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LearningandMemoryInstituteofNeurobiologyWangYueEmail：wangyue@世界最高水平的記憶力較量——世界記憶力錦標賽二進制數字虛擬歷史事件一小時撲克牌一小時數字人名與頭像新詩記憶隨機單詞撲克牌速記數字速記口述數字5分鐘80組虛擬歷史事件10分鐘撲克牌記憶，4副30分鐘數字記憶1040位數字OutlineBasicconceptsoflearningandmemoryBrainlocationsoflearningandmemoryMolecularmechanismsoflearningandmemoryBasicconceptsoflearningandmemoryLearning:theacquisitionofthenewinformationbythenervoussystem.

1、NonassociativelearningWaysoflearning1、Nonassociativelearning

Describesthechangeinthebehavioralresponsethatoccursovertimeinresponsetoasingletypeofstimulus.Habituation：ThedeclineinthetendencytorespondtoaneventthathasbecomefamiliarthroughrepeatedexposureSensitization：AnincreaseinthetendencytorespondtoaneventthathasbeenrepeatedBasicconcepts:wayoflearninghabituationsensitizationBasicconceptsoflearningandmemoryLearning:theacquisitionofthenewinformationbythenervoussystem.

1、Nonassociativelearning2、AssociativelearningWaysoflearning2、Associativelearning

Associativelearninginvolveslearningarelationshipbetweentwostimuliorastimuliandtheorganism’sbehaviorClassicalconditioning：Instrumentalconditioning：BasicconceptsClassicalconditioning

：IvanPavlovInstrumentalconditioning

：SkinnerBoxThorndikeBasicconceptsoflearningandmemoryLearning:theacquisitionofthenewinformationbythenervoussystem.

1、Nonassociativelearning2、Associativelearning3、ProcedurallearningWaysoflearning3、ProcedurallearningBasicconcepts:wayoflearningBasicconceptsoflearningandmemoryLearning:theacquisitionofthenewinformationbythenervoussystem.

1、Nonassociativelearning2、Associativelearning4、Declarativelearning3、ProcedurallearningWaysoflearning4、DeclarativelearningBasicconcepts:wayoflearningSemanticlearningEpisodiclearningMemory：referstotheencoding,storage,andretrievaloflearnedinformation.BasicconceptsTemporalCategoriesofMemoryQualitativeCategoriesofMemorySemanticmemoryEpisodicmemoryMechanismoflearningandmemoryBrainlocationsoflearningandmemoryH.McaseAnterogradeamnesiaRetrogradeamnesiaDecember3,2009,UCSDHenryMolaisonModerntechnologyPETfMRIBrainlocationsoflearningandmemoryEricR.Kandel

MechanismoflearningandmemoryAplysiaInSearchofMemorySiphonGillNeuroscienceHabituationSiphonGillNeurosciencesensitizationSensoryneuronSiphonskinMotorneuronGillmuscleNeuroscienceHabituationSiphonSensoryneuronMotorneuronGillmuscleL29ShockNeuroscienceMechanismoflearningandmemoryPlasticityLong-termpotentiation(LTP)LTP50-100stimuliat100HZMechanismsofEarlyLTPActivitychangesofAMPAreceptorInfluxofNa+RetrogradesignalgeneratorGluisreleasedfrompresynapticcellAMPAreceptorNMDAreceptorRemovetheblockageofMg2+toNMDAreceptorCa2+influxinpostsynapticcell→activationofproteinkinasesSingletrainofAP→depolarizationofthemembraneofpostsynapticcellNO?TherelationshipofLTPandmemoryIncreasethenumberandactivityofNMDAreceptorLateLTP長時非陳述記憶的機制MechanismsofLateLTPRepeatedtrains→depolarizationofthemembraneofpostsynapticcellRemovetheblockageofMg2+toNMDAreceptorCa2+influxinpostsynapticcellC

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