跨文化交際與禮儀InterculturalCommunicationandEtiquette

Chapter5SocialCustomsandEtiquetteCONTENTSWarm-upActivitiesTraditionalChineseandWesternCustomsandEtiquetteKeystoExercisesRelatedCulturalResourcesTeachingObjectives1.Getthestudentstolearnaboutthedifferenceofsocialcustomssuchaschild’sbirthceremoniesandthegrown-upceremonies.2.HelpthestudentstoknowaboutmarriagesbetweenChinaandwesterncountries.3.Letstudentslearnaboutthedifferenceoffestivalsbetweendifferentcultures.Warm-upActivitiesPart161.CouldyoushareastoryaboutSpringFestivalwithyourpatner?

2.Have

you

ever

celebratedChristmas?Howdidyoucelebrateit?Doyouknowsomethingaboutit?

TraditionalChineseandWesternCustoms&EtiquettePart2Part2

TraditionalChineseandWesternCustoms&EtiquetteIntroduction

TraditionalChineseandWesternFestivalsCustomsandCeremoniesofBaby’sbirthDifferentBirthdayCelebrationsDifferentGrownupCeremoniesDifferentRitualsofMarriage6.1Introductionanactivity,awayofbehaving,oraneventwhichisusualortraditionalinaparticularsocietyorinparticularcircumstances

SocialCustomsarethesocialinfrastructureforhumanactionsandinteractionsbywhichweliveourlivesanddecidewhatisimportantinourlivesCustomsarenotstaticWhatiscustom?6.1IntroductionEtiquettereferstothecustomsorrulesgoverningbehaviourregardedascorrectoracceptableinsocialorofficiallifeacodeofbehaviorthatdelineates(描繪)expectationsforsocialbehavioraccordingtocontemporaryconventionalnormswithinasociety,socialclass,orgroupetiquettecodesprescribeandrestrictthewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwitheachother,basedontherespectforotherpeopleandtheacceptedcustomsofasociety.WhatisEtiquette?6.2TraditionalChineseandWesternFestivalsSpringFestivalV.S.ChristmasDoubleSeventhDayV.S.Valentine'sDayQingmingFestivalV.SHalloweenFestivalTabooHowdoyoucelebrateSpringFestuval?6.2.1SpringFestivalQuestion6.2.1SpringFestivalSpringFestivalCleaningSpringFestivalShoppingCoupletsUpsideDownFuPaperCuttingFamilyReunionDinner6.2.1SpringFestivalStayingUpLuckyMoneyEatingJiaoziFireworkersChristmasChristmas,asthe

daytohonorthedivinityofJesus,isthemostimportantfestivalinmostWesterncountries.DoyoucelebrateChristmas?WhyorWhynot?ChristmasDayChristmasDay6.2.2DoubleSventhDayV.S.Valentine'sDay

ChineseDoubleSeventhFestival,orQiqiaoFestivalwassaidtohavesomethingtodowithapopularfolklovestory:aboutNiuLangandZhiNu,labelingthefestivalwithgreatromance.Thereforeinmostcases,suchatraditionalfestivalisalsocalledtheEasternValentine'sDay.TherelatedcustomsincludeeatingtheQiqiaofruits,decoratingthecow,prayingforZhinuandthreadingtheneedlesforthedexterity.

DoubleSeventhDay6.2.2DoubleSventhDayV.S.Valentine'sDayInthewesterncountry,Valentine'sDaycomesonFebruary14thanditisafestivalforpeopletoconveytheirlovewithgreetingsandgifts.ItwassaidtobeassociatewithapriestnamedSt.Valentinewhowasmartyredabout270A.D.bytheemperorClaudiusII,becauseofhelpingtohostthemarriagefortheyoungcouples.WhenValentine’sDaycomes,itiscommonfortheyoungmentosendValentine’scards,rosesandchocolatestotheirsweetheart,showingtheirsincereandfaithfullove.Valentine’sDay6.2.3QingmingFestivalV.S.Halloween

QingmingFestival,alsoknownasTomb-sweepingDay,isoneofthetraditionalfestivalinChina,fallingoneitherApril4thor5th.Itisaturningpointthatthetemperaturebeginstogrow,andtherainfallincreasesgradually.

Besidesbeingaseasonalsymbol,itisanimportantmomenttopayrespecttothedeadaswellasanappropriatetimeforaspringoutgoing.QingmingFestivalwassaidtocommemorateJiezitui,afaithfulministerofJinstateintheSpringandAutumnPeriod.

ThemaincustomsinQingmingFestivalincludesweepingtombs,takingaspringouting,wearingwillowbrachesandflyingkites.

QingmingFestivalQuestion

WhendoesQingmingFestivalfallon?Whatdopeopleusuallydoonthatday?QingmingFestival6.2.3QingmingFestivalV.S.Halloween

Halloween,theshorteningformofAllHallows'EveningorAllHallows'Eve,isafestivalcelebratedonthenightofOctober31inthewesterncountries.TheoriginofHalloweenistheancientCelticfestivalknownasSamhain,markingacelebrationoftheendoftheharvestseason.

In

mostancientGaelsopinions,thedecedentswouldcomebacktolife,causingdisasterssuchassicknessordamagedcropsonOctober31.Therefore,theresomerelevantpopularcustomssuchasmakingthetrick-or–treatinggameanddressinginHalloweenwitchesonthatday.Halloween

Question

WhendoesHalloweenfallon?Whatdopeopleusuallydoonthatday?Halloweensaying“完了”“沒了”inSpringFestivalbreakingutensilsweepingthetrash...6.2.4FesivalTaboosInChinaInWesterncountriesstirringthepuddingcounterclockwiselytellingwishestoothersDoyouknowmorefestivaltaboos?6.3CustomsandCeremoniesofBaby'sBirth1)ThreemorningsSendredeggstotheirclosefamilyandfriendswithevennumberforagirlandtheoddnumberforaboy.

InChina6.3CustomsandCeremoniesofBaby'sBirth2)FirstMonthConfinementAnewmothertendstostayonthebedforonemonthafterthedelivery,andtheyofteneatboiledpig'trotters,themilletporridgeandtheboiledeggs.

InChina

3)One-monthCelebration/OnehundredDayCelebrationWhenthebabyisonemontholdoronehundreddaysold,mostfamiliesinChinatendtocelebrateitbyreceiptingtheirrelativesandfriendsathomeorintherestaurant.6.3CustomsandCeremoniesofBaby'sBirthInWesterncountries

2)FirstCommunionItisanimportanteventforachildgrowthinthewesternculture.Bytakingthefirstmealfromthechurch.Thechildwillgetasenseofbelongingandethicalguidancefromthechurchinmostparents’opinion.

1)BabyBaptismItisanimportantceremonyforthenewbabyheldbythepriestinthechurch.Itisaritualtosignifyhisorheridentificationandhelptobuilduptheirimageinthesociety.

PartOneLife-growthCeremonies

6.4DifferentBirthdayCelebrationsInChina

Achild'sfirstbirthdayisaveryimportanteventtomostfamilies.Zhuazhouor"GrabbingTestonthebaby’sfirstbirthday"isthemostinterestingandimportanttraditionalcustomwhichcanhelptoforetellthebaby’sfuturebyaskinghimtotaketheitemwithhishands.Aswell,someotherbirthdaysarealsoveryimportantsuchasthe10th,20th,60th,70th,and80thbirthdays.

Mostwesternerspaygreatattentiontoeachbirthdayintheirlives,asaresultthereareanumberofvariedcustomsassociatingwiththebirthdaysuchaspreparingforabirthdaycakesandbirthdaycandles,sendingbirthdaycardsandholdingthebirthdayparty.6.4DifferentBirthdayCelebrationsInthewestWatchandDiscussionCouldyouhelpthegrandpaexplainwhyChinesepeopleeatnoodlesonbirthday?6.5DifferentBirthdayCelebrationsPartOneLife-growthCeremonies

6.5DifferentGrown-upCeremoniesGrown-upCeremonyinChinaMalesshallusedtoreceiveacappingceremonyat20whileahairpinceremonyusedtobeheldforfemalesat15intheancientperiod.InthemodernChina,formosteighteen-year–oldchildren,thegrown-upceremonyisusuallyheldbeforetheygraduatefromtheseniorhighschooltomakethembeconsciousoftheirresponsibilitiesintheirshoulder.

