PAGEPAGE1第2節四種題型解讀題型一細微環節理解題事實認定數字確定依次排列通過閱讀，認定文中出現的who，what，when，where，which，how等詳細事實信息。對文中所涉及的年頭、年齡、數量、錢款等進行規整、計算、換算，得出試題所要求的答案。對文中所列舉的事實、事項、事務等依據時間、空間或邏輯依次進行恰當排序。解題技巧1.略讀、跳讀，鎖定與問題相關的信息范圍，定位相關的詞語或句子。2．讀選項，理解各選項的意義，比較各選項的意義差別。3．通過干脆信息認定、同義替換對應，篩選出正確答案。4．重點關注給出的例證、類比、依次等重要信息點。(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，A)Washington，D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration：3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington，D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike，helmet，cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursMorningorAfternoon，thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD．C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington，D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路途)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration：3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington，D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike，helmet，andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21．Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A．CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.B．WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C．CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D．WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.[解題指導]考查細微環節理解題之事實認定。依據第一部分中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear！”可知，這個騎自行車旅游須要提前預定。故選A項。22．WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A．Meetfamouspeople.B．Gotoanationalpark.C．Visitwell-knownmuseums.D．Enjoyinterestingstories.[解題指導]考查細微環節理解題之事實認定。依據第三部分中的“Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost，interestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.”可知，在這個活動中，你可以觀賞到好玩的故事。故選D項。23．Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A．Citymaps. B．Cameras.C．Meals. D．Safetylights.[解題指導]考查細微環節理解題之事實認定。依據最終一部分中的“Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.”可知，全部騎車人都配備了反光背心和平安燈。故選D項。(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，A·節選)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJB6，M6.Approximatetraveltimes:Windermere—20minutes，Kendal—25minutes，Lancaster—45minutes，Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday—Friday(closedonSaturday)11：00a．m.—4：00p.m.,30thMarch—2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:￡12.00￡8.00Groups:￡9.00￡5.5021．HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A．20minutes. B．25minutes.C．45minutes. D．90minutes.[解題指導]考查細微環節理解題之數字確定。依據VisitorInformation部分“HowtoGettoHolker”中的“Manchester—1hour30minutes”可知，從Manchester到Holker要用1hour30minutes，即90分鐘，故選D項。22．HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.[解題指導]考查細微環節理解題之數字確定。依據AdmissionCharges中的內容可知，參觀Hall&Gardens時，購買團體票(Groups)的價格為9英鎊，故選B項。題型二推理推斷題隱含信息、言外之意作者的觀點、看法、情感看法文章出處、讀者對象預料后文通過歸納、演繹、類比等方式從已知信息中推出未知信息，由已言之意，推未言之意。通過對事務、景物、話語的深化分析推出作者含蓄、隱晦地表達出的觀點或看法；體會作者在字里行間中流露出的情感看法。通過對格式、結構、內容的分析，推出文章的出處、題材范圍和閱讀此文章的主要讀者群。通過對上文情節、事理的敘述的理解，結合行文邏輯分析，推出文章后文要講解并描述的內容。解題技巧1.推理推斷要符合邏輯，在文中要有事實依據。2．學會readbetweenthelines和readbeyondthelines，透過字里行間，去推斷隱含意義。3．利用歸納法、演繹法、類比法對文中的論據進行分析，從而推出論點和結論。4．整合信息，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由詳細推抽象，由抽象推詳細。5．抓住文中的褒貶性詞匯或語句，尤其是形容詞和副詞，可推斷作者的情感看法；依據文章最終的“結論”可推斷作者是贊成還是反對。eq\o(例12024·全國卷Ⅰ，C·節選)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(聯系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.[解題指導]考查推理推斷題之隱含信息、言外之意。依據本段中最終一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知，在狩獵時代，人口少，語言卻很豐富，故選B項。[干擾項分析]有些考生會錯選C項，緣由是他們看到句中的單詞patterns，但明顯C項與theirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother含義是不同的，所以不能受patterns的影響而斷章取義。eq\o(例22024·全國卷Ⅰ，D·節選)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.[解題指導]考查推理推斷題之隱含信息、言外之意。依據對第一段的整體理解可知，與新的電子設備相比，舊的電子設備不僅耗能高，而且危害環境，所以可推斷出，新的電子設備是環保的。故選A項。eq\o(例32024·全國卷Ⅱ，B)ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries，strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC，although，becauseoftheirseeds，raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質)，ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein)．Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質)．TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃)，theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However，theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits，frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick，coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”．Forthispurpose，selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks，dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer，youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert，tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper.D．Atravelbrochure.[解題指導]考查推理推斷題之文章出處。全文主要介紹了一些七月成熟的果實以及這些果實的養分成分等，這當然與健康飲食有關，這類文章應當是刊載在健康雜志上。故選B項。[干擾項分析]考生很簡單誤選C項，這是受到了其次段對養分成分介紹的干擾，因此誤以為本文摘自探討性論文。題型三主旨大意題確定文章標題概括全文主題概括段落大意標題是文章的題目，它不是主題，但限定主題的范圍，可表達主題，是對主題的提煉和濃縮，表現形式多為短語，尤其是名詞短語。主題是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表達的中心愿思，有的干脆出現在文中，有的須要通過綜合全文的內容概括歸納得出。段落大意是指段落的中心愿思。文章常由多個段落組成，共同支撐全文主題，但每段又分述不同的意思，可通過歸納、演繹等方法概括得出。解題技巧1.細讀文章或段落的首句、中間句和尾句，主題往往就在這些地方出現。2．特殊關注however，but等表示轉折的信息詞，主題很可能就在這類詞的后面出現。3．表示結論性的信息詞如so，thus，therefore等后面通常會出現主題句。4．對記敘文要會依據所述事務進行歸納概括，領悟其寓意，總結出文章的主題。5．標題是對主題句的高度概括，用詞更少，簡明扼要，有時會用形象化的語句。(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，D)We'veallbeenthere:inalift，inlineatthebankoronanairplane，surroundedbypeoplewhoare，likeus，deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor，worse，strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What'stheproblem?It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging，orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers，considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy，butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialcommunication，saysBernardoCarducci，directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk，”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers，notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study，ElizabethDunn，associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC，invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動)withitswaiter;theother，tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband，”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging，abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners，”hesays.35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCountsB．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalkD．UncomfortableSilence[解題指導]考查主旨大意題之確定標題。文章主要探討了閑聊在人際交往中的重要作用，故選C項。[干擾項分析]有些考生會誤選B項，但B項是片面的，文章的主旨并不是介紹如何進行閑聊。因此B項犯了以偏概全的錯誤。(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawson27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.[解題指導]考查主旨大意題之概括全文主題。第一段簡要介紹城市發展的緣由，從而引出Dawson這一城市的興起；其次段介紹了該城市興起的緣由；第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的緣由及現在的狀況，所以全文是圍繞Dawson這個城市的起起伏伏而進行的，故選A項。題型四詞義揣測題揣測詞義代詞指代揣測句意依據上下文揣測單詞或短語的含義。依據上下文揣測代詞it，they，that，these，those等代指的人或物。依據上下文揣測某個句子的含義。解題技巧1.利用針對性的說明，如定義、同位語、定語從句、重述等。2．利用標點符號，如破折號、冒號、分號、引號后面的內容或括號中的內容。3．利用文中列舉的例子或給出的同義詞、反義詞等。4．依據內文邏輯關系，如并列、對比、因果關系等。5．依據構詞法，如前綴、后綴、復合詞等。eq\o(例12024·全國卷Ⅰ，C·節選)Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParag