbowlsshouldstayonthetableneverstickchopsticksorspoonsinabowofrice/pourforoneanotherPatriarchalcontrol8.2OccidentalCultureAmericancultureFrenchcultureBritishcultureGermanculture

8.2.1AmericancultureEthnicdiversityPluralreligionGreeting

AlchollicenseTipgivingSmokingrestrictionspredominantlyofEuropeandescentawelcomingbeacontoimmigrantsthemajorityareChristiansmeltingpotahomogeneousculturemixturereligiouspluralismdominantreligionisChristianitypoliticalseperatedfromreligionshakehandseyecontactexchangecardsaddresswayslegalage2115%foracceptable20%forsuperiornobillsituation($1-5)prohibitedinmanyplacesnotallowedinpublicexceptions

8.2.2Britishcultureonenationandasinglegovernmentmadeupofdiffernetelementseachparthasitsdistinctcustoms,culturesandsymbolismRoyaltraditionstheBritishroyalfamilyhasnorealpowerthreeroyaltraditions:playingtheflutethechangeoftheQueen'sguardQueen'sspeechUK'sweather:verychangeableBritishstereotypesliketoquenehateothernationalitiesspeektheQueen'sEnglish

8.2.3FrenchculturethelargestnationinWesternEuropeawellspringofinspirationinart,musicandliteratureFrenchisasecondlanguageformanyclutivatedpeopleeverywhereFrenchlovelanguageofromancestylemoreimportantthanlooksDiversecuisinethebasisforallEuropeancookingthevarietyissupportedbytheFrenchpassionforfoodinallitsformsdifferentgeographiesandclimatessupporttypesofingredients Tabootopicsreligion/politics/sex3conversationrules

8.2.4GermanculturevariedgreatlyinsizecanbedividedintothreemainlandformregionsTheimageawidespreadstereotype:rudeandarrogant/nosenseofhumorGermanrulescamerelativelylatetodemocracyandhavelonglivedunderasystemmosttendtoplaybytherulesandappeartooutsidersasveryconservativeGermanmealsswitchedto3mealsadaydownfrom5coffeeandpastriesmakeupasecondbreakfastlate-afternoonsausageandchessdisheseveningsmorgasbord-likemealFamilyandmarriagethebirthrateislowandbelowthereplacementlevelthenumberofmarriageisdeclining/thenumberofdivorcehaveincreased8.3Middle-EasternCultureEgyptiancultureIraniancultureSaudiArabiacultureDressingfellah:gallabiyea,loosecottonpants,woolcap,faltandyellowslippersthewifeofthefellah:dresseswithlongsleevesandtrailingflouncesandablackveilReligionsover90%areMuslims/about8%areChristiansGreetingbasedonbothclassandreligion/somespecialetiquetteVisitingdresswellandconservatively/bringpropergifts/diningetiquetteMarriagespeicalimportancetoEgyptians/themainmethodtoprotectfromanyscaredrelationship

8.3.1Egyptianculturethe2ndmostpopulouscountryofAfricapeasantfarmerscalledfellahinmakeupover60%ofthepopulationCharacteristicstwocommoncharacteristics:theyspeakArabicandareoftheMoslemfaithGreetingratherritualized/formale?/forfemale?Conversationetiquettestandmuchclosertooneanother/talkingwithone'shandsorgesticulatingwildlyisimpoliteWomen'sstatusanddressingbefardifferentfromthatofWesterncountries/liveinextremeprivacy/dressconservativelyHospitalitybefamousfortheirhospitality/servingofcoffeeorteaorsoftdrinksbeimpolitetorefusetheseimportanttokenofhospitality

8.3.2SaudiArabiacultureavastcountry/thevastmajorityareArabs/Islamisthestatereligion/Arabicistheofficallanguagetwomaingroups:thosewholiveinsettledcommunities/nomadsorsemi-nomadsBusinessEtiquettepoliteandformal/punctual/conservativebusinessattire/noties/noshortsinpublicWomen'sstatusandDressingmustbemodestlydressed/requiredbylawandbysocialcustomcovertheirhairwithascarfandwearaloose-fittingcoatthatextendsbelowthekneeshoesshouldbeclosedandlegsshouldbecoveredbypantsorstockingsshouldnotshakehandsorhavephysicalcontactwithmeninpublicGiftingEtiquettegiftsexchangeisuncommoninbusinessdealingthemostseniorpersonshouldreceivethenicestgift

8.3.3IraniancultureoneofthemaincrossroadslinkingEuropeandtheMiddleEastwithCentralAsianearlyallMuslims/smallnumbersofChrisians,JewsandZoroastrians8.4MainAfricanCultureSouthAfricancultureKenyacultureablendofdiverseethnicsubculturesinfluencedbyancientAfricancustomsandtraditionsabigdivideinsomeinstancesfromonetribetotheotherculturalrelativismplaysanimportantroleinbringingcommunitiestogetherhavelongadoptedmodernlifestyleorWesterncultureGreetingseveralstylesdependingupontheethnicheritageofthepersonGiftingetiquettegiftsforbirthdaysandChristmas/bringgiftswhenyouareinvitedVisitingarriveontime/casualclothes/helpwiththepreparationorclearingupBusinessetiquettedressconservatively/lookforlong-termbusinessrelationshipSouthAfricanCultureKenyaCulture