PartOneLife-growthCeremoniesTheyoungmentendtocelebratetheirgrown-upceremonyat18or21insomecountriesbyholdinganextravagantpartywithsomemorevaluablegiftsfromtheirguestsandfriendsgivenand

lotsofchampagne

served.

InAmerica,mosthighschoolstudentstendstoholdaromanticandbigpromtomemorizetheirunforgettablehigh-schoolperiod.6.5DifferentGrown-upCeremoniesInthewestTaditionalMarriageCustoms----theancientChinesemarriagecustomsincludedthreelettersandsixetiquettes;threelettersreferto

thebetrothalletter,thegiftletterandtheweddingletter

whilesixetiquettesmeansometraditionalmarriagecustomssuchasproposingmarriage,matchingbirthdates,selectingtheweddingdate,presentingweddinggifts,andholdingtheweddingceremony.6.6DifferentRitualsofMarriageMarriageCustomsInChinaChineseTraditionalWeddingCeremonyContemporaryMarriageCustoms---onbasisofinheritingthetraditionalmarriagecustoms,thecontemporarymarriageceremonyhasintegratedsomemodernsocialorfashionableelements.Generallyspeaking,theyoungcouplestendtomakethefollowingpreparationbeforetheydecidetogetmarriedsuchasapplyingforthemarriagecertificate,selectingtheweddingdateandtakingtheweddingphotos.Ontheweddingday,theyoungcouplestendtoholdagrandceremonyinamagnificentrestaurantbyinvitingtheirfamilymembers,relativesandfriendstotheirweddingbanquet.ChineseContemporaryWeddingCeremonyGenerallyspeaking,thewesternerstendtoholdtheweddinginthechurchhostedbythepriestjustofmostofthembelieveinChristianity;thebridegroomusuallywearthewesternswallow-tailedcoatwhilethebrideoftenwearthewhiteweddingdress,whichsignifiesthepurityoftheyoungcouples’love.Aswell,therearesomeothercustomsinthewesternmarriagesuchasexchangingtheengagementring,holdingthebachelorparty,sharingthecakeandthrowingthebouquetintheweddingreception.6.6DifferentRitualsofMarriageInthewestTheWesternWeddingCeremonyBachelorPartyBridalShowerPart3KeystoExercisesPart3KeystoExercisesII.ComprehensionCheck_______1.ForChinesewomen,itiscommonforthemtostayonthebedforthreemonthsafterthedeliverysincethefirstthreemonthsareregardedtobeveryimportanttoanewmother,whichisusuallycalled“sittingthemonth”inmostplaces._________2.TheWesternparentspaygreatattentiontotheirchildren’sfirstcommunion,becausetheybelieveiftheirchildrenarereligioustheymightbenefitfrombelongingtoachurch.________3.ThehistoryofcakesandcandlesdatedbacktoAncientGreatBritain,whenroundcakesweremadetohonorQueenElizabeth,withacoupleofcandleslittosymbolizeherlove.________4.IntheancientChina,malesusedtoreceiveacappingceremonyat18whileahairpinceremonyusedtobeheldforfemalesat16._________5.InAustralia,NewZealandandtheUnitedKingdom,theyoungmentendtocelebratetheirgrownceremonyateither18or21.II.ComprehensionCheckDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).FTTFFPart3KeystoExercisesII.ComprehensionCheck_________6.InChina,ThreeLettersrefertothebetrothalletter,thegiftletterandtheweddingletter,eachofwhichisusedinadifferentperiodofthemarriage._________7.ThecustomofwearingwhitecouldbeattributedtoQueenElizabethwhograntedthelawandorderedalltheroyalmemberstowearawhiteweddingdress._________8.InChina,onthenightoftheweddingday,acustominsomeplacesisthattherelativesorfriendsaresupposedtobanterthenewlywedstobringnoisinesstoscareofftheevilspiritsdeliberately._________9.TheengagementringiswornonthefourthfingerofthelefthandinmostEuropeancountriesandNorthAmericancountries._________10.DuringtheSpringFestival,pastingthe“Fu”upsidedown,whichstandsforthearrivalofhappiness,isverypopularwithmostfamiliesinChina.TFFTTPart3KeystoExercisesIII.VocabularyIII.VocabularyCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelowandeachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1.Duringthefirstmonthafterthebaby’sbirth,themotherneedn’tdoanyhouseworkbutsimplylieinbedtorestandfeedtheinfant,whichis_________toherrecuperationinmostChinese’opinion..2.InChina,duringthefirstmonthconfinementthemotherisusuallyforbiddentotakeabathwithinthemonthincasethe“wind”orthecoldwillentertheinternalbody,resultinginthe__________harmtothemother’sphysicalhealth.3.MostChinesepeopleregardthecompletionofthefull30daysasa_______forthechild.4.InChinawhenachild'sfirstbirthdaycomes,itiscommonthathisfutureisexpectedtobe________bytakingtheitemwithhishands.beneficialmilestonelifelongforetoldbeneficiallegallyinheritancelifelongmilestoneforetoldpurchasecommemoratereluctancegratitudePart3KeystoExercisesIII.Vocabulary5.ComparetoChinesebirthcustoms,“BabyShowers”and“FirstCommunion”arevery________intheWesterncountries.6.ThereasonwhytheseniorsandthebabiesreceiveparticularconsiderationisthatinChineseculture,theelderlyarehonoredwithgreatrespectandit’safamily’sresponsibilitytopreservethebloodlineandensurethe_________ofthefollowinggenerations.7.DrinkingplaysanimportantroleintheWestern18thbirthdayceremony,asitistheagewhereonecan________purchaseanddrinkalcohol.8.QingmingFestivalissaidto_____________Jiezitui,afaithfulministerofJinstateintheSpringandAutumnPeriod.9.Whenthebridegroomarrives,thebride,coveredbyaredhead-kerchief,usuallycriesinthefaceofherfamilymembers,showingher_________toleavehomeontheChineseweddingday.10.Attheweddingreception,thebrideandgroomtendtoshowtheir________totheirguestsbycuttingtheweddingcakeandsharingalltheguestsandfriendsaround.popularinheritancelegallyreluctancecommemorategratitude做滿月

嬰兒洗禮

抓周

4.成人禮

5.婚宴

IV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversafirstMonthCelebrationbabyShowergrabbingtestonthebaby’sfirstbirthdaygrown-upCeremonyweddingBanquetPart3KeystoExercisesIV.TranslationPart3KeystoExercisesIV.Translation6.FirstCommunion7.birthdaycandles8.ProposingMarriage9.FamilyReunionDinner10.BachelorParty6.初領(lǐng)圣餐7.生日蠟燭8.提親9.年夜飯10.單身漢晚會Part3KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisBartRapsonhadbroughthisfamilytothePhilippinestoajobassignmentforamultinationalcorporation.Whilenotparticularlyreligiousthemselves,havinglargelyabandonedthepracticeofCatholicismexceptfortokenappearanceatChristmasandEaster,theystillfeltthattheirchildrenmightbenefitfrombelongingtoachurch.Theyexplainedtofriendsthatthechurchcouldgivechildrenasenseofbelongingandprovidesomemoralandethicalguidance.SincePhilippinesbelieveinCatholiclargely,itwaseasyforBarttoplacehis7-year-olddaughterinaSundayschoolclassthatwouldprepareherforherFirstCommunion.Asthedayapproached,Bartplannedforanotherchurchparty,invitingcolleaguesandtheirfamiliesfromwork.OneFilipinocolleague,Manuel,towhomBartfeltespeciallyclose,keptputtingoffananswertoBart’sinvitation,sayingneither“yes”nor“no”.FinallyBartsaid,“Mywifeneedstoknowhowmanypeopletocookfor.”Stillnotgivingayesornoanswer,ManuellatercalledandsaidthathewouldbeattendingadifferentpartythatwouldbeattendedbyotherFilipinos,butBartdidnotrecognizeanyonefromthelist.ManuelsaidthathewouldtrytostopbysometimeduringBart’sparty.(tobecontinued)Case1Part3KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysis

Bartwasquiteupset.Hecomplained,“IfthisissupposedlyaCatholiccountry,whywouldtheynotplaceavalueonthis?Whywouldheturndownaonce-in-lifetimegathering,mydaughter’sFirstCommunion,togotoapartywithfriendsheadmitstoseeingallthetime?Aftertheparty,BartwasmerelycordialtoManuel-therewerenolongeranyindicationsoffriendliness.Manuelwaspuzzled,andhadnoideawhattheproblemwas.Thedirectoroftheorganization,asensitiveperson,pickedupthecauseandrealizedthattherewasastrainedrelationship.Case1(continued)

QuestionsWhydidBartfeelupsetinthiscase?WhatwasManuel’sproblemandwhatshouldhepayattentiontonexttime?Part3KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisForAmericans,knowinghowmanypeoplewillattendagatheringisoneofthekeypriorities,asithelpsthehosttoprepareproperly.However,toFilipinos,thenumberofguestisnotveryimportant,theyusuallypreparemorefoodthanenoughandwouldnotmindiftherewereleftovers.Aswell,Filipinosprefertobetogetherwithpeopletheyknowwell.Inaddition,inthePhilippines,theFirstCommunionisnotasimportantasthepartythatfollows.Forthatveryreasons,ManueltoldBartthathewoulddropbylater.ThemainprobleminthatcaseisManuel’signoranceofAmericancustoms.HedidnotrealizethatAmericanspaygreatattentiontoimportantsocialgatherings,especiallywhentheirchildrenareinvolved.Invitinghiscolleaguestoattendthegatheringalongsidehisfamilymembersisveryspecial.Aswecansee,thedifferentattitudestowardthesamematterinevitablyleadtomisunderstandingsandunhappyfeelings.Ifthetwosidescouldnotsaywhatwasintheirminds,thebreachbetweenBartandManuelwouldbewiderandwider.However,ifManuelhadbeeninformedaboutAmericancustomsandattitudes,hecouldhaveavoidedthismisunderstandingandnothurtBart'sfeelings.commentsPart3KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisMarkandJanearetheyoungcoupleswhocomefromAmerica,andtheyhaveworkedinaninternationalcorporationsituatedinShanghaiforfiveyears.WangWeiandZhuDanaretheirclassmatesinAmericaandtheyworkinthesamecompanynow.Lastmonth,WangWeiandZhuDanheldtheirweddingceremonywhichtheylookedforwardtoforalongtimeinthemostfamousrestaurantofShanghai-HepingRestaurant.Astheirclassmatesandtheirbestfriends,MarkandJanedecidedtoattendtheirbestfriends’wedding,givingtheirbestwishestothematthewedding.OntheweddingDay,theAmericanyoungcouplecametotheweddinglocationearlierwiththeirweddinggifts,abeautifulalbumandabundleofpinklily.WhenseeingtheirAmericanbestfriends’coming,WangWeiandZhuDanfeltveryhappy.However,whentheysawthegifttakenbytheirfriends,theyfeltdisappointedintheirmind.Duringthewholeweddingceremony,theyoungcouplegreetedwarmlytoalltheguestswiththesmileontheirface.AndMarkandJanealsofeltverycheerfulbecauseitwasthefirsttimetoattendsuchaferventweddinginChina.(tobecontinued)Case2Part3KeystoExercisesV.CaseAnalysisAfterthewedding,MarkandJanefoundthechangeofthenewly-wed’sattitudetowardsthemandtheycouldn’tfeelthewarmthandfriendlinessfromtheirbestfriendsanylonger.BothMarkandJanewereveryconfusedaboutwhathappenedtothemandthey