第三講主旨大意題

主旨大意題主要考查同學們在理解全文的基礎上，運用概括、判斷、推理等邏輯思維方

法對文章進行高度概括或總結的能力。解題關鍵是首先通讀全文、把握好文章大意；其次應

抓住文章主題句。這類題目可分為：主旨大意型、文章標題型和目的態度型。

I.Fromthepassageweknowthat

2.Whatisthepassage/storymainlyabout?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

命題形式4.Thearticleisabout.

主旨大/__________

通發全文，把握文章大意；

意型\技巧點撥1.

-2.找出主題句或和主題有關的關鍵詞，從而

把握文章的主旨(mainidea)。

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemight

命題形式be.

主旨是一2.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

3.Whichof(hefollowingcanbethebesttitle

ofthispassage?

文章標

題型

1.通瀆全文，把握文章大意；

技巧點撥

2.找出主題句，把握文章的主旨；

3.標題要言簡意賅，引人注目；

1.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

2.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthe

passageis_______.

3.Thepurposeofthispassage/storyisto

命題形式—4.Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthis

passage?

目的態

扁7顆DT幺閃生

度型

(2018?全國卷I?用一I.要充分理解全文，正確把握文章思想和主

GwdM”，〃加Mm力.技巧點撥旨大意；

S2.站在作者的立場想問題，推斷作者的寫作

morning,butsheiscookingupastorminh(態度及目的：

preparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney：GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththe

helpofchefMattTebbuitofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparing

recipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersays

she'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrominylocalMexican

takeawayrestaurant,Msheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（一份），butMattmakes

themfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycan

buytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves.v

Theeight—partseries（系列節目），SaveMoneyzGoodFood,followsinthe

footstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowto

getvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtime

withadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofa

familyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthe

family'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

、寸支法1文章主線定標題

關鍵詞法一反復出現的詞

語和多次重復的觀點就是

體現主旨的關鍵詞

主題句法一根據文強主題

句，確定中心詞充當標題

4大選珠連中法一分析文章細

技巧節.確定共同點，如同穿珠

般考慮能穿珠引線的主旨,

確定標題

逆向法一根據四個選項.考

最慮其可能內容,對照原文,

佳最相似者為最佳選項

標

題精準性強一不改變原文意

義和感情色彩

3大概括性強一概括全文，休

特點現文意主旨

新穎性強一語言精煉醒目,

吸引讀者

禹題i太遠

3種

錯誤斷章取義

選項

以偏概全

考法2段落大意類

（全國卷＞D）

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingthey

learnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothada

chancelogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackin

thewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplay,

catchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewords

fbryearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins4tTwinklc,twinkle,littlestar”or

rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.

B.Childrenhaveabeltermcinoryihaiigrown-ups.

C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.

D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.

＞寸支法2首尾兼顧知段意

首知①段首：說明文和議論文中

段

尾的主題句常在段首。

意

抓兼

住顧②段尾：先表述細節，后歸

段納概括，段落主題旬在段尾,

落③段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要

主表達的主題，再陳述主題,再論述細

題節.即引出主題f段落中心再論述

句

④沒有明顯段落主題句時.需概括段

落內容,總結段落大意。

考法3文章大意類

(2018?全國卷IILB)

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportor

river.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuited

tocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbourat

themouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over30()yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom

800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodof

time.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,

wasunmappedwilderness(荒里干).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwo

yearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof3(),()0().

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonor

Paris.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow—coveredmountainsand

sailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirty

feetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthe

path,killing63pcople.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswere

worththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.

About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessities

likefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondepended

onhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerest

insettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,they

leftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo-tosee

wheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawson

City—itspresentpopulationis762.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

C.Journeysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

?技法3定位主題斷文意

適用于主題句出現在開

頭的文章.如說明文、

讀首段新聞報道、科技說明文、

知大意議論文。

讀尾段記敘文故事:類閱讀主旨

知大意常隱含在尾段。

文敬濘段往往是興屈例

讀中段_T或談論個別現象，后

|面的段落才是主匕所在

6知大意

個

關析句子俏總句若是長難句.

鍵知人意主句一定是主題句。

技

巧作者反復重中的觀點通

?曲是土白，反復出現的

產意幣詞語一般是體現主旨的

_口關鍵詞；

■］留心轉折旬和總結性的提示i司

①表轉折的詞:but,however,yet;

一我因果的同：therefore,thus等

間之后的內容可徒是主場句；

一②總結詞:inshort,tosumup,in

conclusionViV我？占i侖休j41j子"i

根據各段主題句關系.

串聯每段大意歸納文章

-歸納法

2大意。

種

方排除不積極的選項，剔

邏輯

法除細節,抓住主要信

排法法

息，概括大意。

(202()年浙江卷)

Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetfor

successispersistence（毅力），acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavily

influencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthat

fathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayanivedatthesefindings

afterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,the

persistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.

“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers.”

Padilia-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchas

persistence-whichcanhetaught-arckeytoachild'slifesuccess.”

Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative“parenting

style.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.

Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:

childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehind

rulesarestressed；childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主權）.

Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsof

authoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyan

authoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleads

tobetteroutcomesinschool.

Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.

Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthe

benefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers

B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture

C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather

D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance

（2017?全國卷HLC）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstone

NationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.

Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchof

thecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhuman

development.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstone

area.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewer

humansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelk

populations-majorfoodsources（來源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimals

consumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthe

park.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyotes

killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythe

park'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducing

wolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelk

andcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves

wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly3（）yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethe

wolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolf

packsinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfis

fittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeavers

andredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeena

valuableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestoother

partsofthecountryaswell.

28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

（2018全國IID）

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedby

peoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,struggling

withtheuncomfortablesilence.

What'stheproblem?It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversational

intelligence.It?smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkward

andchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyou

findyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Experts

sayit'saninvaluablesocialpractice