8.4MainAfricancultureKeystoExercisesKeystoExercisesII.ComprehensionCheck_________1.ManyChinaenterprisesapplythetenetsofancientChinesesagestothemanagementoftheircompanies._________2.InJapan,tomakeaself-introductioninalargegatheringcanbeseenasverypolite._________3.Japanesepeoplegreeteachotherbyshakinghands._________4.BarefeetareoffensivetopeopleoftheoldergenerationsinKoreanculture._________5.ToAmericanpeople,timeismoney.II.ComprehensionCheckDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).TTFTFKeytoExercisesII.ComprehensionCheck_________6.ItisexpectedthatthecustomersshouldleaveatipfortheserverintheAmericanrestaurants._________7.TheBritishroyalfamilyhasrealpower,sotheyareveryimportanttotheBritishpeople._________8.Britishweatherisverychangeable,andyoucangetalltheseasonsinonedayinBritain._________9.Frenchisknownasthe“l(fā)anguageofromance”.________10.ThepredominantreligionfortheArabandMiddleEasterncountriesisHinduism.TFTTFKeystoExercisesIII.VocabularyIII.VocabularyCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelowandeachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1.Generally,Orientalsplaceagreatdealofimportanceon_________.2.ItisimpossibletounderstandChinesepersonalbehaviorwithoutattemptingtounderstand_________.3.ManyChinaenterprisesapplythe_________ofancientChinesesagestothemanagementoftheircompanies.4.Greeting_________inJapanisveryformalandritualized.5.Koreaisa________surroundedbythreeseas?theYellowSeatothewest,theSeaofJapantotheeast,andtheEastChinaSeatothesouth.relationshipstenets“face”etiquette“face”etiquettetranscontinentaltraditionpeninsularelationshipstabootenets“meltingpot”conservativelypeninsulaKeystoExercisesIII.Vocabulary6.Americahasgrownbeyondtheearly______________ideathatvieweddifferentethnicgroupsasblendingintoonebigculture.7.ThechangingoftheQueen’sguardisanotherBritishroyal_________.8.Religion,politicsandsexare_________topicsinFrench.9.TheMiddleEastisa_______________regioncenteredonWesternAsia.10.SouthAfricanbusinesspeopletendtodress___________.Loudsportsjacketsandslacksarerarelyseenatwork.“meltingpot”traditiontabooconservativelytranscontinental1.Confucianism2.Taoism3.greetingetiquette4.meltingpot5.diversecuisineIV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversa1.孔子學(xué)說/儒家思想2.道教3.問候禮儀4.熔爐5.菜肴種類豐富KeystoExercisesIV.TranslationKeytoExercisesIV.Translation6.禁忌話題7.穆斯林8.陳規(guī)舊俗9.職業(yè)裝10.好望角6.tabootopics7.Muslim8.stereotypes9.businesssuits/businesswear10.CapeofGoodHopeKeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisAJapanesemanagerinanAmericancompanywastoldtogivecriticalfeedbacktoasubordinateduringaperformanceevaluation.BecausetheJapaneseareusedtohighcontextlanguageandareuncomfortablewithgivingdirectfeedback,ittookthemanagerfivetriesbeforehewasdirectenoughfortheAmericansubordinatetounderstand.Case1QuestionWhatadvicecanyouoffertotheJapanesemanager?KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisThiscaseshowsthegreatdifferenceingivingfeedbackbetweenJapanesecultureandAmericanculture.Japanesecultureishighcontextcultureinwhicha?few?words?can?communicate?a?complex?message?andthemeaningisimplicitlyconveyedinthewords.Itisvery?effectively?to?an?in-group?peoplebut?less?effectively?outside?that?group.Americancultureislowcontextcultureinwhichcommunicationismuch?more?explicit?and?direct.Itisdifficultforthepeopleinthisculturetounderstandtheimpliedmeaningofthewords.TheJapanesemanagershouldpayattentiontothedifferencebetweenthetwoculturesandgivefeedbacktohisAmericansubordinatedirectly.commentsPart3KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisInthefollowinginteraction,Jimisastudentatalocaluniversity.HewasbornandraisedintheunitedStates.AkiraisanexchangestudentfromJapan.JimandAkiraareeatingdinnertogetherinalocalrestaurant.Theyhaveknowneachotherforonlyashorttime.NotonlyisJim’sstyleofcommunicationovertlypersonal;he'salsoquitedirect.Jim:Heybuddy,whatdoyouthinkofthisAmericanrestaurant?Ireallylikeit.Akira:Yes,MrJim.Thisisverynice.Jim:Ialwayspreferrestaurantslikethis,kindacasualbutgoodfood.Icomeherealot.DoyougoouttoeatmuchinJapan?Akira:Japaneserestaurantsarenice,too.Jim:Yeah,butdoyougoouttoeatmuch?Akira:Sure,Japanesepeoplelikerestaurants.(tobecontinued)Case2KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisJim:WheneverIcomehereIusuallyorderthesamething.