考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷336

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Peoplewithhearingimpairmentsdon'twanttobetreatedasthoughtheyarcsomehow

lessvaluableinthecommunity.Isitnormaltobealittlenervouscommunicatingwitha

deafpersonforthefirsttime?Sure.What'simportantthoughisrealizingthatwhilethese

peoplecan'thear,theydefinitelycancommunicateeffectivelywithyouifyougivethem

achance.Anyformofcommunicationbetweenpeopleisatwowaystreet.Itisvery

importantthentodeterminehowadeafpersonprefersiocommunicate.Therearea

numberofoptionsavailabletothemsuchassignlanguage,lipreadingorusingtext.

Therewillbeawayofmakingaconnection.Itmaysometimeshedifficultorawkward

buttheeffortiswellworthit.Ifyouneedtocommunicateregularlywithadeafperson

thereisnodoubtthatsignificanteffortisrequiredonyourparttomaketheconnection.It

isalmostlikeneedingtolearnasecondlanguage.Unfortunatelyforthemajorityof

peopleitisnotsomethingthattheyencounteronaregularbasis,sonovicestosign

languageandlipreadingcanmakeunintentionalerrors.Mostlytheseerrorsaretheresult

ofspeed.Forlipreadingitmaybeacaseoftalkingtoofastsothatthedeafperson

doesn'thavethecapacitytocatchalloftheconversation.Alternativelyitisnotunusual

forpeopletotalktooslov/ly,asthoughthedeafpersonhasacomprehensiondisorder

ratherthanhearing.Intermsofsignlanguageitcanbejustasfrustratingforthedeaf

personwhoisfluentinsigningtotrytodecipheranuntrainedperson'sattemptsatsign

language.'Noviceswholearnthesignsbutonlyusethemoccasionallyneverreallylearn

howto"speak"insignlanguagethewaysomeonecloselytiedtodeafpeoplecan.The

dilemmacanbecomparedtovisitingaforeigncountryinwhichtheinhabitantsspeaka

differentlanguage.Youmayhavespentyearsstudyingthatlanguagebutwhenyoufind

yourselfthrustintoadifferentcultureyourealizethatyouhavelearnedtherulesand

vocabularyofthelanguagebutyouhavenotlearnedhowtospeakit.Dealingwithdeaf

peopledoesnotnecessarilyhavetosignificantlyalterthewaythatyougetyourmessage

across.Evenwithhearingpeopleverbalcommunicationonlymakesupasmall

componentofthewayamessageisdelivered.Youmayneedtothinkalittlemoreabout

thebestwayofmakingaconnectionbutitcanbedone.Theseareordinarypeopleyou

aredealingwithandtheydeservetobetreatedwithdignityandrespect,thesameas

anyoneelse.

1、Adeafperson.

A^issomehowlessvaluableinthecommunity

B、cancommunicateeffectivelywithnormalpeople

C、shouldbetreatedasanormalpersoninthesociety

D^feelsalittlenervouswhencommunicatingwithotherpeople

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第一段最后一句“…theydefinitelycancommunicateeffectively

withyouifyougivetheir.achance"，B應為答案。

2、Itmaysometimesbedifficult.

A、todeterminehowadeafpersoncommunicates

B、tochoosetheappropriateoptiontocommunicate

C、fbradeafpersontocommunicateinsignlanguage

D、forustoattempttocommunicatewithadeafperson

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第二段最后兩句"Therewillbeawayofmakingaconnection.Il

maysometimesbedifficultorawkward...”,以及第二段和第三段的上下文可知，要

正常人選擇一種恰當的方式同耳聾的人進行交流并非易事，所以，D應為答案。

3、Thetypicalerrormadebysomeonewhohasnoexperienceinlipreadingis.

A、talkingtoofast

B、talkingtooslowly

C、talkingatawrongspeed

D、talkingatanormalspeed

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第三段最后一句“…novicestosignlanguageandlipreadingcan

makeunintentionalerrors,,,以及第四段第一句"Mostlytheseerrorsaretheresultof

speed"，C應為答案。

4、Learningto"speak"insignlanguage.

A、issimilartolearningtospeakaforeignlanguage

B、iseasierforadeafpersonthanfbranormalperson

C、isjustasfrustratingforadeafpersonasforanormalperson

D、iseffortlessandpleasantforsomeonecloselytiedtodeafpeople

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第六段第一句"Thedilemmacanbecomparedtovisitingaforeign

countryinwhichtheinhabitantsspeakadifferentlanguage^,以及第三、五、六段的上

下文，A應為答案。

5、Theauthorprimarilyassertsinthetextthat.

A、thewayofcommunicationvarieswithhearingpeople

B、deafpeopleshouldhetreatedwithdignityandrespect

C^it'sdifficulttocommunicateregularlywithadeafperson

D、amessageisdeliveredmainlythroughverbalcommunication

標準答案：B

知識點解析：全文最后一句總結了作者在本文所要闡述的觀點“Theseareordinary

peopleyouaredealingwithandtheydeservetobetreatedwithdignityand

respect,..."o所以,B應為答案。

Neverhasagenerationofyoungpeoplespentsomuchmoneyyetunderstoodsolittle

abouthowtomanageit.Overthepastdecade,theaveragecredit-carddebtofAmericans

ages18to24doubled,tonearly$3,000.Amonghighschoolseniors,4outof5have

nevertakenapersonal-financeclass,butnearlyhalfhaveanATMdebitcard,andmore

thanaquarterhavebouncedacheck,accordingtoasurveyof5,775teens,releasedin

AprilbythenonprofitJumpStartCoalitionforFinancialLiteracy.Ifthosetrends

continue,declaringbankruptcycouldbecomeascommonasearningabachelor'sdegree.

Thescourgeoffinancialilliteracyisworrisomenotonlyforyoungdebtorsbutalsofor

theirparents,manyofwhomarefacingretirementandcan'tkeepbailingouttheirkids

forever.Butatleastonefinancialinstitutionhasfoundawaytocapitalizeonthe

problem.SanFrancisco-basedWellsFargoBankhaslaunchedanonlinerole-playing

videogameaimedalteachingteensandyoungadultsthebasicsoffinancial

management—withnostringsattached,althoughWellsFargowouldn'tobjectifusers

endedupopeningaccountsatthebank.Thegamecanbefoundatstagecoachisland.com

andworksonlyonWindowsmachines.Thebiggestchallenge,saysErikHauserof

SwivelMedia,whodevelopedthegame,wastofindawaytoengagekids'attention.

"They'reusedtoinstantmessaging,instantgratificationandinstantpudding.Wchadto

findanapproachthatwasn'tdryorstatic."Playerstravelaroundafantasyworld,

plunkingdownvirtualcashatthemalloracar-rentalagency,andearnspendingmoney

atanyoftheisland'ssevenvirtualATMsbytakingquizzes(afterabrieftutorial)onsuch

real-worldfundamentalsascredit,autoloansandonlinebanking.Samplequestion:What

doesAPRstandfor?a)accountpercentagerate,b)averageparcelrate,c)Americanpaper

routeord)annualpercentagerate.Forchoosingd,younet$15plusashockingly

generous10%interesteachdayonyourvirtualsavingsaccount.Butnocomputergame

alonecancureadolescentfinancialignorance.Somecurriculumexpertswonderwhyhigh

schoolsarestillteachingalgebra,trigonometryandcalculusbutnotthefinancialskills

theirstudentswillneedtosurviveintherealworld,suchashowtofillouttaxforms,

compareinterestratesorcalculatethereturnonaninvestment."Moreschoolsneedto

offermoney-managementclasses,"saysLewisMandell,afinanceprofessorattheState

UniversityofNewYorkatBuffalowhooversawtheJumpStartresearch."The

curriculumhastobemaderelevanttotheirlives.

6、Thefirstparagraphisprimarilyintendedtoillustrate.

A^thelifestyleofyounggeneration

B、thefinancialstateofhighschoolseniors

C、thesurveyreleasedbyanonprofitagency

D^theseriousfinancialilliteracyamongadolescents

標準答案：D

知識點解析：第一段第一句"Neverhasagenerationofyoungpeoplespentsomuch

moneyyetunderstoodsolittleabouthowtomanageit”是該段的主題句，其余各句用具

體數據說明了青少年缺乏個人理財知識的嚴重程度。所以，D應為答案。

7、Financialilliteracyoftheyouthislikelytoleadto.

A^theincreaseofyoungdebtors

B、thedeclarationofbankruptcy

C、theworryofmostretiringparents

D、theprosperityofafinancialinstitution

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第一段第二句"Overthepastdecade,theaveragecredit—carddebt

ofAmericansages18to24doubled,tonearly$3,000”以及第二段第一句"...manyof

whom...caiftkeepbailingouttheirkidsfbrcvcr,\A應為答案。

8、Accordingtothetext,WellsFargoBank.

A^hasheavilyinvestedinfinancialeducation

B、isextremelyinterestedinfosteringfinancialliteracy

C、makesthebestuseofyoungpeople'sfinancialilliteracy

D、triestowinmoreclientsbylaunchinganonlinevideogame

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據第二段第二句"Butatleastonefinancialinstitutionhasfoundaway

tocapitalizeonthcproblem”以及第三句“…WellsFargoBankhaslaunched...endedup

openingaccountsatthebank",C應為答案。

9、ThevideogamedevelopedbyErikHauser.

A、contributestotheeliminationoffinancialilliteracy

BNoffersabrieftutorialtothosewhoarewillingtoplay

C、engageskids'attentionbyprovidinginstantmessage

D、gratifiesitsplayersinstantlybyofferingcashtothem

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第二段第三句中的"...aimedatteachingteensandyoungadultsthe

basicsoffinancialmanagement”以及第三段最后兩句“…bytakingqiiizzes(afterabrief

tutorial)onsuchreal—vvorldfundamentalsascredit,autoloansandonline

banking.Samplequestion：...savingsaccounfsA應為答案。

10、Accordingtosomefinancialexperts,adolescents.

A、shouldspendlesstimeplayingcomputergames

B、shouldattendlessmathematicsclassesatschool

C>shouldcuretheirfinancialignoranceassoonaspossible

D、shouldbegivenmoreopportunitytostudyfinancialskills

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第四段最后兩句"'Moreschoolsneedtooffermoney-management

classes?'saysLewisMardell,afinanceprofessor...research.'Thecurriculumhasto

bemaderelevanttotheirlives'”,D應為答案。

Oneofthemostimportantstepsindevelopingcreativeabilitiesisrecognizingand

owninguptotheobstaclestodevisingcreativeideas.Theforemostbarrier,curiously,is

experience.Althoughexperienceisoftenvaluable,itcanbealiabilityifinasearchfor

creativeideas.HermanKahncalledexperience"educatedincapacity,"whichhelps

explainwhymanybreakthroughideascomefromoutsiderswhoaren*tencumberedby

theirexperience.KennethOlson,founderofDigitalEquipmentCorp.,reliedonhis

experienceincomputerswhenhetoldtheWorldFutureSociety'sconventionin1977:

"Thereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerintheirhome."That'sexactly

whenSteveJobsandSteveWozniakwerestartingAppleComputerintheirgarage!

Assumptionscanbeanotherbarriertocreativity.Foryearsthegreetingcardcompanies

laboredundertheassumptionthattheircompetitionwasothergreetingcardcompanies.

Nodoubtthisaffected-andconstrainedtheircreativeefforts.However,theunexpected

popularityofsendingflowersandplantswithjustatelephonecall(e.g.FloristsTelegraph

DeliveryFTD)becamesignificantcompetition.Judgmentsareanotherbarrier.Whenwas

thelasttimeyouquicklyrespondedtoanideawith"Itwillneverwork,"or"Wetriedthat

before,"or"They'llneverbuyit"?Thinkaboutjudgmentsyou'velaughedat:"He'llfall

offtheendofthecarth"(abou(ChristopherColumbus),or"They'llneverreplace

horses"(saidaboutautomobiles),or"Birdsweremadetofly,notman"(saidabout

airplanes).Whataboutthejudgmentsthatarenowacceptedasvalid?Whatabout

Einstein'sTheoryofRelativity?Mightitbesupersededinthefuture,andcouldtoday's

acceptanceinhibitcreativity?Unfortunately,acommonbarriertocreativity,the"right

answer"syndrome,islockedintopeople'sbrainsshortlyaftertheystartschool,withthe

get-the-rightanswerfocustypicalofoureducationalsystem.Mostschoolsystemsare

betteratturningoutautomatonswhocanmemorizeandparrottherightanswerstheyarc

notsoexpertatturningoutpeoplewhocanthinkandinventnewanswers.Thelastmajor

barriertocreativityisfearoffailure.Failureisactuallyagreatcontributortocreativity;

it'satremendouslearningtool.Althoughtoomanygraduatesoftheright-answerschool

areoblivioustothevalueoffailure,ThomasEdisonwasnot.Whenafriendsuggested

thathisattemptstodevelopanelectricstoragebatterywereafailuresincehehadtried

thousandsofmaterialswithoutsuccess,Edisonreplied:"Why,man,Fvegotalotof

results!Iknowseveralthousandthingsthatwon'twork."

11、Theauthorbelievesthatexperiences.

A、laythefoundationforproductivethinking

B、impedethedevelopmentofyourcreativity

C、greatlyaffecthowyoudevisecreativeideas

D、arevaluableforcreatingbreakthroughideas

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第一段前兩句“...theobstaclestodevisingcreativeideas.The

foremostbarrier,curiously,isexperience”可知，創造性思維的頭號障礙是經驗。所

以，B應為答案。

12、TheauthorciteswhatKennethOlsonsaidin1977toshowthat.

A^experienceisadversetoinnovation

B、hehadrichexperienceincomputers

C^hisearlyexperiencewasmisleading

D、uniqueexperienceisextremelyvaluable

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、Bycitingtheexampleofthegreetingcardcompanies,theauthorshowsthat.

A、aninfantindustryismorecompetitive

B、greetingcardindustrysteadilydeclined

C、wrongassumptionhindersinventiveness

D、thecompetitionwasfierceinanyindustry

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

14、ItisimpliedinthetextthatEinstein'sTheoryofRelativityis.

A、asvalidastheearlierjudgmentaboutairplanes

B、asimportantasthediscoveryoftheNewWorld

C>abarriertoscientificinvestigationandprogress

D、validatpresentandmaynotbesointhefuture

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、BycitingwhatEdisonsaid,theauthorintendstoshowthatfailure.

A、isanunavoidablebarriertocreativity

B、isthesureststeppingstonetosuccess

CNderivesfromthe"rightanswer"syndrome

D、inevitablyleadstodiscoveryandprogress

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

Eeoplewhoaredepressedareliterallysiekatheart:theyhaveasignificantlyincreased

riskforcardiovasculardisease,andnooneknowsexactlywhy.Nowthreenewstudies

havetriedtoexplainthis,andtheyarriveatsubtlydifferentconclusions.Thefirst,ledhy

Dr.MaryA.Whooley,studied1,017patientswithcoronaryarterydiseaseforanaverage

ofmorethanfouryears.Althoughthestudyfoundanassociationofdepressionwithheart

disease,whenresearchersstatisticallycorrectedforothermedicalconditions,disease

severityandphysicalinactivity,theassociationdisappeared.Theyconcludedwitha

relativelystraightforwardexplanation:depressionleadstophysicalinactivity,andlackof

exerciseincreasestheriskfbrheartdisease.Asecondstudyprovidesadifferent

perspective.Itincludedmorethan6,500healthymenandwomenwithanaverageageof

51.Researcherstestedthemfordepressivesymptomsandfollowedthemforanaverage

ofmorethansevenyears.Thisstudy,too,foundthatbehavioralissueslikesmokingand

inactivitywerethestrongestfactorsintheincreasedriskforheartdiseaseamongpeople

whoaredepressedoranxious,accountingfbr65percentofthedifferenceinrisk.But

theyalsofoundthatdepressedpeoplehadhigherratesofhypertensionandhigherlevels

ofC-reactiveprotein,andthatthesetwophysiologicalfactorstogetheraccountedfor

ahout19percentoftheincreasedrisk.MarkHarrierwastheleadauthor.Whilethesetwo

studiessuggestthatthemechanismbywhichdepressionexertsitseffectismostlyor

entirelythroughpoorhealthbehaviors,athirdstudyfoundthatsomethingelsemightbe

evenmoreimportant.Thispaper,whoseseniorauthorwasDr.BrendaPenninx,studied

2,088well-functioningadultsages70to79.Itfoundnodifferenceinphysicalactivity

betweenthosewhoweredepressedandthosewhowerenot.Butitdidfindthat

depressivesymptomswereassociatedwithanincreaseinvisceralfataccumulation一the

potbellythatisaknownriskfactorforcardiovascularillness.Thissuggeststhatthereis

abiologicalmechanismthatlinksdepressionwithphysiologicalchangesindependentof

howmuchapersonexercises.Tofurthercomplicatematters,Dr.Pcnninxsuggestedthat

herphysicallyhealthysubjectsmighthaveadifferentkindofdepression."Thereisnow

quitealotofevidencethatamongheartattackpatients,thephysicalsymptomsof

depressionaremoreprevalent,nshesaid,"whichsuggeststhattheirdepressionis

differentfromthatseeninanotherwisehealthysample.'*Fornow,Dr.Hameroffered

whatmightbethelastwordonthecomplicatedrelationshipbetweendepressionand

heartdisease."It'sreallyquitedifficulttounderstand,"hesaid.

16、Theauthorassertsthat

A^theriskforheartdiseaseisdefinitelyincreasing

B>therearelinksbetweendepressionandheartdisease

C、thehighriskforheartdiseasecanhardlybeexplained

D^thereasonsforhigherriskofheartdiseaseareobscure

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據文章第一句中的“Peoplewhoaredepressedareliterallysickat

heart...B應為答案